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Harambe

Coordinates: 39°08′41″N 84°30′36″W / 39.144684°N 84.510079°W / 39.144684; -84.510079
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Killing of Harambe
Harambe grabbed and dragged the boy after he fell into the moat; officials feared for the child's life.
DateMay 28, 2016; 8 years ago (2016-05-28)
Time4:00 p.m. EDT
LocationCincinnati Zoo and Botanical Garden, U.S.
Coordinates39°08′41″N 84°30′36″W / 39.144684°N 84.510079°W / 39.144684; -84.510079
CauseGunshot

On May 28, 2016, a three-year-old boy climbed into a gorilla enclosure at the Cincinnati Zoo and Botanical Garden and was grabbed and dragged by Harambe, a 17-year-old Western lowland gorilla. Fearing for the boy's life, a zoo worker shot and killed Harambe. The incident was recorded on video and received broad international coverage and commentary, including controversy over the choice to kill Harambe. A number of primatologists and conservationists wrote later that the zoo had no other choice under the circumstances, and that it highlighted the danger of zoo animals in close proximity to humans and the need for better standards of care.

Harambe

"Harambe" redirects here. For the Kenyan tradition, see Harambee. For other uses, see Harambe (disambiguation).
Harambe
SpeciesWestern lowland gorilla
SexMale
Born(1999-05-27)May 27, 1999
Gladys Porter Zoo, Brownsville, Texas, U.S.
DiedMay 28, 2016(2016-05-28) (aged 17)
Cincinnati Zoo and Botanical Garden, Cincinnati, Ohio, U.S.
Known forCircumstances of death
ResidenceGladys Porter Zoo (1999–2014)
Cincinnati Zoo and Botanical Garden (2014–2016)
Weight440 lb (200 kg)
Named after"Harambe (Working Together for Freedom)", song by Rita Marley

Harambe (/həˈrɑːmbeɪ/ hə-RAHM-bay) was born at the Gladys Porter Zoo in Brownsville, Texas, on May 27, 1999. He was named by Dan Van Coppenolle, a local area counselor who won a naming contest sponsored by the zoo.[1] He came up with the name after listening to the song "Harambe (Working Together for Freedom)" by Rita Marley, widow of Bob Marley.[2] Harambee is a Swahili term for communal labor.[2]

On September 18, 2014, Harambe was transferred to the Cincinnati Zoo and Botanical Garden to learn adult gorilla behavior and join a new social group.[3][4]

Incident

On May 28, 2016, a three-year-old[5] boy visiting the Cincinnati Zoo fell into the moat at the Gorilla World habitat.[6] Witnesses said they heard the child say he wanted to go into the gorilla enclosure.[7] The boy then climbed a 3-foot-tall (0.91 m) fence, crawled through 4 feet (1.2 m) of bushes, and then fell 15 feet (4.6 m) into a moat of shallow water. Zoo officials immediately signaled for the three gorillas in the habitat to return inside, and two females did so. However, the third gorilla, the inquisitive 440-pound (200 kg) male silverback, Harambe, climbed down into the moat to investigate the child splashing in the water.[6]

Over the next 10 minutes, Harambe became increasingly "agitated and disoriented" by the screams of onlookers.[8][9] He dragged the child through the water, occasionally propping him up when he sat, or pushing him down when he stood.[8] Harambe exhibited "strutting" behavior—walking around with legs and arms stiffly extended to appear bigger—a bluffing move, though one with inherent danger should he throw or drag the boy around too roughly.[9] Harambe then carried the boy up a ladder out of the moat onto dry land. Afraid for the boy's life, zoo officials made the decision to kill the gorilla, doing so with a single rifle shot. Cincinnati firefighters said the boy was between Harambe's legs when the shot was fired.[6] Harambe was killed one day after his 17th birthday.[8]

Reactions

The shooting was controversial,[10] with some observers stating that it was unclear whether Harambe was likely to harm the child.[11][12] Others called for the boy's parents or the zoo to be held accountable for the gorilla's death.[13] Director Thane Maynard stated, "The child was being dragged around ... His head was banging on concrete. This was not a gentle thing. The child was at risk."[14][15][16] Police investigated possible criminal charges against the parents, while the parents defended the zoo's actions.[17][18] The boy's mother also became the target of harassment on the Internet and social media.[19] On June 6, 2016, Ohio prosecutor Joe Deters said that the mother would not face any charges of wrongdoing.[20] The zoo was being investigated by the Association of Zoos and Aquariums (AZA), which sets the standards for zoos, and the USDA.[21]

Several vigils took place to honor Harambe's death. As much as 3,400 people had attended a candlelight vigil at Hyde Park in London, United Kingdom.[22] Anthony Seta, an activist who represents the Cincinnati Collective for Animal Rights and Education, organized a vigil at the Cincinnati Zoo to honor the loss of Harambe. In an interview by the press, he emphasized that animals feel and have emotions just like humans do. Seta said, "I'm not here to decide what was right and what was wrong, the fact is that a gorilla who just celebrated his birthday has been killed. I am out here to speak to remember him, because he can't do it."[23]

The incident was recorded by a bystander and uploaded to YouTube, where the video went viral and received global publicity.[24] The incident received criticism from several high-profile celebrities, including Ricky Gervais, Brian May, and Piers Morgan.[25]

The incident sparked debate among biologists and primatologists on whether gorillas and other primates should be held in captivity at all.[9] Primatologist Jane Goodall said that according to the video it seemed Harambe was trying to protect the child.[26] Goodall later issued a longer explanation in an interview with the president of the International Fund for Animal Welfare, concluding that the zoo had no choice but to kill Harambe.[27] She wrote, "It was awful for the child, the parents, Harambe, the zoo, the keepers and the public. But when people come into contact with wild animals, life and death decisions sometimes have to be made."[21] Goodall said that as long as humans and wild animals are kept in close proximity in zoos, there is no way to prevent accidents from happening, but she believed that zoos "with the highest standards of care" could play an important role.[21] Zookeeper Jack Hanna strongly defended the zoo's actions as the "correct decision", noting that a tranquilizer dart might have taken five or ten minutes to take effect and could have aggravated Harambe further.[28] Primatologist Frans de Waal said he saw few options for the zoo: "A gorilla is so immensely strong that even with the best of intentions—and we are not sure that Harambe had those—the child's death was a probable outcome.”[29]

Internet memes

Following the killing, Harambe became subject of multiple viral memes.[30] Vox wrote in November that Harambe has an "undeniable status as 2016’s meme of the year."[31] As People magazine wrote: "Harambe continues to live on in the collective mind of the internet, entering into a rarefied state of venerated meme status."[32] One of the most widespread memes was noted by The Washington Post and New York magazine who observed a proliferation of over-the-top and fake tributes to Harambe. "The idea is, the more intense and more sincere-seeming the expression of mourning is, the funnier the joke."[30][33] For example, the "Dicks out for Harambe" meme can be seen as a fake tribute to an incident that would normally engender sincere mourning.[33][34] As Aja Romano of Vox wrote, "If you were a progressive, the Harambe meme gave you a chance to mock what you viewed as the hypocritical haranguing of the mainstream while avoiding real issues of social justice; and if you were a conservative, the Harambe meme gave you a chance to mock liberal hysteria."[33][34] One meme is a play on conspiracy theories, such as "Bush did Harambe", a reference to the 9/11 conspiracy theories.[35] In Australia, people joked about supporting Harambe's corpse as a write-in candidate on the ballot for the federal election.[36] Public Policy Polling included Harambe in their polling for the U.S. presidential election. The dead gorilla had 5% support in late July 2016 (ahead of Green Party nominee Jill Stein) and 2% in August 2016 (tied with Stein).[37][38] Cincinnati Zoo director Thane Maynard reacted negatively: "We are not amused by the memes, petitions and signs about Harambe. Our zoo family is still healing, and the constant mention of Harambe makes moving forward more difficult for us. We are honoring Harambe by redoubling our gorilla conservation efforts and encouraging others to join us."[39] In late August, the zoo deleted its Twitter account after being daily targeted by trolls mentioning Harambe.[40] However, after two months, the zoo had resumed its account.[41][42]

A self-described underground culture collective known as Otaku Gang released a computer parody fighting game known as Harambe vs. Capcom, with Harambe being able to fight characters from Capcom's Street Fighter franchise. The game itself is a fullgame of M.U.G.E.N, a customizable fighting game.[43][44][45]

American rappers Young Thug and Dumbfoundead each released songs entitled "Harambe". The former did so on his album Jeffery, each track of which is named after one of his "idols", although the song does not reference the gorilla;[46][47] the latter likens the fate of the ape to gang violence and police brutality.[48] Canadian dubstep producer Excision included a song titled "Harambe" on his 2016 album Virus.[49]

On naming contests for newborn baby gorillas, a teenager made a petition to Dublin Zoo to name a newborn baby gorilla as "Harambe Jr." ("Harambetta" if female) after Dublin Zoo announced the newborn baby gorilla by tweet.[50]

On June 16, 2017, satire news site The Onion featured an article of professional wrestler The Big Show being killed by WWE after a seven-year-old boy wandered into a steel cage during a live event in Indianapolis. The article, meant to lampoon the Harambe incident, received criticism for satirizing the murder of an actual person and leading many wrestling fans to legitimately believe Big Show was dead.[51][52]

See also

References

  1. ^ Bigfoot Journeys (27 January 2014). "Announcing the name of a baby lowland gorilla, "Harambe"" – via YouTube.
  2. ^ a b Coppenolle, Dan Van. "The real lesson of Harambe".
  3. ^ Staff, WCPO (14 April 2015). "Cincinnati Zoo gets silverback gorilla Harambe for 'spring training'". Archived from the original on 31 May 2016. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  4. ^ "New Rookie Silverback in Gorilla World for Spring Training - The Cincinnati Zoo & Botanical Garden". 14 April 2015.
  5. ^ "Gorilla killing: 3-year-old boy's mother won't be charged". CNN. 6 June 2016. Retrieved 22 August 2016.
  6. ^ a b c Cameron Knight (June 1, 2016). "How boy got into gorilla enclosure". USA Today. Cincinnati.com. Retrieved June 20, 2016. a 3-year-old boy dropped into the Gorilla World exhibit
  7. ^ John Shammas (May 30, 2016). "Mum of boy who fell into gorilla zoo enclosure blasts critics saying 'accidents happen'". Mirror. Retrieved June 20, 2016.
  8. ^ a b c Carla Hall (May 31, 2016). "Lesson of the Cincinnati gorilla killing: The zoo is not a playground". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved June 20, 2016.
  9. ^ a b c Natalie Angier (June 6, 2016). "Do Gorillas Even Belong in Zoos? Harambe's Death Spurs Debate". The New York Times. Retrieved June 20, 2016.
  10. ^ "Zoo faces backlash over decision to shoot gorilla dead after boy, 4, fell into enclosure". London Evening Standard. May 29, 2016. Retrieved May 30, 2016.
  11. ^ "Killed Gorilla Seemed to Protect Child Who Fell in Enclosure: Witness". NBC News. Retrieved May 30, 2016.
  12. ^ "Gorilla shot dead in zoo: Killing unnecessary, primate expert says - Video". NewsComAu. May 30, 2016. Retrieved May 30, 2016.
  13. ^ Grinberg, Emanuella (2016-05-29). "Critics blame parents, Cincinnati Zoo for gorilla's death". CNN. Retrieved 2016-05-31.
  14. ^ McPhate, Kate (May 30, 2016). "Zoo's Killing of Gorilla Holding a Boy Prompts Outrage". The New York Times. Retrieved May 31, 2016.
  15. ^ Ralph, Ellis; Rose, Rashard (May 29, 2016). "Gorilla shot to save child at Cincinnati zoo". CNN. Retrieved May 30, 2016.
  16. ^ "Gorilla Killed After Child Enters Enclosure at Cincinnati Zoo". The New York Times. May 30, 2016. Retrieved May 30, 2016.
  17. ^ "Gorilla killing at Cincinnati zoo sparks probe into possible criminal charges". Reuters.
  18. ^ John Shammas (1 June 2016). "Astonishing new footage shows gorilla 'PROTECTING' boy and holding his hand before being shot dead". Daily Mirror.
  19. ^ Chai, Carmen. "Harambe's death: Is the parent-shaming over gorilla's death going overboard?".
  20. ^ CNN, Madison Park and Holly Yan. "Gorilla killing: 3-year-old boy's mother won't be charged". {{cite web}}: |last= has generic name (help)
  21. ^ a b c Jane Goodall (June 19, 2016). "Jane Goodall, Azzedine Downes together offer thoughts on tragic Harambe killing". International Fund for Animal Welfare. Retrieved June 20, 2016.
  22. ^ Jeffrey, Yasmin (2016-10-27). "CANDLES OUT FOR HARAMBE 3,400 people to attend candlelit vigil for Harambe the Gorilla in London". The Sun. Retrieved 2017-06-06.
  23. ^ "Vigil called at Cincinnati Zoo in tribute to slain gorilla". The Los Angeles Times. 2016-05-30. Retrieved 2017-06-06.
  24. ^ Cincinnati zoo kills gorilla to save boy who fell into enclosure on YouTube
  25. ^ Chris Graham (May 31, 2016). "Celebrities joins backlash over shooting of Harambe the gorilla - but Ohio zoo defends decision". The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved May 31, 2016.
  26. ^ Goodall, Jane. "Memo RE: Shooting of Harambe at Cincinnati Zoo and Botanical Gardens" (PDF). janegoodall.org. Retrieved 16 June 2016.
  27. ^ Melissa Chan (June 20, 2016). "Jane Goodall Says Zoo Was Right to Kill Harambe the Gorilla". Time. Yahoo! News. Retrieved June 20, 2016.
  28. ^ "Jack Hanna defends Cincinnati Zoo's decision to kill gorilla". USA Today. Retrieved 3 August 2016.
  29. ^ Harambe's Behavior May Have Been Normal Gorilla Play, Michael Greshko. National Geographic, May 31, 2016
  30. ^ a b Abby Ohlheiser (July 27, 2016). "The Internet won't let Harambe rest in peace". The Washington Post. Retrieved August 18, 2016.
  31. ^ Romano, Aja (9 November 2016). "Those claims that Harambe won 20,000 votes are based on nothing".
  32. ^ Heigl, Alex (15 August 2016). "Harambe the Gorilla's Bizarre Eternal Life as an Internet Meme". People.
  33. ^ a b c Brian Feldman (July 27, 2016). "The Dark Internet Humor of Harambe Jokes". New York. Retrieved August 18, 2016.
  34. ^ a b Romano, Aja (17 August 2016). "The Harambe meme is still going strong. And it's about a lot more than a dead gorilla". Vox.
  35. ^ Reigstad, Leif (17 August 2016). "George W. Bush Didn't Kill Harambe, The Internet Is Just Weird". Texas Monthly.
  36. ^ Elle Hunt (July 2, 2016). "Vote for Harambe: Australian election gives second life to Cincinnati zoo gorilla". The Guardian. Retrieved August 18, 2016.
  37. ^ Firozi, Paulina (17 August 2016). "Poll: Jill Stein tied with Harambe, trailing Deez Nutz in Texas". The Hill.
  38. ^ Silverstein, Jason (31 July 2016). "Harambe the dead gorilla would fare well as independent presidential candidate, poll says". Daily News. New York.
  39. ^ Griffin, Andrew (22 August 2016). "Harambe: Stop making memes of our dead gorilla, Cincinnati Zoo pleads". The Independent.
  40. ^ Mark Molloy (August 23, 2016). "Cincinnati Zoo deletes Twitter account over abuse and memes of dead gorilla Harambe". The Daily Telegraph. Associated Press. Retrieved August 23, 2016.
  41. ^ "Cincinnati Zoo rejoins Twitter following Harambe controversy". Fox News. Associated Press. October 21, 2016. Retrieved October 21, 2016.
  42. ^ Sewell, Dan (April 22, 2017). "Premature hippo a happy hit for Ohio zoo after gorilla death". ABC News. Retrieved April 22, 2017. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  43. ^ Hernandez, Patricia. "Someone Put Harambe In Street Fighter, Because Why Not". Kotaku. Retrieved 2016-09-17.
  44. ^ Good, Owen. "Dear God, someone has made Harambe vs. Capcom". Polygon. Retrieved 2016-09-17.
  45. ^ Lemon, Marshall. "Harambe Vs Capcom turns tragic story into a parody game". VG247. Retrieved 2016-09-17.
  46. ^ "Young Thug's New No, My Name Is JEFFERY Mixtape Has Songs for Harambe and Rihanna, and an Incredible Cover: Listen". Pitchfork Media. 26 August 2016. Retrieved 30 August 2016.
  47. ^ "Young Thug writes a song for Harambe, forgets Harambe". The Verge. 26 August 2016. Retrieved 30 August 2016.
  48. ^ Braboy, Mark (August 19, 2016). "Dumbfoundead Addresses These Turbulent Times In "Harambe"". Retrieved September 11, 2016.
  49. ^ Meadow, Matthew (2016-10-25). "Excision releases his third studio album "Virus"". Your EDM. Retrieved 2016-11-01.
  50. ^ "Teen petitions Dublin Zoo to name baby gorilla Harambe Jr". The Daily Dot. 2016-07-29. Retrieved 2017-01-03.
  51. ^ "WWE Staff Forced To Shoot Aggressive Wrestler After Child Climbs Into Steel Cage". theonion.com. 16 June 2017. Retrieved 13 July 2017.
  52. ^ "WWE News: Parody news website under fire for article about WWE killing Big Show". sportskeeda.com. 19 June 2017. Retrieved 13 July 2017.
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