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Chad Wolf

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This article is about the U.S. government official. For the rock musician, see Carolina Liar.

Chad Wolf
Official portrait, 2017
Official portrait, 2017
Acting United States Secretary of Homeland Security
De facto, unlawful
In office
November 13, 2019 – January 11, 2021[1]
PresidentDonald Trump
DeputyKen Cuccinelli (acting)
Preceded byKevin McAleenan (acting)
Succeeded byPete Gaynor (acting)
1st Under Secretary of Homeland Security for Strategy, Policy, and Plans
Incumbent
Assumed office
November 13, 2019
Acting: February 8, 2019 – November 13, 2019
PresidentDonald Trump
Preceded byJames D. Nealon (acting)
2nd Assistant Secretary of Homeland Security for Strategy, Plans, Analysis, and Risk
In office
February 8, 2019 – November 13, 2019
PresidentDonald Trump
Preceded byBrodi Kotila
Succeeded byVacant
Chief of Staff to the United States Secretary of Homeland Security
In office
July 31, 2017 – February 8, 2019
SecretaryKirstjen Nielsen
Preceded byKirstjen Nielsen
Succeeded byMiles Taylor
Personal details
Born
Chad Fredrick Wolf

1976 (age 47–48)[2]
Jackson, Mississippi, U.S.[2]
Political partyRepublican
SpouseHope Wolf[3]
Children2
EducationCollin College
Southern Methodist University (BA)
Villanova University (GrCert)

Chad Fredrick Wolf (born 1976) is an American government official who is the Under Secretary of Homeland Security for Strategy, Policy, and Plans since 2019. He was named the acting United States secretary of homeland security in November 2019 but, the appointment was ruled unlawful in November 2020, he later submitted his resignation as acting secretary, but not as under secretary, on January 11, 2021.[4]

A member of the Republican Party, Wolf previously served in several positions in the Department of Homeland Security (DHS), including as chief of staff of the Transportation Security Administration (TSA) and chief of staff to DHS secretary Kirstjen Nielsen. From 2005 to 2016, he was a lobbyist, helping clients secure contracts from TSA.

Wolf was an architect of the Trump administration family separation policy in 2018, and was prominently involved in the deployment of federal law enforcement forces in Portland and elsewhere beginning in July 2020. In September 2020, he was accused of having ordered staff to stop reporting on threats from Russia.[5][6]

In November 2020, District Judge Nicholas Garaufis ruled Wolf's appointment unlawful,[7][8] and overturned a set of Wolf's orders as "not an exercise of legal authority".[9][8][10][7]

Education and early career

Chad was born to Cinda Thompson Wolf in Jackson, Mississippi.[11] He grew up in Plano, Texas.[12] He graduated from Plano East Senior High School and then attended Collin College on a tennis scholarship.[13] He then transferred to Southern Methodist University, where he earned a B.A. in history.[13][14][15]

Wolf worked as a staffer for Republican Senators Phil Gramm, Kay Bailey Hutchison, and then Chuck Hagel, for whom he worked for two and a half years.[13][15] From 2002 to 2005, he worked in the Transportation Security Administration (TSA), becoming Assistant Administrator for Transportation Security Policy in 2005.[14][15] It was during this time he first worked with Kirstjen Nielsen.[16]

Lobbying career

From October 2005 to 2016, Wolf was Vice President and Senior Director at Wexler & Walker,[14][15] a now defunct lobbying firm.[17][18][12] He helped clients obtain contracts from the TSA, his previous employer.[19]

In 2013 he received a master's certificate in government contract management from Villanova University.[14]

Return to government

In March 2017 Wolf became the Transportation Security Administration's chief of staff.[12][14] He served in that position for four months, then became DHS Deputy Chief of Staff and the top aide to Deputy Secretary Elaine Duke.[16]

In 2018 Wolf became DHS's chief of staff under Secretary Kirstjen Nielsen.[14] While working for Nielsen, he was an early architect of the family separation policy.[17] He later testified to Congress that his function was to provide information to Nielsen and "not to determine whether it was the right or wrong policy",[17] though he agreed with the decision to end the policy.[20] He also testified that he was not involved in the initial development of the policy by the Executive Office of the President and the Attorney General; this statement was disputed based on internal documents.[21]

Wolf then became Assistant Secretary of Homeland Security for Strategy, Plans, Analysis & Risk,[14] a Senior Executive Service position not subject to Senate confirmation.[22] He concurrently served as Acting Under Secretary of Homeland Security for Strategy, Policy, and Plans.[14] He was nominated in February 2019 to serve permanently in the Under Secretary role,[23] and his confirmation hearing was held that June.[17] Senator Jacky Rosen (D) delayed the nomination to protest poor conditions for children at DHS facilities.[24]

Acting Secretary of Homeland Security

Wolf began serving as Acting Secretary of Homeland Security in November 2019. In November 2020, a federal court ruled his appointment unlawful and overturned a set of his orders as lacking "legal authority".[8] Wolf resigned on January 11, 2021.[25]

Appointment

Wolf is sworn in as Under Secretary of Homeland Security for Strategy, Policy, and Plans with his family in 2019.

Wolf's appointment as Acting Secretary of Homeland Security came after Kevin McAleenan's departure was announced on November 1, 2019.[26] At the time, he was not considered the first choice for the job, and it has been reported that he was satisfied with his policy job at the time, but others favored by Trump such as Ken Cuccinelli and Mark Morgan were ineligible for the Acting Secretary position.[16]

The fact that he had previously lobbied for the National Association of Software and Services Companies, which was in favor of the H-1B visa program, led to criticism from groups favoring more restrictive immigration policies.[23][27] But the Trump administration defended his record[17] and privately asked Republican senators not to oppose his appointment.[28]

The administration waited for Wolf's confirmation as Under Secretary before appointing him Acting Secretary[29] to avoid appointing him as a principal officer from a non-Senate-confirmed position, which many scholars and former government officials have argued is unconstitutional.[26][30][31] DHS then had to move the Under Secretary position earlier in the line of succession, because the 210-day period in which an acting official was eligible to be named without a pending permanent nomination had expired. This, in turn, mandated that the Secretary's duties had to be performed by the department's senior-most confirmed official.[29][32]

Wolf was confirmed as Under Secretary on November 13, 2019, on a 54–41 vote.[33] He was sworn in as Acting Secretary the same day.[34]

Dispute

Main article: 2019–2020 Department of Homeland Security appointment disputes

On November 15, 2019, House Democrats Bennie Thompson and Carolyn Maloney requested that the Comptroller General of the United States review the legality of Wolf's appointment on the basis that former Acting Secretary Kevin McAleenan did not have authority to change the department's line of succession, asserting that former Secretary Nielsen had not properly placed McAleenan first in the line of succession before resigning and that McAleenan's change came after the 210-day limit to his authority had expired.[20][35][36]

In July 2020, University of Michigan law professor Nina Mendelson, an expert on federal vacancies, stated that an acting secretary can serve for only 210 days following a vacancy left by a Senate-confirmed officeholder. The last Senate-confirmed DHS Secretary, Kirstjen Nielsen, stepped down on April 10, 2019, 469 days earlier.[37]

On August 14, 2020, the Government Accountability Office released a finding that Wolf had become Acting Secretary improperly,[38] noting that:

Upon Secretary Kirstjen Nielsen's resignation on April 10, 2019, the official who assumed the title of Acting Secretary had not been designated in the order of succession to serve upon the Secretary's resignation. Because the incorrect official assumed the title of Acting Secretary at that time, subsequent amendments to the order of succession made by that official were invalid and officials who assumed their positions under such amendments, including Chad Wolf and Kenneth Cuccinelli, were named by reference to an invalid order of succession.[10]

Under the valid line of succession, the acting secretary would be Federal Emergency Management Agency Administrator Pete Gaynor.[39]

On September 11, 2020, a federal judge ruled that Wolf was likely unlawfully serving as acting secretary of the Department of Homeland Security. On that basis, the court issued an order barring the enforcement of rules Wolf had created.[40][41]

On November 14, 2020, another federal judge ruled that Wolf is not lawfully serving as acting secretary of Department of Homeland Security. On that basis, the court invalidated his suspension of DACA.[42][43][44]

Nomination to permanent appointment

On August 24, 2020, Trump announced that he would nominate Wolf as the permanent Secretary of Homeland Security.[38][45][10] Wolf was expected to continue to serve as Acting Secretary during the confirmation process, as his acting appointment was made under the Homeland Security Act of 2002 and not the Federal Vacancies Reform Act of 1998, which prevents most nominees from simultaneously acting in the same position.[46][47] On September 10, 2020, the nomination was formally submitted to the Senate.[48] On September 23, 2020, Wolf appeared before the Senate Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs.[49] The committee reported his nomination favorably on September 30, but the full Senate took no further action before the end of the 116th Congress.[50]

On January 3, 2021, Wolf's nomination was resubmitted to the 117th Congress, but on January 6, it was formally withdrawn,[51][52] reportedly around one hour after Wolf called upon Trump to denounce the 2021 storming of the United States Capitol.[53][54]

Tenure

Wolf briefs the White House press corps on the COVID-19 pandemic in March 2020

Wolf maintained a low public profile during the early part of his term, prior to his prominent involvement in the deployment of federal law enforcement forces in Portland, Oregon, and elsewhere beginning in July 2020.[16]

In 2017, the U.S. Department of Homeland Security awarded $6,050,000 in contracts to Berkeley Research Group, where Wolf’s wife, Hope Wolf, is an executive, according to a report by NBC News, raising new questions about a potential conflict of interest at the same time Wolf sought Senate confirmation to officially lead the agency. Berkeley Research Group did not receive any DHS contracts until Wolf started at the agency as chief of staff for the Transportation Security Administration.[55]

In February 2020, Wolf announced that the Trump administration was revoking New York residents' ability to participate in Global Entry and other Trusted Traveler programs, in response to the state's "sanctuary" immigration policies, which DHS said jeopardized the government's ability to effectively vet travelers.[56][57][58] The move prompted the state of New York to sue the administration.[57] In July 2020, lawyers for the Trump administration informed the court that DHS officials had made false statements to justify excluding New York residents from the Trusted Traveler programs, admitting the inaccuracies "undermine a central argument" in their case.[59] New York subsequently changed its law that had prevented sharing of information with federal law enforcement officers to expressly allow for information-sharing of New York Department of Motor Vehicles records "as necessary for an individual seeking acceptance into a trusted traveler program, or to facilitate vehicle imports and/or exports", and the DHS then removed the Global Entry restrictions.[60]

2020 deployment of federal forces

In July 2020, Wolf sent federal agents dressed in camouflage and tactical gear to Portland, Oregon, where they used tear gas on protesters.[2][61] Agents also used unmarked vehicles to detain and remove protesters, and the protesters later produced several videos showing that the agents did not identify themselves as law enforcement, although DHS said the agents identified themselves.[62][63] Legal observers called this "abduction" and "kidnapping".[64] Oregon Governor Kate Brown called the actions an "abuse of power" and accused Wolf of "provoking confrontation for political purposes".[61] Portland Mayor Ted Wheeler called it "an attack on our democracy".[61] Wolf alleged the protesters were a "violent mob" and "violent anarchists".[61][65][66] The New York Times reported that an internal DHS memo presented to Wolf before the deployment said the federal agents in question had not been specifically trained in riot control or mass demonstrations.[67] Wolf was criticized for taking unauthorized photographs inside the courthouse, contrary to local and national court policy.[68]

Tom Ridge, the first head of DHS, sharply criticized the deployment, saying, "The department was established to protect America from the ever-present threat of global terrorism. It was not established to be the president's personal militia."[69] Ridge, the former governor of Pennsylvania, added that it would be a "cold day in hell" before he would have consented as a governor to such a deployment.[69]

In a July 21 press conference, Wolf defended the deployment of officers in unmarked military-style uniforms, saying they had identifying numbers on their shoulders.[70] But former Trump administration DHS spokesman David Lapan disputed that the officers are easy to identify, saying, "People like me, who served a long time, have to look very long and hard to figure out who these people are. For the average citizen, it looks like the military is being used to suppress American citizens. Even if that's not the case, and this is law enforcement, it creates the impression that the military is being used."[69] In a Fox News interview on the same day, Wolf claimed it was necessary for the federal government to "proactively arrest individuals".[71]

Later events

In July 2020, The Washington Post reported that Trump had told his aides that he liked Wolf more than his predecessors because his predecessors pushed back on Trump's expansive view of federal power.[72] Wolf was also reported to have a good relationship with White House advisor Stephen Miller.[16]

According to a whistleblower complaint released in September 2020, Wolf ordered DHS's intelligence branch to stop producing intelligence reports on Russian interference in the 2020 election and not to disseminate those reports because they "made the president look bad".[73] In September 2020, he was publicly accused of having ordered staff to stop reporting on threats from Russia.[5][6] In spring 2020, Wolf, communicating through White House national security adviser Robert C. O’Brien, allegedly ordered the former head of DHS intelligence Brian Murphy to focus his reports on Iran and China. He also allegedly told Murphy not to expose the Russian origins of an anti-Biden disinformation campaign because the exposure "made the president look bad". Murphy was demoted in August to DHS management division and filed a whistle-blower complaint on September 8, which was released publicly the next day.[74]

In September 2020, Wolf defied a subpoena to testify before the House Committee on Homeland Security.[75]

In October 2020, Wolf sent Twitter CEO Jack Dorsey a letter calling on him to "commit to never again censoring content" on Twitter.[76]

On January 11, 2021, Wolf resigned following the January 6 attack on the capitol, to take effect that evening, with FEMA Administrator Pete Gaynor as his replacement.[77][4] However, he remained in his Under Secretary position.[78] In his resignation letter, he cited "recent events, including the ongoing and meritless court rulings regarding the validity of my authority as Acting Secretary.”[4]

Personal life

Wolf is married to Hope Wolf and has two sons.[79]

References

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  3. ^ Durkee, Alison (September 23, 2020). "Report: Chad Wolf's Wife Works At Firm That Received $6 Million In DHS Contracts". Forbes.
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  77. ^ "The Latest: Acting Homeland Security chief Wolf is resigning". Associated Press. January 11, 2021. Retrieved January 11, 2021.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
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  79. ^ "Chad Wolf". Wexler & Walker. Archived from the original on September 21, 2016. Retrieved October 22, 2019.
Political offices
Preceded by Under Secretary of Homeland Security for Strategy, Policy, and Plans
2019–2021 		Succeeded by
Preceded by United States Secretary of Homeland Security
Acting
2019–2021 		Succeeded by
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chad_Wolf&oldid=999857995"