Bill Ackman

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Bill Ackman
Bill Ackman and Michael Pearson Interview, April 23rd, 2014
Bill Ackman at a Conference in 2013
Born
William A. Ackman

(1966-05-11) May 11, 1966 (age 58)
NationalityAmerican
Alma materHarvard College
Harvard Business School
Occupation(s)CEO of Pershing Square Capital Management
Director of Canadian Pacific Railway
Spouse(s)Karen Ann Herskovitz
(1994–present)
Children3
ParentLawrence Ackman (father)

William A. "Bill" Ackman (born May 11, 1966) is an American hedge fund manager and philanthropist. He is the founder and CEO of Pershing Square Capital Management LP, a hedge fund management company.[2] He considers himself an activist investor.[3][4]

Early life

Ackman was raised in Chappaqua, New York, and is the son of Ronnie I. (née Posner) and Lawrence David Ackman, the chairman of a New York real estate financing firm, Ackman-Ziff Real Estate Group.[5][6] His family is Jewish.[7][8]

Education

In 1988, he received a Bachelor of Arts degree magna cum laude from Harvard College, in History. His thesis was "Scaling the Ivy Wall : the Jewish and Asian American Experience in Harvard Admissions."[9]

In 1992, he received an MBA from Harvard Business School.

Career

In 1992, Ackman founded with a fellow Harvard graduate, David Berkowitz, the investment firm Gotham Partners, which made small investments in public companies.[5] In 1995, Ackman's reputation was enhanced when he partnered with the insurance and real estate firm Leucadia National to bid for Rockefeller Center. Although they did not win the deal, the high-profile nature of the bid caused investors to flock to Gotham Partners, growing it to $500 million in assets by 1998.[5]

In 2002, Ackman began winding down Gotham Partners, which had become entrenched in litigation with various outside shareholders who also owned an interest in the same companies in which Gotham invested.

A 2003 investigation of Gotham's trading practices by New York Attorney General Eliot Spitzer found no wrongdoing.[5]

In August 2013, Ackman’s two-year campaign to transform the department store J.C. Penney came to a sudden end after he decided to step down from the board following an argument with fellow board members.[10]

MBIA activities

In 2002 Ackman began research challenging MBIA's AAA rating despite an ongoing probe of his trading by New York State and federal authorities. He was charged fees for copying 725,000 pages of statements regarding the financial services company in his law firm's compliance with a subpoena.[11] Ackman has called for a division between MBIA's bond insurers' structured finance business and their municipal bond insurance business despite statements from the company that this would not be a viable option.[12]

He argued that the billions of dollars of credit default swap (CDS) protection MBIA had sold against various mortgage backed CDOs was going to be a problem. He also argued that it was not proper for MBIA, which was legally restricted from trading in CDS, to instead do it through a second corporation, LaCrosse Financial Products, which MBIA described as an "orphaned transformer". Ackman bought credit default swaps against MBIA corporate debt as a way to bet that it would crash. When MBIA did, in fact, crash as the financial crisis of 2008 came to a head, he sold the swaps for a large profit. Ackman reportedly attempted to warn regulators, rating agencies and investors about the bond insurers' high risk business models. The story of Ackman's battle with MBIA was turned into a book called Confidence Game (Wiley, 2010) by Bloomberg News reporter Christine Richard.[13] He reported covering his short position on MBIA on January 16, 2009 according to the 13D filed with the SEC.[14]

Pershing Square Capital Management

In 2004, with $54 million in funding from his personal funds and from his former business partner Leucadia National, Ackman started Pershing Square Capital Management.[5] In 2005, Pershing bought a significant share in the fast food chain Wendy's International and successfully pressured it to sell its Tim Hortons doughnut chain. Wendy's spun off Tim Hortons through an IPO in 2006 and raised $670 million for Wendy's investors. After Ackman sold his shares at a substantial profit after a dispute over executive succession, the stock price collapsed, raising criticism that the sale of Wendy's fastest-growing unit left the company in a weaker market position.[5] Ackman blamed the poor performance on their new CEO.[5]

In December 2007 his funds owned a 10% stake in Target Corporation, valued at $4.2 billion[15] through the purchase of stock and derivatives.[16] In December 2010, his funds held a 38% stake in Borders Group and on December 6, 2010, Ackman indicated he would finance a buyout of Barnes & Noble for US$900M.[17] He also won a shareholder proxy battle for Canadian Pacific Railway. Ackman is known to occasionally hire people outside of traditional finance backgrounds; for example, his professionals have included a former fly fishing guide, a former tennis pro and "a man whom he met in a cab."[18]

Defense of J. Ezra Merkin

At a panel meeting discussing Bernie Madoff in January 2009, Ackman defended his long time friend J. Ezra Merkin, stating, "Has Ezra committed a crime? I don’t think so,” "I think [Merkin] is an honest person, an intelligent person, an interesting person, a smart investor."[19][20][21] On April 6, 2009, Merkin was charged with civil fraud by the State of New York, for "secretly steering $2.4 billion in client money into Bernard Madoff's Ponzi fraud without their permission."[22] A settlement was reached on June 2012 requiring Merkin to pay $405 million to victims including the Metropolitan Council on Jewish Poverty.[23]

Herbalife criticism

In December 2012, Ackman issued a research report that was critical of Herbalife's multi-level marketing business model, calling it a pyramid scheme.[24] Ackman disclosed that his hedge fund, Pershing Square Capital Management, sold short the company's shares directly (not with derivatives) starting in May 2012. Ackman stated that he will donate all of his personal profits from the trade to charity, though this does not apply to profits earned for other investors in his hedge fund. Ackman also stated that he is not daytrading the stock and is in the trade for the long term.[25][26] Herbalife's management disputes the premise of the report and its ensuing conclusion, i.e. that the stock is worth $0.[27] Ackman said on CNBC that millions of low-income people around the world have been duped with this scheme and if they knew that less than 1% of participants were able to make hundreds of thousands of dollars, no one would sign up for it. Meantime, Herbalife CEO Michael Johnson disputed claims that he ran a "pyramid scheme" and accused Ackman of "market manipulation." [25]

Ackman's position on Herbalife led to a discussion on live television with Herbalife supporter Carl Icahn for nearly half an hour on CNBC on January 25, 2013.[28][29][30]

On November 22, 2013, Ackman admitted on Bloomberg Television that Pershing Square's open short position in Herbalife was "$400 million to $500 million" in the red, but that he wouldn't be squeezed out and would hold the short "to the end of the earth."[31] In April 2014, Reuters reported that, according to its sources, the FBI is conducting a probe into Herbalife; agents are also reviewing documents obtained from the company's former distributors.[32]

Current and former Members of Congress from both sides of the aisle have weighed in on the debate.[33][34]

In March 2015, U.S. District Judge Dale Fischer, in Los Angeles, dismissed the case about illegal pyramid scheme citing insufficient proof to show that Herbalife conducted fraudulent activities.[35] The same month, news reports indicated Ackman was under investigation by the FBI, and he responded he would not back down from his claims against Herbalife.[36][37]

Philanthropy

Ackman has given to charitable causes such as the Center for Jewish History to preserve Jewish genealogy[38] where he spearheaded a successful effort to retire their $30 million in debt, personally contributing $6.8 million.[39] In a press release, the Ackman family stated, "We want our children to know, not only their living relatives, but those representing past generations for a greater connection to their family and ancestral origin and heritage."[40] This donation made with that of Bruce Berkowitz, founder of Fairholme Capital Management, and Joseph Steinberg, president of Leucadia National, were the three largest individual gifts that the center has ever received.[41]

Ackman's foundation donated $1.1 million to the Innocence Project in New York City and Centurion Ministries in Princeton, N.J. The two groups are dedicated to investigating the cases of people who have been wrongfully convicted.[39]

Ackman is a signatory of The Giving Pledge committing himself to give away at least 50% of his wealth to charitable causes.[42]

Bill and Karen Ackman founded The Pershing Square Foundation in 2006 to support innovation in the areas of economic development, education, healthcare, human rights, arts and urban development. Since it was founded, the Foundation has committed over $160 million in grants and social investments. In 2011, the Ackmans were among The Chronicle of Philanthropy’s "Philanthropy 50" list of the most generous donors.[43]

Recent Pershing Square Foundation’s grants include:

  • A $25 million gift to Signature Theatre to fund the innovative Signature Ticket Initiative.[44]
  • A five-year, $10 million grant to Human Rights Watch in support of the advocacy organization's strategic plan and new initiatives in its Africa and Women's Rights divisions.[45]
  • $25-million to help improve the public-school system in Newark, N.J. When Newark Mayor Cory Booker was seeking additional donors to match a $100-million pledge the Facebook co-founder Mark Zuckerberg was making to Newark’s school system, the Ackmans’ foundation came forward with the biggest commitment yet, next to Mr. Zuckerberg’s.[43] Employees from Pershing Square Capital Management and The Pershing Square Foundation also helped build and pay for a brand a new playground on an empty lot in Newark, New Jersey in partnership with the Greater Newark Housing Partnership, the Urban League of Essex County, organizers from the non-profit KaBOOM! and residents of the Fairmount Heights neighborhood.[46]
  • Grants totaling $6.5-million to the One Acre Fund since 2008, including a partnership with USAID.[47] One Acre Fund is an NGO in Kenya, Rwanda, and Burundi that invests in farmers to generate a permanent gain in farm income to reduce poverty and hunger. Unlike most interventions designed to improve farming incomes in poor settings, One Acre Fund facilitates activities and transactions at each level of the farming value chain, from organizing farmer groups to negotiating with export markets.[48]
  • $1.5-million, three-year grant to Social Finance to introduce social impact bonds to the United States, with Pershing Square acting as a founding partner of Social Finance US.[49][50]
  • $160,000 to the Temple Mount Sifting Project. An archaeological project that is dedicated to archaeological research of debris that came out of an illicit dig on Jerusalem's Temple Mount in Nov. 1999. The project is managed by Bar-Ilan University archaeologists and operated by the Ir-David Foundation.

Personal life

He married Karen Ann Herskovitz, a graduate of Vassar College and a landscape architect, on July 10, 1994.[51] She is a trustee of Human Rights Watch and serves on the board of Friends of the High Line, a charity that transformed a stretch of an old elevated railroad line in New York City into a public park.[39] They have three children.[5]

References

  1. ^ Forbes: The World's Billionaires - William Ackman March 2013
  2. ^ Garber, Amy (2005). "Having words with William Ackman: founder, Pershing Square Capital Management". Nation's Restaurant News.
  3. ^ de Ternay, Guerric. "Bill Ackman: Who Are the Activist Investors? Why Are They Beneficial for Companies". BoostCompanies. Retrieved 27 June 2014.
  4. ^ Enginalev, Ertan. "Is Shareholder Activism the Cure for the Common Stock". Carried Interest. Retrieved 6 May 2015.
  5. ^ a b c d e f g h Minneapolis Star Tribune: "William Ackman - Targeting Target" by CHRIS SERRES January 13, 2008
  6. ^ "Miss Ronnie I. Posner Bride of L.D. Ackman". The New York Times. 7 October 1963.
  7. ^ Jerusalem Post: "Jews take 5 of top 6 spots in annual list of top US givers" By JACOB BERKMAN September 2, 2011
  8. ^ Jewish Philanthropy: "Jewish Philanthropy 2.0" February 23, 2011
  9. ^ Ackman, William Albert. "Scaling the ivy wall : the Jewish and Asian American experience in Harvard admissions". Classify. OCLC Research. Retrieved 21 May 2015.
  10. ^ Phil Wahba and Matthew Goldstein (13 August 2013). "Ackman quits J.C.Penney board, removing distraction". Reuters.
  11. ^ Richard, Christine; Katherine Burton (31 January 2008). "Ackman Devoured 140,000 Pages Challenging MBIA Rating". Bloomberg. Retrieved 22 February 2008.
  12. ^ "MBIA: Call to divide not viable". CNN. 20 February 2008. Retrieved 26 February 2008. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help) [dead link]
  13. ^ Confidence Game by Christine S Richard, Bloomberg News, 2010
  14. ^ market folly (26 January 2009). "Bill Ackman's Pershing Square Files 13D on Borders, Covers MBIA Short". Marketfolly.com. Retrieved 28 July 2014.
  15. ^ "Ackman Boosts Target State". Bloomberg. 24 December 2007.
  16. ^ Bary, Andrew (25 May 2009). "Ackman's Target Campaign Is Off-Target, Barrons, May 25, 2009". Online.barrons.com. Retrieved 28 July 2014.
  17. ^ Jarzemsky, Matt. "UPDATE: Ackman Offers To Finance Borders Buyout Of Barnes & Noble" The Wall Street Journal, December 6, 2010.
  18. ^ "From Hedge Funds to Bonefishing," Forbes, July 16, 2012
  19. ^ Freed, Dan (16 January 2009). "Hedge Fund Peers Come to Merkin's Defense". TheStreet.com.
  20. ^ Kouwe, Zachery (16 January 2009). "Despite Madoff, Merkin Still Has Some Defenders". New York Times.
  21. ^ Cohen, Patricia (16 January 2009). "But Is Madoff Not So Good for the Jews? Discuss Among Yourselves". New York Times.
  22. ^ Graybow, Martha (6 April 2009). "Merkin charged with civil fraud in Madoff case". Reuters.
  23. ^ "Merkin charged with civil fraud in Madoff case". London: Daily Mail. Associated Press. 25 June 2012.
  24. ^ Alden, William (20 December 2012). "Ackman Outlines Bet Against Herbalife". NYT. Retrieved 20 December 2012.
  25. ^ a b http://www.cnbc.com/id/100331139 Video - Ackman Defends Calling Herbalife a ‘Pyramid Scheme’
  26. ^ John Carney (20 December 2012). "There's No Law Against Bill Ackman Talking His Book". Cnbc.com. Retrieved 28 July 2014.
  27. ^ "Ackman triggers Herbalife stock sell-off". FT. 19 December 2012. Retrieved 19 December 2012.
  28. ^ "The Ichan-Ackman Feud". Video.cnbc.com. Retrieved 28 July 2014.
  29. ^ "Men Dislike Each Other, Might Also Have Opinions On A Stock « Dealbreaker: Wall Street Insider – Financial News, Headlines, Commentary and Analysis – Hedge Funds, Private Equity, Banks". Dealbreaker.com. 25 January 2013. Retrieved 28 July 2014.
  30. ^ http://www.vanityfair.com/news/2013/04/bill-ackman-dan-loeb-herbalife
  31. ^ Stevenson, Alexandra (22 November 2013). "Ackman Vows to Take Bet Against Herbalife 'to the End of the Earth'". dealbook.nytimes.com. Retrieved 23 November 2013.
  32. ^ "FBI conducting a probe into Herbalife: sources". April 2014. Retrieved 11 April 2014.
  33. ^ "Congress Should Launch Investigation of Short Sale Market". Roll Call. 20 April 2015. Retrieved 23 June 2015.
  34. ^ "After Big Bet, Hedge Fund Pulls the Levers of Power". New York Times. 9 March 2014. Retrieved 23 June 2015.
  35. ^ "Herbalife Soars as Judge Dismisses Lawsuit (revised) - Analyst Blog: sources". March 2015. Retrieved 23 March 2015.
  36. ^ "Report:The FBI is investigating Bill Ackman over Herbalife". BusinessInsider. 13 March 2015. Retrieved 16 June 2015.
  37. ^ "Bill Ackman Not Backing Down On Herbalife". Wall Street Journal. 13 March 2015. Retrieved 16 June 2015.
  38. ^ The Center For Jewish History: "Single Largest Fund-Raising Effort Since Building was Completed in 2000" January 24, 2011
  39. ^ a b c The Chronicle of Philanthropy: "A Brash Hedge-Fund Manager Applies His Tactics to Philanthropy" By Caroline Preston February 6, 2011
  40. ^ Business Insider: "What The Richest People On Wall Street's Charity Donations Say About Them" by Mamta Badkar and Courtney Comstock November 12, 2010
  41. ^ The Jewish Week: "History Center In The Black" by Tamar Snyder January 25, 2011
  42. ^ Jewish Voice New York: "Jewish Billionaires Join Group Pledging Majority of Their Wealth to Charity" by Sholom Schreiber April 25, 2005
  43. ^ a b Post a Job Philanthropy Careers is your link to top talent. (6 February 2011). "''Chronicle of Philanthropy'': "Philanthropy 50" February 6, 2011". Philanthropy.com. Retrieved 28 July 2014.
  44. ^ ""The Pershing Square Foundation Donates $25 Million to Signature Theatre" January 26, 2012". PR Newswire. Retrieved 28 July 2014.
  45. ^ "Philanthropy News Digest: "Pershing Square Foundation Awards $10 Million to Human Rights Watch" May 28, 2012". Foundationcenter.org. 24 May 2012. Retrieved 28 July 2014.
  46. ^ ""Bill Ackman And Pershing Square Helped Build And Pay For This New Playground In Newark" October 29, 2012". Business Insider. 29 October 2012. Retrieved 28 July 2014.
  47. ^ Post a Job Philanthropy Careers is your link to top talent. (6 February 2011). "Philanthropy News Digest: "One Acre Fund Announces Partnership to Address Poverty, Hunger in Kenya" September 14, 2012". Philanthropy.com. Retrieved 28 July 2014.
  48. ^ Post a Job Philanthropy Careers is your link to top talent. (6 February 2011). "One Acre Fund Program Model". Philanthropy.com. Retrieved 28 July 2014.
  49. ^ ""The Pershing Square Foundation Grants Social Finance, Inc. $1.5 Million for Social Impact Bonds" July 26, 2011". PR Newswire. Retrieved 28 July 2014.
  50. ^ "Social Finance: Our Supporters". Socialfinanceus.org. Retrieved 28 July 2014.
  51. ^ "WEDDINGS; Karen Herskovitz, William Ackman". The New York Times. 10 July 1994.

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