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== 'Watts Up With That?' blog ==
== 'Watts Up With That?' blog ==
Watts established the blog, ''[[Watts Up With That]]?'' (WUWT) in 2006. The blog focuses on the [[global warming controversy]], and in particular on Watts's skepticism about the role of humans in global warming.<ref name="pearce">{{cite book | author=[[Fred Pearce|Pearce, Fred]] | title=The Climate Files: The Battle for the Truth about Global Warming | year=2010 | publisher=[[Guardian Books]] | isbn=0852652291 | page=XVI}}</ref> In a book published in 2013, [[climatologist]] [[Michael E. Mann]] stated that Watts' blog had "overtaken climateaudit as the leading climate change denial blog."<ref>[https://books.google.de/books?id=HK0CN6FVtfgC&printsec=frontcover&dq=%22Anthony+Watts%22+%22The+Hockey+Stick+and+the+Climate+Wars%22&hl=en&sa=X&ei=JxYhVZj1M4LAmwXlhIGoCA&ved=0CCEQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=%22Anthony%20Watts%22%20%22The%20Hockey%20Stick%20and%20the%20Climate%20Wars%22&f=false]The Hockey Stick and the Climate Wars: Dispatches from the Front Lines, Michael E. Mann, Columbia University Press, 2013, pp, 72, 222, </ref> In 2010, [[Fred Pearce]] described WUWT as the "world's most viewed climate website".<ref name=pearce/>
Watts established the blog, ''[[Watts Up With That]]?'' (WUWT) in 2006. The blog focuses on the [[global warming controversy]], and in particular includes material that is supportive of Watts's [[climate change denial|disbelief]] that the human role in global warming is as large as it has been [[Scientific opinion on climate change|measured to be by the scientific community]].<ref name="pearce">{{cite book | author=[[Fred Pearce|Pearce, Fred]] | title=The Climate Files: The Battle for the Truth about Global Warming | year=2010 | publisher=[[Guardian Books]] | isbn=0852652291 | page=XVI}}</ref> In a book published in 2013, [[climatologist]] [[Michael E. Mann]] stated that Watts' blog had "overtaken climateaudit as the leading climate change denial blog."<ref>[https://books.google.de/books?id=HK0CN6FVtfgC&printsec=frontcover&dq=%22Anthony+Watts%22+%22The+Hockey+Stick+and+the+Climate+Wars%22&hl=en&sa=X&ei=JxYhVZj1M4LAmwXlhIGoCA&ved=0CCEQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=%22Anthony%20Watts%22%20%22The%20Hockey%20Stick%20and%20the%20Climate%20Wars%22&f=false]The Hockey Stick and the Climate Wars: Dispatches from the Front Lines, Michael E. Mann, Columbia University Press, 2013, pp, 72, 222, </ref> In 2010, [[Fred Pearce]] described WUWT as the "world's most viewed climate website".<ref name=pearce/>


Watts's blog has been criticized for presenting inaccurate information. Curtis Brainard has stated<blockquote>"While blogs have allowed scientists and other legitimate experts, in fields from politics to economics, to communicate more easily and directly with the media and public, a vast cacophony of other voices make the Internet a bewildering place where the quality of information can be hard to judge. ...influential sites for "climate skeptics", such as Watts Up With That?", a blog run by meteorologist Anthony Watts, whom scientists have repeatedly criticized for misleading readers on subjects such as the reliability of the U.S. surface temperature record."<ref>[ https://books.google.co.jp/books?id=BwLwBgAAQBAJ&pg=PA172&dq=%22The+Routledge+Handbook+of+Environment+and+Communication%22+influential+sites+for+%22climate+skeptics%22,+%22such+as+Watts+Up+With+That%22&hl=ja&sa=X&ei=RwYhVdS6IISP8QXxkIGwCQ&ved=0CB0Q6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=%22The%20Routledge%20Handbook%20of%20Environment%20and%20Communication%22%20influential%20sites%20for%20%22climate%20skeptics%22%2C%20%22such%20as%20Watts%20Up%20With%20That%22&f=false] The changing ecology of news and news organizations: implication for environmental news, Curtis Brainard; The Routledge Handbook of Environment and Communication, Anders Hansen and Robert Cox (eds.); Routledge, 2015, p. 172</ref></blockquote>
Watts's blog has been criticized for presenting inaccurate information. Curtis Brainard has stated<blockquote>"While blogs have allowed scientists and other legitimate experts, in fields from politics to economics, to communicate more easily and directly with the media and public, a vast cacophony of other voices make the Internet a bewildering place where the quality of information can be hard to judge. ...influential sites for "climate skeptics", such as Watts Up With That?", a blog run by meteorologist Anthony Watts, whom scientists have repeatedly criticized for misleading readers on subjects such as the reliability of the U.S. surface temperature record."<ref>[ https://books.google.co.jp/books?id=BwLwBgAAQBAJ&pg=PA172&dq=%22The+Routledge+Handbook+of+Environment+and+Communication%22+influential+sites+for+%22climate+skeptics%22,+%22such+as+Watts+Up+With+That%22&hl=ja&sa=X&ei=RwYhVdS6IISP8QXxkIGwCQ&ved=0CB0Q6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=%22The%20Routledge%20Handbook%20of%20Environment%20and%20Communication%22%20influential%20sites%20for%20%22climate%20skeptics%22%2C%20%22such%20as%20Watts%20Up%20With%20That%22&f=false] The changing ecology of news and news organizations: implication for environmental news, Curtis Brainard; The Routledge Handbook of Environment and Communication, Anders Hansen and Robert Cox (eds.); Routledge, 2015, p. 172</ref></blockquote>

Revision as of 13:14, 10 April 2015

For other people called Anthony Watts, see Anthony Watts.
Willard Anthony Watts
Anthony Watts speaking in Gold Coast, Australia, June 2010
Born1958 (age 65–66)
NationalityAmerican
WebsiteWatts Up With That?
SurfaceStations.org

Willard Anthony Watts (born 1958)[1] is a former broadcast meteorologist,[2][3] president of IntelliWeather Inc,[4] and founder of the Surface Stations Project, a volunteer initiative to document the set up and maintenance of weather stations across the United States.[5] He is also an American blogger who runs Watts Up With That?, a website that hosts a lot of commentary that opposes the scientific consensus on the extent of global warming, its significance, and its connection to human behavior.[a]

Career

Anthony Watts began his broadcast meteorology career in 1978 as an on-air meteorologist for WLFI-TV in Lafayette, Indiana.[11] He attended classes at Purdue University but did not graduate, and has stated that he is not a degreed climate scientist.[12][13][14][15] He joined KHSL-TV, a CBS affiliate based in Chico, California in 1987.[11][16] He stopped using his first name "Willard" to avoid confusion with NBC's The Today Show weatherman Willard Scott.[11] Watts temporarily resigned from KHSL in 2001 but was able to negotiate more personal time to use for his private business, ITWorks.[17] In 2002 he left KHSL to devote his full-time to ITWorks.[18] He returned to KHSL part-time in 2004.[19] Watts has been the chief meteorologist for KPAY-AM, a Fox News affiliate based in Chico, California since 2002.[14][20][21] In 2002, Watts won a Chico News & Review "Readers' Best Of" award for "Best Local Personality".[22]

Watts has been the director and president of IntelliWeather Inc. since 2000,[4] and the managing member of Zev2Go LLC, an electric vehicle company since 2008.[23][24] Innovative Tech Works, Weathershop and ITWorks are all alternate business names for IntelliWeather.[25]

Watts was a member of the Chico, California school board from 2002 to 2006.[26][27][28] In 2006, he was briefly a candidate for county supervisor, to represent Chico on the Butte County Board of Supervisors, but withdrew his candidacy due to family and workload concerns.[29]

In 2010, Watts went on a speaking tour to 18 locations around Australia.[30]

View of climate change

In broad strokes, the scientific consensus on climate change holds that warming of earth's climate system is unequivocal and most of it is due to human activities.[31][32] At one time, Watts says he had "been fully engaged in the belief that CO2 was indeed the root cause of the global warming problem."[33]

In 1997, Watts signed the Leipzig Declaration, ascribing to the statement that "the dire predictions of a future warming have not been validated by the historic climate record, which appears to be dominated by natural fluctuations, showing both warming and cooling. These predictions are based on nothing more than theoretical models and cannot be relied on to construct far-reaching policies."[34]

In 2008, Watts signed[35] the The Heartland Institute's Manhattan Declaration which asserts that "there is no convincing evidence that CO2 emissions from modern industrial activity has in the past, is now, or will in the future cause catastrophic climate change" and calls on world leaders to "reject the views expressed by the United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change" and abandon "all taxes, regulations, and other interventions intended to reduce emissions of CO2".[36]

In a 2012 interview, Watts said

Now I'm in the camp of we have some global warming. No doubt about it, but it may not be as bad as we originally thought because there are other contributing factors.

— PBS Newshour interview[37]

Watts has expressed a skeptical view of anthropogenic CO2-driven global warming.[38][39] He believes it plays a much smaller part than the sun in causing climatic change.[40][41]

'Watts Up With That?' blog

Watts established the blog, Watts Up With That? (WUWT) in 2006. The blog focuses on the global warming controversy, and in particular includes material that is supportive of Watts's disbelief that the human role in global warming is as large as it has been measured to be by the scientific community.[42] In a book published in 2013, climatologist Michael E. Mann stated that Watts' blog had "overtaken climateaudit as the leading climate change denial blog."[43] In 2010, Fred Pearce described WUWT as the "world's most viewed climate website".[42]

Watts's blog has been criticized for presenting inaccurate information. Curtis Brainard has stated

"While blogs have allowed scientists and other legitimate experts, in fields from politics to economics, to communicate more easily and directly with the media and public, a vast cacophony of other voices make the Internet a bewildering place where the quality of information can be hard to judge. ...influential sites for "climate skeptics", such as Watts Up With That?", a blog run by meteorologist Anthony Watts, whom scientists have repeatedly criticized for misleading readers on subjects such as the reliability of the U.S. surface temperature record."[44]

The Guardian columnist George Monbiot described WUWT as "highly partisan and untrustworthy".[45] Leo Hickman, at The Guardian's Environment Blog, also criticized Watts's blog, stating that Watts "risks polluting his legitimate scepticism about the scientific processes and methodologies underpinning climate science with his accompanying politicised commentary."[46]

Awards

In 2008, WUWT won an internet voting-based Wizbang Weblog Award for the "Best Science Blog".[47][non-primary source needed][48] The Wizbang Weblog Awards are billed as the conservative response to the Bloggies, which are also internet voting-based, and which WUWT has also won. In 2011, 2012 and 2013, WUWT took first place in the Bloggies Best Science Weblog category, and in 2013 won overall best blog, beating Pintester, The Bloggers, Cowardly Feminist, People I Want to Punch in the Throat and Marriage Confessions.[citation needed]

In 2013, Leo Hickman wrote in The Guardian that 13 of the 17 blogs nominated for the Science or Technology category for the Bloggies "were either run by climate sceptics, or popular with climate sceptics". When asked about concerns that the awards were being gamed, Bloggies founder Nikolai Nolan said that "legitimate science blogs don't want to make an effort to compete."[49]

Surface Stations project

In 2007, Watts launched the Surface Stations project, in which volunteers set out to take photographs of surface weather stations forming part of the U.S. Historical Climatology Network, looking for aspects of siting or condition of the stations. Watts said "The reliability of the whole surface temperature record is called into question".[50] In March 2009 The Heartland Institute published a paper authored by Watts, in which he argued that the surface temperature record in the United States was inaccurate and that the actual temperature was lower than reported. Using pictures and other information from over 650 volunteers participating through his website, Watts showed that many surface weather stations were situated near artificial heat sources such as pavement and air conditioners, but did not show any comparison of the data from these sites and the data from well situated stations.[6][51]

The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) investigated the matter. While acknowledging the suboptimal conditions of many stations, NOAA concluded that the overall effect was insubstantial. To the very limited extent that there was any measurement bias, it was in the opposite direction of what Watt expected: stations that were considered poorly situated reported slightly cooler temperatures due to instrument artifacts.[51] Watts was co-author with climatologists (including John Nielsen-Gammon, John Christy and Roger A. Pielke, Sr.) on a paper with Souleymane Fall as lead author, which found that overall mean temperature trends were nearly identical between poorly sited and well-sited stations, but poor siting led to a difference in estimated diurnal temperature range, between minimum at night and maximum during the day. The poorly sited stations led to an overestimate of trends in minimum temperatures, balanced by a similar underestimate of maximum temperature trends, so that the overall mean temperature trends were nearly identical across site classifications.[52]

In 2012 the Berkeley Earth Science Temperature project (BEST) released a paper confirming previous results that surface temperature is rising. Richard Muller, founder of BEST, directly addressed Watts' concern about the condition of weather stations, saying, "we discovered that station quality does not affect the results. Even poor stations reflect temperature changes accurately."[53]

Affiliation with Heartland Institute

Wikiquote has quotations related to Anthony Watts.

The Heartland Institute published Watts' preliminary report on weather station data, titled Is the U.S. Surface Temperature Record Reliable?.[16] Watts has been featured as a speaker at Heartland Institute's International Conference on Climate Change, for which he acknowledges receiving payment.[54]

Documents obtained from the Heartland Institute and made public in February 2012 reveal that the Institute had agreed to help Watts raise $88,000 to set up a website, "devoted to accessing the new temperature data from NOAA's web site and converting them into easy-to-understand graphs that can be easily found and understood by weathermen and the general interested public."[55][56][57] The documents state that $44,000 had already been pledged by an anonymous donor, and the Institute would seek to raise the rest.[54] Watts explained the funding by stating, "Heartland simply helped me find a donor for funding a special project having to do with presenting some new NOAA surface data in a public friendly graphical form, something NOAA themselves is not doing, but should be. I approached them in the fall of 2011 asking for help, on this project not the other way around."[58][59] and added, "They do not regularly fund me nor my WUWT website, I take no salary from them of any kind."[58][60]

See also

Selected publications

Articles

  • Watts, Anthony (2009). "Is the US Surface Temperature Record Reliable?" (PDF). Heartland Institute.
  • D'Aleo, Joseph; Watts, Anthony (2010). "Surface Temperature Records: Policy Driven Deception?" (PDF). Science and Public Policy Institute.
  • Watts, Anthony (October 19, 2010). "Climate change 'fraud' letter: a Martin Luther moment in science history". The Christian Science Monitor.
  • Watts, Anthony (April 16, 2011). "The UN 'disappears' 50 million climate refugees, then botches the cover-up". The Daily Caller.
  • Watts, Anthony (April 30, 2011). "The folly of linking tornado outbreaks to climate change". The Daily Caller.
  • Watts, Anthony (September 29, 2011). "Al Gore doctored a video that's supposed to prove his global warming theories". The Daily Caller.

Peer-Reviewed Papers

Notes

  1. ^ Sources include:[6][7][8][9][10]

References

  1. ^ "School board shakeup". Chico News & Review. October 31, 2002. Retrieved 2012-07-08.
  2. ^ Watts, Anthony. "About | Watts Up With That?". Watts Up With That?.
  3. ^ Black, Richard (15 February 2012). "Openness: A Heartland-warming tale". BBC News.
  4. ^ a b Scherffius, Andrew; et al. (4 April 2013). "High School Students Debate Climate Change: Adapt or Geoengineer?". Scientific American. {{cite magazine}}: Explicit use of et al. in: |author= (help)
  5. ^ Steigerwald, Bill (April 22, 2009). "Talking Climate Change With Anthony Watts". SitNews. Retrieved 2012-07-09.
  6. ^ a b Mann, Michael (1 October 2013). The Hockey Stick and the Climate Wars: Dispatches from the Front Lines. Columbia University Press. p. 27. Since then, a number of other amateur climate change denial bloggers have arrived on the scene. Most prominent among them is Anthony Watts, a meteorologist...and founder of the site "Watts Up with That?" which has overtaken climateaudit as the leading climate change denial blog. Cite error: The named reference "hockey" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
  7. ^ Manne, Robert (August 2012). "A dark victory: How vested interests defeated climate science". The Monthly: 22–29. More importantly, it was becoming clear that the most effective denialist media weapon was not the newspapers or television but the internet. A number of influential websites, like Watts Up With That?, Climate Skeptic and Climate Depot, were established.
  8. ^ Elshof, Leo (2011). "Can education overcome climate change inactivism?". Journal for Activist Science and Technology Education. 3 (1). It is important for students to have structured learning opportunities to find and analyze how these tactics are employed by climate denial organizations and blogs like...'Watts up with That' and others.
  9. ^ Dunlap, Riley E.; McCright, Aaron M. (2011). Dryzek, John S.; Norgaard, Richard B.; Schlosberg, David (eds.). The Oxford Handbook of Climate Change and Society. Oxford University Press. p. 153. ISBN 0199566607. In recent years these conservative media outlets have been supplemented (and to some degree supplanted) by the conservative blogosphere, and numerous blogs now constitute a vital element of the denial machine...the most popular North American blogs are run by a retired TV meteorologist (wattsupwiththat.com)...Having this powerful, pervasive, and multifaceted media apparatus at its service provides the denial machine with a highly effective means of spreading its message.
  10. ^ Farmer, G. Thomas; Cook, John (2013). Climate Change Science: A Modern Synthesis: Volume 1-The Physical Climate. Springer Science & Business Media. One of the highest trafficked climate blogs is wattsupwiththat.com, a website that publishes climate misinformation on a daily basis.
  11. ^ a b c "Anthony Watts, Meteorologist". KHSL-TV. Archived from the original on March 6, 2001. Retrieved 2012-07-09.
  12. ^ Watts, Anthony. "About Anthony". Watts Up With That. Archived from the original on 17 October 2014. Retrieved 1 February 2015.
  13. ^ Grant, John (2011). Denying Science: Conspiracy Theories, Media Distortions, and the War Against Reality. Prometheus Books. ISBN 1616143991. ...there's no record of him having graduated, however, and he's been reticent in discussing this.
  14. ^ a b Tuchinsky, Evan (December 6, 2007). "Watts, me worry?". Chico News & Review. Retrieved 2012-07-09.
  15. ^ Michels, Spencer (September 17, 2012). "Climate Change Skeptic Says Global Warming Crowd Oversells Its Message". PBS Newshour. Retrieved 2013-05-14.
  16. ^ a b Watts, Anthony (2009). Is the U.S. Surface Temperature Record Reliable? (PDF). Heartland Institute. ISBN 978-1-934791-29-5. Retrieved 2009-11-24.
  17. ^ Gascoyne, Tom (September 6, 2001). "Forecast: Less Anthony Watts?". Chico News & Review. Retrieved 2012-07-09.
  18. ^ Smith, Laura (January 31, 2002). "Forecast: No more Watts for KHSL". Chico News & Review. Retrieved 2012-07-09.
  19. ^ Angel, Devanie (June 17, 2004). "Everybody's business". Chico News & Review. Retrieved 2012-07-09.
  20. ^ "Anthony Watts: Chief Meteorologist". KPAY-AM. Retrieved 2012-07-09.
  21. ^ "KPAY 1290: Contact". KPAY-AM. Retrieved 2012-07-09.
  22. ^ "Feature Story Readers' Best of Chico 2002". News & Review. 2002-09-19. Retrieved August 8, 2012.
  23. ^ "ZEV2GO, LLC". Secretary of State of Nevada. Retrieved 2012-07-09.
  24. ^ "Zev2Go YouTube Page". YouTube. Retrieved 2012-07-09.
  25. ^ "IntelliWeather". Better Business Bureau. Retrieved 2012-07-09.
  26. ^ "Chico Unified School District: Board of Education". Chico Unified School District. Archived from the original on April 25, 2003. Retrieved 2012-07-09.
  27. ^ "November 5, 2002 General Election Results". Butte County Election Office. Retrieved 2002-07-09.
  28. ^ "November 7, 2006 General Election Results". Butte County Election Office. Retrieved 2002-07-09.
  29. ^ Indar, Josh (March 16, 2006). "One out, one in, one on". Chico News & Review. Retrieved 2009-10-13.
  30. ^ AAP (June 10, 2010). "Climate sceptic to tour". The Weekly Times. Retrieved 2012-07-09.[dead link]
  31. ^ IPCC, Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis - Summary for Policymakers, Observed Changes in the Climate System, p. 2, in IPCC AR5 WG1 2013. "Warming of the climate system is unequivocal, and since the 1950s, many of the observed changes are unprecedented over decades to millennia."
  32. ^ "CLIMATE CHANGE 2014: Synthesis Report. Summary for Policymakers" (PDF). IPCC. Retrieved 7 March 2015. The evidence for human influence on the climate system has grown since the Fourth Assessment Report (AR4). It is extremely likely that more than half of the observed increase in global average surface temperature from 1951 to 2010 was caused by the anthropogenic increase in greenhouse gas concentrations and other anthropogenic forcings together
  33. ^ Watts, Anthony (March 27, 2008). "Gore to throw insults on 60 minutes". Watts Up With That?. Retrieved 2009-02-06.
  34. ^ "The Leipzig Declaration On Global Climate Change". SEPP. Archived from the original on 2006-10-29.
  35. ^ option=com_content&task=view&id=66&Itemid=1 "Climate Experts Who Signed Manhattan Declaration". ICSC. {{cite web}}: Check |url= value (help)
  36. ^ Anthony Watts. The 31,000 who say "no convincing evidence" for human induced climate change wattsupwiththat.com, May 19, 2008.
  37. ^ Michaels, Spencer. "Climate Change Skeptic Says Global Warming Crowd Oversells Its Message". PBS NewsHour.
  38. ^ Michels, Spencer (September 17, 2012). "Climate Change Skeptic Says Global Warming Crowd Oversells Its Message". PBS. ... one of the nation's most read climate skeptics
  39. ^ Kintisch, Eli (April 6, 2011). "Q&A With Richard Muller: A Physicist and His Surprising Climate Data". Science Magazine. ... prominent skeptic blogger Anthony Watts, a bête noire for most climate scientists ...
  40. ^ Anthony Watts. It's the Sun, stupid, wattsupwiththat.com, April 6, 2007.
  41. ^ Ryan Olson, Template:Wayback, Chico Enterprise Record, 2007.
  42. ^ a b Pearce, Fred (2010). The Climate Files: The Battle for the Truth about Global Warming. Guardian Books. p. XVI. ISBN 0852652291.
  43. ^ [1]The Hockey Stick and the Climate Wars: Dispatches from the Front Lines, Michael E. Mann, Columbia University Press, 2013, pp, 72, 222,
  44. ^ [ https://books.google.co.jp/books?id=BwLwBgAAQBAJ&pg=PA172&dq=%22The+Routledge+Handbook+of+Environment+and+Communication%22+influential+sites+for+%22climate+skeptics%22,+%22such+as+Watts+Up+With+That%22&hl=ja&sa=X&ei=RwYhVdS6IISP8QXxkIGwCQ&ved=0CB0Q6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=%22The%20Routledge%20Handbook%20of%20Environment%20and%20Communication%22%20influential%20sites%20for%20%22climate%20skeptics%22%2C%20%22such%20as%20Watts%20Up%20With%20That%22&f=false] The changing ecology of news and news organizations: implication for environmental news, Curtis Brainard; The Routledge Handbook of Environment and Communication, Anders Hansen and Robert Cox (eds.); Routledge, 2015, p. 172
  45. ^ George Monbiot (15 May 2009). "How to disprove Christopher Booker in 26 seconds". The Guardian. Retrieved 11 April 2010.
  46. ^ Leo Hickman (24 February 2010). Academic attempts to take the hot air out of climate science debate "Academic attempts to take the hot air out of climate science debate". The Guardian. Retrieved 3 April 2010. {{cite news}}: Check |url= value (help)
  47. ^ "The 2008 Weblog Awards - Best Science Blog". Wizbang. 2008. Retrieved 2012-07-09.
  48. ^ Madrigal, Alexis (2007-11-09). "Dueling Sites Top Conservative Run Weblog Awards". Wired.
  49. ^ Hickman, Leo (1 March 2013). "Climate sceptics 'capture' the Bloggies' science category". The Guardian.
  50. ^ Olson, Ryan (June 29, 2007). "Watts' up? Spotlight shines on local weatherman's latest research". Oroville Mercury-Register. Archived from the original on July 5, 2007.
  51. ^ a b Henson, Robert (2 May 2011). The Rough Guide to Climate Change. Penguin.
  52. ^ Fall, Souleymane (2011). "Analysis of the impacts of station exposure on the U.S. Historical Climatology Network temperatures and temperature trends" (PDF). Journal of Geophysical Research. 116 (D14120). Bibcode:2011JGRD..11614120F. doi:10.1029/2010JD015146. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
  53. ^ Donald, Ros (3 August 2012). "'There's plenty of room for scepticism' – climate study author Richard Muller". The Guardian.
  54. ^ a b Gascoyne, Tom (February 23, 2012). "Leaked documents hit home Climate-change scandal has a local connection". Chico News & Review. Retrieved August 8, 2012.
  55. ^ "2012 Fundraising Plan" (PDF). The Heartland Institute. January 15, 2012. Retrieved 2012-07-15.
  56. ^ Hickman, Leo (February 15, 2012). "Climate sceptics – who gets paid what?". The Guardian. Retrieved 2012-02-15.
  57. ^ Watts, Anthony (February 15, 2012). "Some notes on the Heartland Leak". Watts Up With That?. Retrieved 2012-02-23.
  58. ^ a b Hickman, Leo (February 15, 2012). "Leaked Heartland Institute documents pull back curtain on climate scepticism". The Guardian. Retrieved 2012-08-10.
  59. ^ Burleigh, Nina (February 17, 2012). "Secret papers turn up heat on global-warming deniers". Salon. Retrieved 2012-08-10.
  60. ^ Goldenberg, Suzanne (February 14, 2012). "Leak exposes how Heartland Institute works to undermine climate science". The Guardian. Retrieved 2012-08-10.

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