DNA Doe Project
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Formation | 2017 |
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Founder | Colleen Fitzpatrick (Co-Executive Director), Margaret Press (Co-Founder) |
Purpose | Body identification |
Headquarters | Sebastopol, California |
Location |
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Volunteers | 40+ |
Website | Official website |
DNA Doe Project (AKA DNA Doe Project, Inc. or DDP) is an American non-profit volunteer organization formed to identify unidentified deceased persons (commonly known as John Doe or Jane Doe) using forensic genealogy. Volunteers identify victims of automobile accidents, homicide, unusual circumstances, and people who committed suicide under an alias.[1] The group was founded in 2017 by Colleen Fitzpatrick and Margaret Press.
History
Colleen Fitzpatrick worked as a nuclear physicist with NASA and the US Department of Defense.[2] She was the founder of IdentiFinders, an organization which used Y-chromosomal testing to attempt to identify male killers in unsolved homicides.[2] IdentiFinders was also responsible for solving the identity of the unknown child on the Titanic.[3]
Margaret Press was a novelist with previous careers in computer programming, speech, and language consulting.[4] She retired from computer programming in 2015 and relocated from Salem, Massachusetts to Sebastopol, California to live near family.[4] As a hobby, Press began pursuing genealogy in 2007; helping friends and acquaintances find their loved ones as well as helping adoptees find their biological parents.[4] After reading Sue Grafton's novel A” Is for Alibi, about a Jane Doe, Margaret Press planned to use family trees to identify unidentified homicide victims.[2]
In 2017 Fitzpatrick, Press and a small group of volunteers formed the volunteer-based, nonprofit DNA Doe Project (DDP) a 501(c)(3) non-profit organisation based in Sebastopol, California.[4] The two, along with many volunteers, use genealogy in conjunction with DNA from unidentified victims to build family trees through GEDmatch, a free public DNA database. [2]
In March 2018 DNA Doe Project announced it had solved its first case - the "Buckskin Girl."[5]
Procedure
Typical steps
Typically, each genetic genealogy case at the DNA Doe Project undergoes the following steps:
- Acceptance of case from law enforcement
- Extraction of DNA sample (sometimes repeated if the first sample proves too degraded for analysis)
- Fundraising for DNA sequencing
- Sequencing of DNA sample
- Bioinformatics "translates" the DNA sequencing into a digital data file that is compatible with GEDmatch
- Uploading DNA data file to GEDmatch
- Genealogical analysis using GEDmatch and other tools
- Tentative identification of the Doe
- Law enforcement verifies identity, typically using fingerprints or a DNA sample provided by an immediate relative
Difficulties
Some of the difficulties the DNA Doe project encountered when using genetic genealogy to identify bodies were:[6]
- Adoptions into the family tree. Fitzpatrick described this as having to “solve a mystery to solve a mystery,”
- Unusual ethnicities. For example in the Apache Junction Jane Doe and Lyle Stevik cases.
- Recent immigration to the United States. For example Philadelphia Jane Doe appeared to have ancestors from Australia and Malta.
- Intermarriage between families (endogamy). For example in the “Belle in the Well” and Lyle Stevik cases.
- The small amounts of DNA available - especially with difficult bone extractions. This could need multiple extractions.
- Degraded DNA. For example in the Joseph Newton Chandler III case.
Cases
Solved cases
Marcia Lenore Sossoman King, AKA "Buckskin Girl"
In 1981, Police found a murder victim in a ditch in Troy, Ohio. Because the victim, a female, was found wearing a distinctive buckskin coat, she was given the name “Buckskin Girl” as the case continued. For decades, authorities sought the woman’s identity, but to no avail.[5][7]
At the 2017 American Academy of Forensic Sciences conference, Elizabeth Murray, an Ohio forensic anthropologist, met the founders of the DNA Doe Project and discussed what genetic genealogy techniques could do for the case. The victim’s body had long since been buried, but a vial of blood had been held in a lab for 37 years. The vial had not been refrigerated, however, leaving the DNA highly degraded, with only 50%-75% of markers remaining. With the help of Greg Magoon, a senior researcher at Aerodyne Research, they were able to upload this DNA data to GEDmatch.[5][7]
From here, the DNA Doe Project was able to identify the "Buckskin Girl" thanks to a very close DNA match (a first cousin once removed).[8] Her real name was Marcia Lenore Sossoman King from Arkansas, age 21 at the time of her death. From here, DNA Doe Project volunteers provided law enforcement with the name of a close relative of King’s who lived in Florida. This relative volunteered a DNA sample to verify King’s identity. This sample proved to be a match. After 37 years, her mother was still living and had refused to move or change her phone number in hopes that her daughter might return.[5][7]
Lyle Stevik
In September 2001, a man was found to have hanged himself in a motel in Amanda Park, Washington. The man had checked in as “Lyle Stevik,” the name of a character in a Joyce Carol Oates novel. The Gray Harbor County Sheriff’s Office spent countless hours in search of the man’s true identity, but to no avail.[9][10][11][12]
In 2018, the DNA Doe Project adopted the case at the request of the sheriff’s Office. In order to raise the funds required to complete the necessary DNA tests, the DDP set up its first-ever “Doe Fund Me” campaign on his behalf. The campaign was a quick success, as by this time “Lyle” had gained Internet fame among websleuths. Adequate funds were raised within 24 hours. By 22 March 2018, DDP volunteers had obtained his DNA results and began analyzing.[9][10][11][12]
After about 20 volunteers poured hundreds of hours into the case, a candidate was found in a 25-year-old young man from California. Authorities reached out to the man’s family, who were able to conclusively verify his identity using fingerprint samples they had from earlier years. The family has requested that Lyle’s true identity not be released.[9][10][11][12]
Robert Ivan Nichols, AKA Joseph Newton Chandler III
Joseph Newton Chandler III, a resident of Eastlake, Ohio, committed suicide in his apartment on 24 July 2002. As authorities sought to identify his heirs, they discovered that his name and identity were fake. The real Joseph Newton Chandler III had died in a Sherman, Texas car accident at age eight on 21 December 1945. The suicide victim had stolen the boy’s identity in 1978, while living in South Dakota. Authorities began a search for the man’s real name.[13][14][15][16][17]
Extracting DNA proved difficult, as the suicide victim’s remains had been cremated. In the year 2000, however, two years before his death, the victim had had a tissue sample taken for a medical treatment. Authorities obtained this sample, but genetic analysis of the sample using traditional law enforcement techniques yielded few clues. In 2016, authorities reached out to IdentiFinders, a company run by Dr. Colleen Fitzpatrick, for help. In examining the man’s Y-DNA signature, they determined that his true last name was likely “Nicholas” or some variation.[13][15][14][16][17]
Chandler became the first case for the DDP. They analyzed the autosomal DNA[5] of the highly degraded sample of the man’s DNA, which had been stored in paraffin for about 15 years. Despite the obstacles, and after over 2,500 hours of work,[2] the DDP researchers were able to conclusively determine in June 2018[15] that Joseph Newton Chandler III, was actually Robert Ivan Nichols, son of Silas and Alpha Nichols of New Albany, Indiana. This identification was verified when Robert’s son, Phillip Nichols, volunteered a DNA sample, which proved to be a match.[13][15][14][16][17]
"Alfred Jake Fuller"
A man aged 40 to 46 was discovered in a hotel room, not long after his death on May 2, 2014, which occurred due to natural causes.[18] He registered under the name "Alfred Jake Fuller" and provided a birth date of November 8, 1970. No records were found to match this information, leading investigators to speculate he used an alias. The man was estimated to be 5'10" at a weight of 255 pounds. He wore a short goatee and had curly brown hair. A blue "discoloration was on the left side of his face and a large nevus was in between his shoulders. His personal items included a prepaid Visa card and a "fugitive recovery agent" document. He was fully clothed and wore two pieces of jewelry on his neck.[19][6][20] In 2018 the DNA Doe Project took on his case and identified him. His family requested for his identity to remain withheld.[21]
Tracey Hobson
The extensively decomposed remains of a young female were found at the side of a freeway in the Santa Ana Canyon in Anaheim, Orange County on August 30, 1987. The victim's body had almost completely skeletonized at the time of discovery, although some fragments of soft tissue were still present upon the remains. The victim—originally called "Anaheim Jane Doe" and also known as Jane Doe 87-04092 EL—was a slender young woman who had medium length light hair, estimated to have been between 15 and 19 years old when she died,[22] and was speculated to have been a teenage runaway.[23] Her hands had been cut off by her killer or killers, likely as a way to prevent identification via fingerprinting.[24]
At the crime scene, enough hair was found upon and near the body to determine that the decedent had either blond or light brown hair, although no personal belongings beyond a red handkerchief were discovered with her remains. Her skull was forensically reconstructed by Shannon Collis in hopes of identifying the body, determining the decedent also had high cheekbones. One of her front teeth was slightly chipped, while three of her other teeth had visible cavities, and six molars were missing. She was estimated to be between five feet one to five feet four inches in height. It is believed that the victim had died approximately six weeks before her body was discovered, meaning she likely died in July 1987. She may possibly have died by repeated stab wounds to her chest area, as incisive damage to two of her ribs suggested.[25] Therefore, her death was ruled as a definite homicide.[26][27][28][29][30]
In 2018, the identity of Anaheim Jane Doe was established by the DNA Doe Project,[31] although due to the fact the case was an ongoing homicide investigation, her identity was not released to the media until January 2019. The decedent was 20-year-old resident of Anaheim named Tracey Coreen Hobson.[24][32][33][6]
Dana Lynn Dodd, AKA "Lavender Doe"
On October 29, 2006, the badly burned body of a female aged 17 to 25 was discovered in Kilgore, Texas. The victim's cause of death remained undetermined, yet the manner of death was ruled a homicide due to the fact that the body was set on fire deliberately and the victim had been raped.[34] A longterm person of interest in the case confessed to the murder in August of 2018, leading him to be charged with her death.[35]
The DNA Doe Project took the case in 2018.[36][37] In January, it was announced that the organization had made a tentative identification in the case, which would not be released until the suspect's trial concluded.[38] Despite this, Dodd's identity was released on February 11, 2019. She was 21 and last seen in Jacksonville, Florida.[39]
Ongoing cases
Following is a chart of the DNA Doe Project's ongoing cases, along with an indication of where each case is in the process:
Name | Date Remains were Found | Place Remains were Found | Status |
---|---|---|---|
Sheep Flats Jane Doe / Washoe County Jane Doe | 17 July 1982 | Near Lake Tahoe, Washoe County, Nevada | Tentatively identified[40][41][42][2][6] |
John Clinton Doe / Rock County John Doe[43] | 26 November 1995 | Bradford Township, Rock County, Wisconsin | Tentatively identified[37][44] |
Belle in the Well / Chesapeake Jane Doe[5] | 22 April 1981 | Windsor Township, Lawrence County, Ohio | Genealogical analysis[45][46] |
Mill Creek Shed Man[5] | 12 January 2015 | Mill Creek, Snohomish County, Washington | Genealogical analysis[47][48] |
Butler County Jane Doe[49] | 7 March 2015 | West Chester, Butler County, Ohio | Genealogical analysis[37] |
Ventura County Jane Doe[50] | 18 July 1980 | Westlake, Ventura County, California | Genealogical analysis[37][51] |
St. Tammany Parish John Doe | 29 July 2016 | St Tammany Parish, Louisiana | Genealogical analysis[37][52] |
Annie Doe[53] | 19 August 1971 | Cave Junction, Josephine County, Oregon | Genealogical analysis[37][54][55] |
Apache Junction Jane Doe[56] | 6 August 1992 | Apache Junction, Pinal County, Arizona | Genealogical analysis[57] |
Kings County Jane Doe | 13 May 2015 | Corcoran, Kings County, California | Genealogical analysis[58] |
Philadelphia Jane Doe | 10 December 2017 | Philadelphia, Pennsylvania | Genealogical analysis[37][59] |
Phoenix Jane Doe | 4 October 1997 | Phoenix, Arizona | Genealogical analysis[37][60] |
Julie Doe | 25 September 1988 | Clermont, Lake County, Florida | Genealogical analysis[37][61] |
New Britain Jane Doe[62] | 11 October 1991 | New Britain, Hartford County, Connecticut | Genealogical analysis[37][63] |
Kern County Jane Doe[50] | 14 July 1980 | Kern County, California | Sequencing[37][64] |
Simpson County Jane Doe | 9 October 2001 | Franklin, Kentucky | Sequencing[37][65] |
Wayne County Jane Doe / Harper Jane Doe | 10 February 1987 | Detroit, Michigan | Sequencing[37][66] |
Cumberland County Jane Doe | 22 May 2015 | Portland, Maine | Sequencing[37][67] |
Lime Lady | 18 April 1980 | Jones, Oklahoma | Sequencing[37] |
Flathead County John Doe / Marion John Doe | 26 October 2003 | Marion, Flathead County, Montana | Sequencing[37][68] |
Mecklenberg County Jane Doe | 17 March 2011 | Charlotte, Mecklenberg County, North Carolina | Sequencing[37][69] |
Kingsport John Doe | 14 June 2003 | Dandridge, Jefferson County, Tennessee | Sequencing[37][70] |
Pillar Point Doe / San Mateo County Doe | 26 November 1983 | Half Moon Bay, California | Sequencing[71] |
Rebel Ray | 3 October 1988 | Williamson County, Texas | Extraction complete[37][72] |
Corona Girl | 25 Sep 1989 | Williamson County, Texas | Extraction complete[37][73] |
Alachua County John Doe | 13 February 1979 | Alachua County, Florida | Enrichment[37][74] |
Orange Socks | 31 October 1979 | Georgetown, Williamson County, Texas | Extraction[37][75] |
Birchwood John Doe | 28 August 2006 | Hamilton County, Tennessee | Extraction[37][76] |
Plainview Jane Doe | 16 February 1982 | near Plainview, Texas | Extraction[37][77] |
Beckler River Road Jane Doe[78] | 10 Oct 2009 | Skykomish, Washington | Stalled (insufficient/contaminated DNA)[37] |
Sultan Basin Road John Doe[79] | 10 April 2007 | Sultan, Washington | Stalled (insufficient/contaminated DNA)[37] |
References
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