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Venezuelan Mexicans

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Venezuelan Mexicans
venezolano-mexicanos
Venezuelan cuisine in Mexico City
Total population
15,959 Venezuela-born residents (2015)[1]
Religion
Roman Catholicism
Related ethnic groups
other Venezuelans

Venezuelan Mexicans (Spanish: venezolano-mexicanos) are Mexicans who trace their heritage, or part of their heritage, to the nation of Venezuela. As of 2015, Venezuelans were the fifth largest immigrant group in Mexico, following Americans, Guatemalans, Spaniards and Colombians.[2]

History

There has been a Venezuelan presence in Mexico since at least 1895, when the National Census counted 35 residents.[3] Both countries share the Spanish language; their historical origins are common (part of the Spanish Empire). In the 1950s, there was a notable group of leftist political exiles fleeing from the dictatorship of General Marcos Pérez Jiménez.[citation needed] The number of Venezuelan Mexicans made a small peak in the 1980s and began to decline into the 1990s.[3] Going into the 2000s, the number of Venezuelan Mexicans increased significantly.[3] According to the 2010 Mexican census, there were more than 10,000 Venezuelan Mexicans residing in Mexico.[4]

In 2000, the Venezuelan presence in Mexico was not large enough to be in the ten largest immigrant groups.[2] In the fifteen years up to 2015 there was a 517% growth in the community, significantly surpassing the growth of Colombians (282%) and Argentines (218%).[2]

Bolivarian diaspora

Main article: Bolivarian diaspora
*Broken line represents simulated data
Source: INEGI[3][4]

The most recent influx of immigrants has resulted from the Bolivarian diaspora, a diaspora occurring due to the adverse effects of the Hugo Chávez and his Bolivarian Revolution in Venezuela. Compared to the 2000 Census, there has been an increase from the 2,823 Venezuelan Mexicans in 2000 to 10,063 in 2010, a 357% increase of Venezuelan-born individuals living in Mexico.[3]

Mexico granted 975 Venezuelans permanent identification cards in the first 5 months of 2014 alone, a number that doubled that of Venezuelans granted ID cards altogether in 2013 and a number that would have represented 35% of all Venezuelan Mexicans in Mexico in the year 2000.[5][3]

During June 2016, Venezuelans surpassed Americans (historically, first) for number of new work visas granted.[6] The 1,183 visas granted in June were a 20% increase from the 981 granted in May.[6] The main destinations are Mexico City, Nuevo León and Tabasco (due to the state's petroleum industry).[6]

As of May 2017, Venezuelans were first in the number of permanent residency cards granted and the number of visas granted to "visiters for humanitarian reasons" (Tarjetas de Visitantes por Razones Humanitarias).[7] In the first six months of 2017, 1,420 Venezuelans had sought asylum in Mexico.[8] Resulting in Venezuelans making up 21% of the total asylum seekers in Mexico, significantly up from the 4% of total asylum seekers in the first half of 2016.[8]

See also

References

  1. ^ "Table 16: Total migrant stock at mid-year by origin and by major area, region, country or area of destination, 2015". United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division. Retrieved 20 March 2016.
  2. ^ a b c Solera, Claudia. "Venezolanos, a la búsqueda de mejor vida". Excélsior. Retrieved 27 October 2016.
  3. ^ a b c d e f "Estadísticas Históricas de México" (PDF). National Institute of Statistics and Geography. pp. 83, 86. Retrieved 2 June 2015.
  4. ^ a b "Censo de Población y Vivienda 2010" (PDF). National Institute of Statistics and Geography. Retrieved 3 June 2015.
  5. ^ Symmes Cobb, Julia; Garcia Rawlins, Carlos (15 October 2014). "Economic crisis, political strife drive Venezuela brain-drain". Reuters. Retrieved 15 October 2014.
  6. ^ a b c Flores, Zenyazen. "Venezolanos desplazan a EU con más permisos para trabajar en México". El Financiero. Retrieved 5 August 2016.
  7. ^ Vega, Javier. "Por la crisis, llegan a México más venezolanos expulsados". Milenio (in Spanish). Retrieved 29 June 2017.
  8. ^ a b Eschenbacher, Stefanie. "Venezuelan asylum seekers in Mexico surge as crisis deepens". Reuters.
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