Berkeley, Gloucestershire

Berkeley
OS grid reference	ST685992
• London	129.9m
District	Stroud
Shire county	Gloucestershire
Region	South West
Country	England
Sovereign state	United Kingdom
Post town	GLOUCESTER
Postcode district	GL13
Dialling code	01285
Police	Gloucestershire
Fire	Gloucestershire
Ambulance	South Western
UK Parliament	Tewkesbury

Berkeley (Template:PronEng) is a town between the south bank of the River Severn and the M5 motorway within the Stroud district of Gloucestershire, England, at grid reference ST685992. The town is located mid-way between Bristol and Gloucester and is built on a small hill in the Vale of Berkeley. The town is noted for Berkeley Castle where the imprisoned Edward II was murdered.

Berkeley was the birthplace of Edward Jenner, the originator of vaccination. After studying medicine in London he returned home to work as the local doctor, and in 1796 performed a pioneering experiment by inoculating his gardener's son with cowpox, thus preventing infection from smallpox. The Chantry, Jenner's home in Berkeley for 38 years, is now The Edward Jenner Museum.

Berkeley was also the site of Berkeley nuclear power station, which has two Magnox nuclear reactors. This power station, the first commercial British reactor to enter operation, has since been decommissioned and all that remains are the two reactors encased in concrete. The administrative centre adjacent to the station is still active however - the centre was founded as Berkeley Nuclear Laboratories in the early 1960s and was one of the three principal research laboratories of the CEGB.

Just north of Berkeley lies the port of Sharpness, one of the most inland in Britain. The Gloucester & Sharpness Canal (originally known as the Gloucester & Berkeley canal)starts here, and the river used to be crossed by the Severn Railway Bridge. However, this was damaged beyond repair by a ship collision in 1960.

Berkeley itself stands adjacent to the Little Avon River, which flows into the Severn at Berkeley Pill. The Little Avon was tidal, and so navigable, for some distance inland (as far as Berkeley itself and the Sea Mills at Ham) until a 'tidal reservoir' was implemented at Berkeley Pill in the late 1960s.

The Royal Mail postcode begins GL13.

External links

• Vintage pictures of Berkeley and the surrounding area.
• The Edward Jenner Museum
• Hillier Genealogy (with links to the Bendall family of Berkeley)
• Berkeley Castle
• St. Mary's 13th Century Church, Berkeley