Boston Marathon bombing: Difference between revisions

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===Local===
===Local===
As a safety precaution, the [[National Hockey League]] postponed a [[Boston Bruins]] [[ice hockey|hockey]] home game against the [[Ottawa Senators]] at [[TD Garden]] scheduled for April 15, to Sunday, April 28 instead.<ref name="BostonSports-USAToday">{{cite web|title=Boston Bruins game postponed, Celtics game canceled|url= http://www.usatoday.com/story/sports/2013/04/15/security-at-sports-venues-after-boston-blast/2085755/ |publisher=USA Today|accessdate=April 16, 2013}}</ref><ref name="BostonSports-WashTimes">{{cite news|last=Morton|first=Victor|title=Boston Bruins' NHL game, Celtics' NBA contest cancelled in blast aftermath|url=http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2013/apr/15/boston-bruins-cancel-nhl-game-vs-ottawa-marathon-b/|accessdate=April 15, 2013|newspaper=The Washington Times |date=April 15, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://bruins.nhl.com/club/news.htm?id=666069&navid=DL |title=Bruins/Senators Game Rescheduled for April 28 at TD Garden |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |date=April 16, 2013 |work= |publisher=BostonBruins.com |accessdate=17 April 2013}}</ref> The NHL also considered canceling the Bruins' April 17 game against the [[Buffalo Sabres]] but decided to go forward with that contest several hours before face-off, after the Sabres had already arrived in Boston.<ref>[http://www.wgrz.com/sports/article/210879/4/Sabres-and-Bruins-to-Play-following-Marathon-Attack Sabres, Bruins to play tonight in first game following Boston Marathon attack]. ''WGRZ''. Retrieved April 17, 2013.</ref> The [[National Basketball Association]]'s [[Boston Celtics]]–[[Indiana Pacers]] game scheduled for April 16 was canceled since both teams' [[2013 NBA Playoffs|playoff]] [[seed (sports)|seedings]] were already set.<ref name="BostonSports-USAToday"/><ref name="BostonSports-WashTimes"/> The [[Boston Symphony Orchestra]] canceled its April 15 performance.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bso.org/Performance/Detail/51068|title=All-Beethoven Program – Canceled|date=April 15, 2013|publisher=Boston Symphony Orchestra|accessdate=April 16, 2013}}</ref> The [[Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority|MBTA]] public transit system, which was partly shut down, was under heavy National Guard and police presence.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://bostonglobe.com/metro/2013/04/16/anxiety-heightened-security/2hLh0RsvADUXvdSDGnz2mO/story.html|title=Anxiety, heightened security on the T|work=Boston Globe|accessdate=April 16, 2013}}</ref>
The [[Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority|MBTA]] public transit system, which was partly shut down, was under heavy National Guard and police presence.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://bostonglobe.com/metro/2013/04/16/anxiety-heightened-security/2hLh0RsvADUXvdSDGnz2mO/story.html|title=Anxiety, heightened security on the T|work=Boston Globe|accessdate=April 16, 2013}}</ref> As a safety precaution, the [[National Hockey League]] postponed a [[Boston Bruins]] [[ice hockey|hockey]] home game against the [[Ottawa Senators]] at [[TD Garden]] scheduled for April 15, to Sunday, April 28 instead.<ref name="BostonSports-USAToday">{{cite web|title=Boston Bruins game postponed, Celtics game canceled|url= http://www.usatoday.com/story/sports/2013/04/15/security-at-sports-venues-after-boston-blast/2085755/ |publisher=USA Today|accessdate=April 16, 2013}}</ref><ref name="BostonSports-WashTimes">{{cite news|last=Morton|first=Victor|title=Boston Bruins' NHL game, Celtics' NBA contest cancelled in blast aftermath|url=http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2013/apr/15/boston-bruins-cancel-nhl-game-vs-ottawa-marathon-b/|accessdate=April 15, 2013|newspaper=The Washington Times |date=April 15, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://bruins.nhl.com/club/news.htm?id=666069&navid=DL |title=Bruins/Senators Game Rescheduled for April 28 at TD Garden |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |date=April 16, 2013 |work= |publisher=BostonBruins.com |accessdate=17 April 2013}}</ref> The [[National Basketball Association]]'s [[Boston Celtics]]–[[Indiana Pacers]] game scheduled for April 16 was canceled since both teams' [[2013 NBA Playoffs|playoff]] [[seed (sports)|seedings]] were already set.<ref name="BostonSports-USAToday"/><ref name="BostonSports-WashTimes"/> The [[Boston Symphony Orchestra]] canceled its April 15 performance.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bso.org/Performance/Detail/51068|title=All-Beethoven Program – Canceled|date=April 15, 2013|publisher=Boston Symphony Orchestra|accessdate=April 16, 2013}}</ref>


===National===
===National===

Revision as of 17:23, 17 April 2013

Boston Marathon bombings
Aftermath of the first blast
LocationNear Copley Square, Boston, Massachusetts, U.S.
Coordinates42°20′59.2″N 71°04′44.1″W / 42.349778°N 71.078917°W / 42.349778; -71.078917
DateApril 15, 2013 (2013-04-15)
2:50 p.m. EDT (UTC−04:00)
Attack type
Bombing
WeaponsPressure cooker bombs[1]
Deaths3[2]
Injured176[2]

Two pressure cooker bombs exploded during the 2013 Boston Marathon on April 15, 2013, killing 3 people and injuring 176 others. The bombs were placed near the finish line, along Boylston Street.[2] They detonated at 2:50 p.m. EDT (18:50 UTC), about 12 seconds apart. There were initial reports of other bombs and a related fire, but these have not been confirmed to have existed or been related.

No suspects have been named, and there have been no arrests or claims of responsibility for the attack.[3] Extensive federal and state resources have been deployed to investigate the incident.

Bombings

Blasts occurred very near the finish line (yellow) along the race (dark blue), the first blast being closer to the finish

On Patriots' Day, Monday, April 15, 2013, the annual Boston Marathon began without any indications of an imminent attack.[4] Officials swept the area for bombs twice before the explosions; one of the sweeps occurred an hour before the bombs went off. People were able to come and go freely, and carry items in and out of the area.[5] More than 5,700 runners had yet to cross the finish line at the time of the explosions.[6]

The FBI reports that this pressure cooker fragment is part of one of the explosive devices

At about 2:50 p.m. EDT (18:50 UTC), two bombs detonated on Boylston Street near Copley Square about 200 yards (180 m) apart,[7] just before the finish line.[4] The first exploded outside a Lens Crafters store at 699 Boylston Street; the second, one block farther west at 755 Boylston Street.[2][4][8][9][10][11][12][13] Described as "pressure cooker bombs",[1] they were improvised explosive devices constructed from pressure cookers, explosives, bits of metal, and bearing balls placed in black nylon duffel bags or backpacks.[4][14][15] Video from the finish line shows about 12 seconds passed between the two blasts. At the time of the first explosion, the race clock at the finish line was showing 04:09:43.[16]

The bombs detonated about two hours after the winner crossed the finish line.[8] Runners continued to cross the line until 2:57 p.m., seven minutes after the explosions.[17] The blasts blew out windows on adjacent buildings, but did no other structural damage, an indication of the anti-personnel nature of the devices.[8][18]

During a news conference two hours after the bombings, Massachusetts Governor Deval Patrick said there were "only two explosive devices", the two that exploded.[19] Initial reports conflicted over whether additional bombs were found, with numerous suspicious packages or bags initially discovered.[4][12][20][21][22][23] The Boston Police Bomb Squad initially said that they were going to perform a controlled explosion of one of the packages found, on the 600 block of Boylston Street,[24][25] but later said no other devices than the two exploding bombs were found.[26]

Victims

The scene, immediately after the first blast

Three people, all spectators, were confirmed dead:

  • Krystle M. Campbell, 29, female, a restaurant manager from Medford, Massachusetts;[27]
  • A 23-year-old female Chinese national;
  • Martin Richard, 8, male, of Dorchester; his mother, Denise Richard, suffered a brain injury and his 6-year-old sister lost a leg.[28][29][30]

Many victims suffered lower leg injuries and shrapnel wounds, which indicated the devices were low to the ground.[31] Some suffered ruptured eardrums.[31]

At least 13[32] of the injured suffered severed limbs.[10][14][33][34] Two brothers, aged 33 and 31, each lost a leg.[35] Celeste Corcoran, a hairdresser from Lowell, had both legs amputated below the knee; her daughter Sydney, 18, sustained injuries to arteries in both legs.[36] Jeff Bauman, Jr, a 27-year-old grocery worker, had both legs amputated below the knee at a hospital due to vascular and bone damage. A photo of Bauman in a wheelchair, being assisted by volunteers and an emergency worker, was widely shown in the media.[37][38]

A doctor at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center had seen an X-ray of a patient's leg containing "what appears to be small, uniform, round objects throughout it—similar in the appearance to BBs".[39] Doctors described removing "ball-bearing type" metallic beads a little larger than BBs, and more than a dozen small carpenter-type nails about 1 to 2.5 centimeters (0.4 to 1 in) long.<ref="BosHerald shrapnel">"Docs describe nails, BBs viciously blasted into Marathon patients". Boston Herald. April 16, 2013. Retrieved April 16, 2013.</ref> Similar fragmentation objects were found at the scene.[40]

Ten local hospitals treated a total of more than 182 people. At least 15 of the injured were in critical condition on April 16, including 2 children.[10][41][42] Among the hospitals treating victims (and the number of people treated) were:[43] Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (33),[44] Massachusetts General Hospital (31),[45][46] Brigham and Women's Hospital (31),[4][47] Boston Medical Center (23),[4] Tufts Medical Center (18),[11] St. Elizabeth's Medical Center (18), Brigham and Women's Faulkner Hospital (13),[11] Boston Children's Hospital (10),[48] Carney Hospital (5), and Newton-Wellesley Hospital (1).

Responses

Emergency services at work after the bombings

Rescue workers, medical personnel on hand to assist runners, bystanders, and runners rushed to help the wounded in the immediate aftermath.[49][50]

The marathon was halted abruptly. Police, following emergency plans, diverted the remaining runners away from the finish line to Boston Common or Kenmore Square.[4][51][52] The nearby Lenox Hotel was also evacuated.[4] Police closed down a 15-block area around the blast site; this was reduced to a 12-block crime scene on April 16.[18][53] Massachusetts National Guard units already on scene joined local authorities in rendering aid.[4] Bomb squads searched the area.[10] Many bystanders had dropped backpacks and other bags as they fled, requiring each to be treated as a potential bomb.[18] Boston police commissioner Ed Davis recommended that people stay off the streets.[18]

Police and other emergency workers on the scene

As a precaution, the FAA restricted airspace over Boston, and issued a temporary ground stop for Boston's Logan International Airport.[54][55][56] Some Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority service was halted.[8] Several cities in Massachusetts and other states put their police forces on alert.[57] United States Attorney General Eric Holder directed that the "full resources" of the United States Department of Justice be brought to bear on investigating the explosions.[4] The Navy sent one of its bomb-disposal units to Boston to help local authorities.[58]

In New York City, counter-terrorism vehicles were deployed to landmark sites in Manhattan,[12] as the New York Police Department increased security at hotels, Times Square, and other places.[18][59] Security was also increased in Washington, D.C., and the White House was partially evacuated,[4] while it was being cordoned off by the United States Secret Service.[60]

The Massachusetts Emergency Management Agency suggested people trying to contact those in the vicinity use text messaging, instead of voice calls, because of crowded cellphone lines.[8] Cellphone service in Boston was congested but remained in operation, despite some local media reports stating that cell service was shut down.[61]

The American Red Cross helped concerned friends and family receive information about runners and casualties.[62][63] The Boston Police Department also set up a helpline for people concerned about relatives or acquaintances to contact and a line for people to provide information.[64] Google Person Finder activated their disaster service under Boston Marathon Explosions to log known information about missing persons as a publicly viewable file.[65]

Due to the closure of several hotels near the blast zone, many out-of-town visitors were left with nowhere to stay, and many Boston residents opened their homes to them.[66]

Investigation

Hazmat workers near the scene

The Federal Bureau of Investigation, which is investigating the attack along with the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives (ATF), the Central Intelligence Agency, and the National Counterterrorism Center,[67] is treating the bombings as a terrorist attack, though no perpetrator has officially been identified.[12][68][69]

At a press conference held at 6:00 p.m. on the day of the bombings, Boston police commissioner Edward F. Davis told reporters that no suspect was in custody.[70] Though not treated as suspects, several people who were near the scene of the blast and the surrounding area were taken into custody and questioned about the bombings, including a Saudi man that police stopped as he was walking away from the explosion, and detained when some of his responses to questions "made them uncomfortable".[71][72] Early in the morning on April 16, law enforcement officials searched a residence in the nearby Boston suburb of Revere, the home of the Saudi man, who had been injured by shrapnel and was considered to be a "person of interest".[12][73][74][75] The Washington Post reported that the individual was being treated as a witness, not a suspect, by law enforcement.[76] CNN also reported that the man was found to have no connection to the attack, with an unnamed U.S. official saying "he was just at the wrong place at the wrong time."[77]

United States government officials stated that there had been no intelligence reports that indicated such a bombing would take place. Representative Peter King, member of the House Intelligence Committee said: "I received two top secret briefings last week on the current threat levels in the United States, and there was no evidence of this at all."[78]

Richard DesLauriers, special agent in charge of the FBI Boston Field Office, addresses the media

A person who was briefed on the investigation said at least one of the devices was made from a pressure cooker packed with shards of metal, nails, and ball bearings to inflict maximum casualties and was placed in a backpack.[79][80][81][82] The lid of one pressure cooker was found on a nearby rooftop.[83] Investigators have found remains of an electronic circuit board that was possibly used in the timer of the bomb.[84] U.S. Representative Mike McCaul, Chairman of the House Homeland Security Committee, said that "most likely gun powder" was used in the explosive devices.[85]

On April 16, President Barack Obama said that the bombings were being investigated as an act of terror, but authorities still did not know who was responsible. Obama called the bombing "a heinous and cowardly act used to target innocent civilians."[86][87]

Reactions

Reaction to the bombings, locally and from around the world, came in from law enforcement, local and national politicians, and various heads of state.[88][89]

Local

The MBTA public transit system, which was partly shut down, was under heavy National Guard and police presence.[90] As a safety precaution, the National Hockey League postponed a Boston Bruins hockey home game against the Ottawa Senators at TD Garden scheduled for April 15, to Sunday, April 28 instead.[91][92][93] The National Basketball Association's Boston Celtics–Indiana Pacers game scheduled for April 16 was canceled since both teams' playoff seedings were already set.[91][92] The Boston Symphony Orchestra canceled its April 15 performance.[94]

National

President Barack Obama delivering a statement on April 15, 2013, in the aftermath of the bombings

President Barack Obama addressed the nation three hours and twenty minutes after the attack.[95] He said that, while the perpetrator(s) were still unknown, the government would "get to the bottom of this" and that those responsible "will feel the full weight of justice".[96] The President again addressed the American people the next day. He later described the bombing as terrorism, declaring, "Any time bombs are used to target innocent civilians, it is an act of terror."[97] President Obama will travel to Boston on April 18 to attend and address an interfaith service to honor the victims of the attacks.[98]

Speaker John Boehner ordered that flags outside the U.S. Capitol be lowered to half-staff.[99] The flag on the White House was lowered to half staff the next day as well. President Obama also issued a proclamation ordering flags to half-staff through April 20 on all federal buildings as "a mark of respect for the victims of the senseless acts of violence perpetrated on April 15, 2013, in Boston, Massachusetts."[100]

A minute of silence was observed at the openings of the New York Stock Exchange, NASDAQ, and NYMEX the next day.[101]

International

Organizers of the forthcoming London Marathon, planned for April 21, reviewed security arrangements for their event, despite there not being any specific threats against it.[102] Security measures were increased worldwide in the wake of the explosions in Boston.[103]

The Canadian Consulate in Boston, located approximately 820 feet (250 m) from the Boston Marathon finish line, was put into lockdown and all calls were redirected to Department of Foreign Affairs and International Trade (DFAIT) in Ottawa. All staff were accounted for.[104]

Spain's Foreign Affairs Ministry fired its Boston consul for closing the consulate at its normal office hours, despite the emergency and the presence of Spanish citizens running in the Marathon.[105]

Iran condemned the bombing but blasted the US for having a double standard on bombing citizens, as US drone strikes have killed civilians in Middle East.[106]

The bombings were denounced and condolences were offered by many international leaders.[107][108] Russia, which is about to hold several international sports events in the near future, including the 2014 Winter Olympics, stated that special attention will be paid to security at those events.[109]

References

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