Kuriakose Elias Chavara
St. Kuriakose Elias Chavara ܡܪܝ ܩܘܪܝܩܘܣ ܐܠܝܐ വിശുദ്ധ കുര്യാക്കോസ് ഏലിയാസ് ചാവറ | |
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 Mar Kuriakose Elias Chavara of Mannanam | |
| Vicar General of Syrian Catholics | |
| Born | February 10, 1805 Kainakary, Kuttanad, Kingdom of Travancore |
| Died | January 3, 1871 (aged 65) Koonammavu, Kingdom of Cochin |
| Venerated in | Catholic Church |
| Beatified | 8 February 1986, Kottayam by Pope John Paul II |
| Canonized | 23 November 2014, Rome by Pope Francis |
| Major shrine | St. Joseph's Syro-Malabar Dayra Church, Mannanam, Kottayam |
| Feast | 3 January (Syro-Malabar) |
| Attributes | Syrian Catholic saint and social reformer |
Mar Kuriakose Elias Chavara is a Syrian Catholic saint and social reformer from the Indian state of Kerala. He was the co-founder and first Prior General of the first congregation for men in the Syro-Malabar Catholic Church, now known as the Carmelites of Mary Immaculate, and of a similar one for women, the Congregation of the Mother of Carmel. He was canonized as saint on 23 November 2014.
Early life
Kuriakose Elias Chavara was born on 10 February 1805 at Kainakary, Kerala in a Nasrani Christian family as the son of Iko (Kuriakose) Chavara and Mariam Thoppil. Nasranis are Saint Thomas Christians (also known as Syrian Chrstians) who are the ancient Christians of Kerala baptized by St. Thomas the Apostle in the first century. The name Kuriakose is derived from the Syriac Aramaic name ܩܘܪܝܩܘܣ (Quriaqos). He was baptized on 17 February 1805 at St. Joseph's Syro-Malabar Church, Chennamkary.
In his childhood, Kuriakose attended the village school. There he studied language and elementary sciences. He entered the seminary in 1818 in Pallipuram where Palackal Thoma Malpan was the Rector. He was ordained a priest on 29 November 1829 and celebrated first Holy Qurbana at St. Joseph's Syro-Malabar Church, Chennamkary.
Later life
Kuriakose Kathanar joined with two other priests, Palackal Thoma Malpan and Porukara Thoma Kathanar to lead a monastic life. The name of the community they founded was Servants of Mary Immaculate. The foundation for the first Dayra at Mannanam was laid on 11 May 1831 by Porukara Thomas Kathanar. Palackal and Porukara Kathanars died in 1841 and 1846 respectively. On 8 December 1855, Kuriakose Kathanar and ten other priests took vows in the Carmelite tradition. He was nominated as the Prior General of Mannanam Dayra. The congregation became affiliated as a Third Order institute of the Order of Discalced Carmelites. From that point on they used the postnominal initials of T.O.C.D.[1]
Social reformer
Kuriakose Kathanar was also a social reformer.[2][3] Though he hailed from an upper caste Syrian Christian family,[4] he played a major role in educating the people of the lower ranks of society. He started a school at Mannanam in 1846. In 1864, he introduced a new system to start a school along with every church (palli) which was successful in making free education available for everyone.[3][5] Thus schools in Kerala are called pallikudam.[6] He was responsible for introducing noon day meals in schools, a practice later adopted by the rulers of Travancore and then by the Kerala government.[2] Kuriakose Kathanar founded the first printing press of the Indian Catholic Church at Mannanam.[3] From this printing press came the first Malayalam daily Nasrani Deepika.[2][3][7]
Service to the Church
Kuriakose Kathanar introduced retreat preaching for the laity for the first time in the Kerala Church. He popularised devotions and piety exercises such as rosary, way of the cross and eucharistic adoration. He was the Vicar General of Syrian Catholics[5][3] in 1861 in order to counter the influence of Mar Thomas Rochos on Saint Thomas Christians.[8]
Founder of CMI and CMC congregations
In co-operation with Palackal Thoma Malpan and Thoma Porukara, Kuriakose Kathanar founded an Indian religious congregation for men, now known as the Carmelites of Mary Immaculate. He believed that intellectual development and the education of women was the first step towards overall social welfare. Hence he founded, the Congregation of the Mother of Carmel, the first religious congregation for women in 1866.[9][10]
Death
Kuriakose Kathanar died on 3 January 1871, aged 66, at Koonammavu. His mortal remains were transferred to St. Joseph's Syro-Malabar Dayra Church, Mannanam on 24 May 1889.[2][3][5] His memorial is celebrated on 3 January as per the Syro-Malabar liturgical calendar.[11]
Canonisation
Scores of miraculous favours were reported by the intercession of Kuriakose Kathanar. Sister Alphonsa, who later became the first saint of India, has testified in 1936 that Kuriakose Kathanar had appeared to her twice during her illness and relieved her suffering. In 1955, Mar Mathew Kavukattu, arch-bishop of Changanacherry, received instructions from Rome to start diocese-level procedure towards the canonisation. On April 7, 1984, Pope John Paul II approved Kuriakose Kathanar's practice of heroic virtues and declared him Venerable.[12]
Kuriakose Kathanar was beatified at Kottayam on 8 February 1986 by Pope John Paul II in the course of a papal visit to India.[12]
On 3 April 2014, Pope Francis authorised the Congregation for the Causes of Saints to promulgate the decrees concerning the miracle attributed to Kuriakose Kathanar's intercession.[13] This confirmed Pope's approval of Kuriakose Kathanar's canonisation.[14] On 12 June 2014, Pope decreed that Kuriakose Kathanar be inscribed in the roll call of Saints on 23 November 2014.On 23 November 2014, he was canonized at Saint Peter's Square by Pope Francis along with Euphrasia Eluvathingal [15]
See also
References
- ^ "Kuriakose Elias Chavara". CMI.
- ^ a b c d "The Hindu article on Mar Chavara Kuriakose Elias Kathanar".
- ^ a b c d e f "Indian Express article on Mar Chavara Kuriakose Elias Kathanar".
- ^ Forrester, Duncan (1980). Caste and Christianity. Curzon Press. pp. 98, 102.
- ^ a b c "Manorama article on Mar Chavara Kuriakose Elias Kathanar".
- ^ "Unique Contributions of Blessed Kuriakose Elias Chavara in Education".
- ^ "Rashtra Deepika Ltd at a Glance". Deepika.
- ^ "The life of Blessed Chavara". blessedchavara.org. Retrieved 15 September 2014.
- ^ "Congregation of Mother of Carmel".
- ^ "Beatification of Father Kuriakose Elias Chavara and Sister Alfonsa Muttathupandathu - Homily of His Holiness John Paul II". Vatican.va. Retrieved 3 April 2014.
- ^ "Bl. Kuriakose Elias Chavara".
- ^ a b "Canonisation process of Kuriakose Elias Chavara". BlessedChavara.org.
- ^ "Decrees for the Causes of Saints". The Vatican Information Service. Retrieved 3 April 2014.
- ^ "Laval, Marie de l'Incarnation decreed saints". The Catholic Register. Retrieved 3 April 2014.
- ^ "Six news Saints to be created on feast of Christ the King". Radio Vaticana. Retrieved 13 June 2014.
External links
- Blessed Kuriakose Elias Chavara
- Postage stamp issued in honor of Father Elias by the Republic of India on 20 December 1987
- Blessed Kuriakose Elias Chavara at Patron Saint Index
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