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== Demographics ==
== Demographics ==
There have been a number of estimates about the ethnicity and the religious affiliation of the local population. The Ottoman Empire classified and counted its citizens according to religion and not ethnicity, which led to inefficient censi and lack of the classification of populations according to their ethnic groups.<ref>[http://books.google.gr/books?id=_xLgtpBsovwC&pg=PA15&dq=Ottomans+classified&hl=en&ei=lFJ7TeLyE8_O4gbV9P2RBg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=8&ved=0CFEQ6AEwBzgU#v=onepage&q=Ottomans classified Turkish Foreign Policy, 1774-2000] William M. Hale</ref><ref>[http://books.google.gr/books?id=E_WXPJH5kAcC&pg=PA96&dq=Ottomans+classified&hl=en&ei=8k97Taf6D4T-4wbCvN3CBQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=3&ved=0CDoQ6AEwAg#v=onepage&q=Ottomans
There have been a number of estimates about the ethnicity and the religious affiliation of the local population. The Ottoman Empire classified and counted its citizens according to religion and not ethnicity, which led to inefficient censi and lack of the classification of populations according to their ethnic groups.<ref>[http://books.google.gr/books?id=_xLgtpBsovwC&pg=PA15&dq=Ottomans+classified&hl=en&ei=lFJ7TeLyE8_O4gbV9P2RBg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=8&ved=0CFEQ6AEwBzgU#v=onepage&q=Ottomans classified Turkish Foreign Policy, 1774-2000] William M. Hale</ref><ref>[http://books.google.gr/books?id=E_WXPJH5kAcC&pg=PA96&dq=Ottomans+classified&hl=en&ei=8k97Taf6D4T-4wbCvN3CBQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=3&ved=0CDoQ6AEwAg#v=onepage&q=Ottomans
Transactions of the Royal Historical Society] Royal Historical Society</ref> <ref>[http://books.google.gr/books?id=OkQ5bS095egC&pg=PA17&dq=Ottomans+classified&hl=el&ei=8k97Taf6D4T-4wbCvN3CBQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=2&ved=0CDUQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=Ottomans%20classified&f=false Sarajevo:A Bosnian Kaleidoscope], Fran Markowitz</ref><ref>[http://books.google.gr/books?id=6RveDmHbIv8C&pg=PA130&dq=Ottoman+statistics+%2B+religion&hl=el&ei=gkh7Tf7_HomG4AbF9biTBg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=4&ved=0CDcQ6AEwAw#v=onepage&q=Ottoman%20statistics%20%2B%20religion&f=false Region, Regional Identity and Regionalism in Southeastern Europe], Klaus Roth</ref><ref>[http://books.google.gr/books?ei=PFR7TdWTMcLj4gagh4jNBQ&ct=result&id=ES8OAQAAMAAJ&dq=Ottomans+classification+populations&q=The+Ottoman+Empire+did+not+use+language+group+as+a+population+classification.+As+a+religious+state%2C+it+divided+its+citizens+into+religious+groups%2C+mi+1+1+ets+%2C+and+classified+them+by+religion#search_anchor The Arab world, Turkey, and the Balkans (1878-1914): a handbook of historical statistics] Justin McCarthy</ref> The vilayet was predominantly inhabited by [[Albanians]] and [[Greeks]], while the major religions were Islam and Christian Orthodoxy.<ref>Justin McCarthy. [http://books.google.gr/books?ei=XK90TZf9LYWn8QPtvKSvCA&ct=result&id=1ZntAAAAMAAJ&dq=%22yanya+vilayeti%22&q=%22Certain+of+the+districts+taken+by+Greece%2C+such+as+those+from+Yanya+Vilayeti%2C+were+indeed+heavily+Greek%22#search_anchor Death and exile: the ethnic cleansing of Ottoman Muslims, 1821-1922]. Darwin Press, 1995. ISBN 9780878500949, p. 162</ref><ref name="schwanders">Stephanie Schwanders-Sievers,Bernd Jürgen Fischer. [http://books.google.com/books?id=oRASDq3rc-YC&pg=PA57&dq=southern+%22greek+dominated%22+albanian&hl=el&ei=2R10TajnKsmb8QOu7PTRAQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCwQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=%22southern%20and%20Greek-dominated%20Yanya%20vilayet.%22&f=false Albanian identities: myth and history]. Indiana University Press, 2002. ISBN 9780253341891, p. 57.</ref><ref>[http://books.google.gr/books?id=9j71caZgTHQC&pg=PA250&dq=Prevesa+Hamdi&hl=en&ei=kcJ0TcGcC8Wl8QPUvp2vCA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=4&ved=0CD8Q6AEwAw#v=snippet&q=However%2C%20there%20were%20also%20regions%2C%20such%20as%20the%20province%20of%20Kossovo%20and%20Janina%20where%20the%20population%20was%20predominantly%20Albanian&f=false The revolution of 1908 in Turkey], Aykut Kansu</ref><ref>Stephanie Schwandner-Sievers,Bernd Jürgen Fischer. [http://books.google.com/books?id=oRASDq3rc-YC&pg=PA57&dq=southern+%22greek+dominated%22+albanian&hl=el&ei=2R10TajnKsmb8QOu7PTRAQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCwQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=%22southern%20and%20Greek-dominated%20Yanya%20vilayet.%22&f=false Albanian identities: myth and history]. Indiana University Press, 2002. ISBN 9780253341891, p. 57.</ref>
Transactions of the Royal Historical Society] Royal Historical Society</ref> <ref>[http://books.google.gr/books?id=OkQ5bS095egC&pg=PA17&dq=Ottomans+classified&hl=el&ei=8k97Taf6D4T-4wbCvN3CBQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=2&ved=0CDUQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=Ottomans%20classified&f=false Sarajevo:A Bosnian Kaleidoscope], Fran Markowitz</ref><ref>[http://books.google.gr/books?id=6RveDmHbIv8C&pg=PA130&dq=Ottoman+statistics+%2B+religion&hl=el&ei=gkh7Tf7_HomG4AbF9biTBg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=4&ved=0CDcQ6AEwAw#v=onepage&q=Ottoman%20statistics%20%2B%20religion&f=false Region, Regional Identity and Regionalism in Southeastern Europe], Klaus Roth</ref><ref>[http://books.google.gr/books?ei=PFR7TdWTMcLj4gagh4jNBQ&ct=result&id=ES8OAQAAMAAJ&dq=Ottomans+classification+populations&q=The+Ottoman+Empire+did+not+use+language+group+as+a+population+classification.+As+a+religious+state%2C+it+divided+its+citizens+into+religious+groups%2C+mi+1+1+ets+%2C+and+classified+them+by+religion#search_anchor The Arab world, Turkey, and the Balkans (1878-1914): a handbook of historical statistics] Justin McCarthy</ref> The vilayet was predominantly inhabited by [[Albanians]] and [[Greeks]], while the major religions were Islam and Christian Orthodoxy.<ref>Justin McCarthy. [http://books.google.gr/books?ei=XK90TZf9LYWn8QPtvKSvCA&ct=result&id=1ZntAAAAMAAJ&dq=%22yanya+vilayeti%22&q=%22Certain+of+the+districts+taken+by+Greece%2C+such+as+those+from+Yanya+Vilayeti%2C+were+indeed+heavily+Greek%22#search_anchor Death and exile: the ethnic cleansing of Ottoman Muslims, 1821-1922]. Darwin Press, 1995. ISBN 9780878500949, p. 162</ref><ref name="schwanders">Stephanie Schwanders-Sievers,Bernd Jürgen Fischer. [http://books.google.com/books?id=oRASDq3rc-YC&pg=PA57&dq=southern+%22greek+dominated%22+albanian&hl=el&ei=2R10TajnKsmb8QOu7PTRAQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCwQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=%22southern%20and%20Greek-dominated%20Yanya%20vilayet.%22&f=false Albanian identities: myth and history]. Indiana University Press, 2002. ISBN 9780253341891, p. 57.</ref><ref>[http://books.google.gr/books?id=9j71caZgTHQC&pg=PA250&dq=Prevesa+Hamdi&hl=en&ei=kcJ0TcGcC8Wl8QPUvp2vCA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=4&ved=0CD8Q6AEwAw#v=snippet&q=However%2C%20there%20were%20also%20regions%2C%20such%20as%20the%20province%20of%20Kossovo%20and%20Janina%20where%20the%20population%20was%20predominantly%20Albanian&f=false The revolution of 1908 in Turkey], Aykut Kansu</ref> The southern part of the region, was dominated by Greeks, especially this part that would be later incorporated to Greece.<ref>Justin McCarthy. [http://books.google.gr/books?ei=XK90TZf9LYWn8QPtvKSvCA&ct=result&id=1ZntAAAAMAAJ&dq=%22yanya+vilayeti%22&q=%22Certain+of+the+districts+taken+by+Greece%2C+such+as+those+from+Yanya+Vilayeti%2C+were+indeed+heavily+Greek%22#search_anchor Death and exile: the ethnic cleansing of Ottoman Muslims, 1821-1922]. Darwin Press, 1995. ISBN 9780878500949, p. 162</ref><ref>Stephanie Schwandner-Sievers,Bernd Jürgen Fischer. [http://books.google.com/books?id=oRASDq3rc-YC&pg=PA57&dq=southern+%22greek+dominated%22+albanian&hl=el&ei=2R10TajnKsmb8QOu7PTRAQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCwQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=%22southern%20and%20Greek-dominated%20Yanya%20vilayet.%22&f=false Albanian identities: myth and history]. Indiana University Press, 2002. ISBN 9780253341891, p. 57.</ref>


According to Aram Andonyan and Zavren Biberyan in 1908 of a total population of 648,000, 315,000 inhabitants were [[Albanians]], most of which were Muslims and Orthodox, although some were adherents of Roman Catholicism.<ref name="Erickson2003">{{cite book|last=Erickson|first=Edward J.|title=Defeat in detail: the Ottoman Army in the Balkans, 1912-1913|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=3fYuy5iUi_sC&pg=PA41|accessdate=23 January 2011|year=2003|publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group|isbn=9780275978884|page=41}}</ref> [[Aromanians]] and [[Greeks]] were about 180,000 and 110,000 respectively.<ref name="Erickson2003"/> Smaller communities included [[Bulgarians]], [[Turks]] [[Romani people|Romanis]] and [[Jews]].<ref name="Erickson2003"/>
According to Aram Andonyan and Zavren Biberyan in 1908 of a total population of 648,000, 315,000 inhabitants were [[Albanians]], most of which were Muslims and Orthodox, although some were adherents of Roman Catholicism.<ref name="Erickson2003">{{cite book|last=Erickson|first=Edward J.|title=Defeat in detail: the Ottoman Army in the Balkans, 1912-1913|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=3fYuy5iUi_sC&pg=PA41|accessdate=23 January 2011|year=2003|publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group|isbn=9780275978884|page=41}}</ref> [[Aromanians]] and [[Greeks]] were about 180,000 and 110,000 respectively.<ref name="Erickson2003"/> Smaller communities included [[Bulgarians]], [[Turks]] [[Romani people|Romanis]] and [[Jews]].<ref name="Erickson2003"/>
According Michail Sakellariou of a total population of 550,000 the sanjaks of Ioannina, Preveza and Gjirokastër were predominantly Greek, the sanjak of Igoumenitsa (Then Gümeniçe, Reşadiye between 1909-1913 due to honour of [[Mehmet V]], Ottoman Sultan) had a slight majority of Greeks, while that of Berat north was predominantly Albanian.<ref name=Sakellariou480/><ref name=Sakellariou356/> According to Sakellariou, the official Ottoman statistics in the Vilayet of Ioannina had the tendency to favor the Albanian element at the expense of the Greek one.<ref name=Sakellariou356>{{Cite book |last= Sakellariou|first= M. V. |title=Epirus, 4000 years of Greek history and civilization|publisher=Ekdotike Athenon |year=1997 |url=http://books.google.com/books?ei=1JQ8TefFHc-B5AbzvJTtCg&ct=result&hl=el&id=UV1oAAAAMAAJ&dq=1908%2Bporte%2B550000%2Bepirus&q=%22the+statistics+produced+by+the+Porte+in+1908+estimate+the+population+of+Epirus+as+approximately+550000%2C+a+figure+which+could+be%22#search_anchor | page = 356 |isbn=9789602133712}}</ref> According to Sakellariou Greeks were the most numerous at 300,000, Albanians second at 210,000, while there were also 25,000 [[Aromanians]] and 3,000 Jews.
According Michail Sakellariou of a total population of 550,000 the sanjaks of Ioannina, Preveza and Gjirokastër were predominantly Greek, the sanjak of Igoumenitsa (Then Gümeniçe, Reşadiye between 1909-1913 due to honour of [[Mehmet V]], Ottoman Sultan) had a slight majority of Greeks, while that of Berat north was predominantly Albanian.<ref name=Sakellariou480/><ref name=Sakellariou356/> According to Sakellariou, the official Ottoman statistics in the Vilayet of Ioannina had the tendency to favor the Albanian element at the expense of the Greek one.<ref name=Sakellariou356>{{Cite book |last= Sakellariou|first= M. V. |title=Epirus, 4000 years of Greek history and civilization|publisher=Ekdotike Athenon |year=1997 |url=http://books.google.com/books?ei=1JQ8TefFHc-B5AbzvJTtCg&ct=result&hl=el&id=UV1oAAAAMAAJ&dq=1908%2Bporte%2B550000%2Bepirus&q=%22the+statistics+produced+by+the+Porte+in+1908+estimate+the+population+of+Epirus+as+approximately+550000%2C+a+figure+which+could+be%22#search_anchor | page = 356 |isbn=9789602133712}}</ref> Even so, Greeks were the most numerous at 300,000, Albanians second at 210,000, while there were also 25,000 [[Aromanians]] and 3,000 Jews.


According to Sir [[Hamilton Alexander Rosskeen Gibb]] in 1895 there were c.224,000 Muslims. The Orthodox population included c.118,000 Greeks and c.129,500 Albanians, while the Jewish population amounted to 3,500 people.<ref>{{cite book|last=Gibb|first=Hamilton|title=Encyclopedia of Islam|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=DXcRAQAAMAAJ&q=Yanya+%2B+Albanians+%2B+Jews&dq=Yanya+%2B+Albanians+%2B+Jews&hl=en&ei=O7g9TcPTBsig8QO0_PmbCA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=4&ved=0CDIQ6AEwAw|accessdate=5 March 2011|year= 1954|publisher=Brill|page=652}}</ref> According to Zafer Golen 2/3 of the population were Albanian Muslims <ref>[http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:BMKmnpEhlLAJ:uam.mehmetakif.edu.tr/mehmetakif/files/ZaferGOLEN_makif_yenipazar%2520.pdf+Yanya+vilayeti+%252B+Arnavut&hl=en MEHMET AKĠF ERSOY’UN GENÇLĠĞĠNDE BALKANLAR’DA OSMANLI]</ref>, while according to Ioannis Chasiotis c.419,500 of the total population were Greeks.<ref name="Chasiotis"/> According to Justin McCarthy the southern part of the region, was dominated by Greeks, especially the part that would be later incorporated to Greece.<ref>Justin McCarthy. [http://books.google.gr/books?ei=XK90TZf9LYWn8QPtvKSvCA&ct=result&id=1ZntAAAAMAAJ&dq=%22yanya+vilayeti%22&q=%22Certain+of+the+districts+taken+by+Greece%2C+such+as+those+from+Yanya+Vilayeti%2C+were+indeed+heavily+Greek%22#search_anchor Death and exile: the ethnic cleansing of Ottoman Muslims, 1821-1922]. Darwin Press, 1995. ISBN 9780878500949, p. 162</ref>
According to Sir [[Hamilton Alexander Rosskeen Gibb]] in 1895 there were c.224,000 Muslims. The Orthodox population included c.118,000 Greeks and c.129,500 Albanians, while the Jewish population amounted to 3,500 people.<ref>{{cite book|last=Gibb|first=Hamilton|title=Encyclopedia of Islam|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=DXcRAQAAMAAJ&q=Yanya+%2B+Albanians+%2B+Jews&dq=Yanya+%2B+Albanians+%2B+Jews&hl=en&ei=O7g9TcPTBsig8QO0_PmbCA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=4&ved=0CDIQ6AEwAw|accessdate=5 March 2011|year= 1954|publisher=Brill|page=652}}</ref> According to Zafer Golen 2/3 of the population were Albanian Muslims <ref>[http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:BMKmnpEhlLAJ:uam.mehmetakif.edu.tr/mehmetakif/files/ZaferGOLEN_makif_yenipazar%2520.pdf+Yanya+vilayeti+%252B+Arnavut&hl=en MEHMET AKĠF ERSOY’UN GENÇLĠĞĠNDE BALKANLAR’DA OSMANLI]</ref>, while according to Ioannis Chasiotis c.419,500 of the total population were Greeks.<ref name="Chasiotis"/>




Revision as of 19:23, 12 March 2011

Yanya Vilayet
Vilayet of Ottoman Empire
1864–1913

Yanya Vilayet in 1864
CapitalYanya
Population 
• 1908
558,000
History 
• Established
1864
• Disestablished
1913

The Ioannina or Yanya Vilayet (Turkish: Yanya Eyaleti) was a vilayet of the Ottoman Empire in the Balkan Peninsula composed of the four sanjaks Ioannina, Berat, Gjirokastër and Preveza. In modern times is included in parts of central and southern Albania, the entire Epirus periphery as well as parts of Macedonia and Thessaly in Greece.

It was created by merging Pashalik of Yanina and Pashalik of Berat with sanjaks of Yanya, Berat, Ergiri, Preveze and Kesriye. Kesriye was later demoted to kaza and bounded to Monastir Vilayet.

Demographics

There have been a number of estimates about the ethnicity and the religious affiliation of the local population. The Ottoman Empire classified and counted its citizens according to religion and not ethnicity, which led to inefficient censi and lack of the classification of populations according to their ethnic groups.[1][2] [3][4][5] The vilayet was predominantly inhabited by Albanians and Greeks, while the major religions were Islam and Christian Orthodoxy.[6][7][8] The southern part of the region, was dominated by Greeks, especially this part that would be later incorporated to Greece.[9][10]

According to Aram Andonyan and Zavren Biberyan in 1908 of a total population of 648,000, 315,000 inhabitants were Albanians, most of which were Muslims and Orthodox, although some were adherents of Roman Catholicism.[11] Aromanians and Greeks were about 180,000 and 110,000 respectively.[11] Smaller communities included Bulgarians, Turks Romanis and Jews.[11] According Michail Sakellariou of a total population of 550,000 the sanjaks of Ioannina, Preveza and Gjirokastër were predominantly Greek, the sanjak of Igoumenitsa (Then Gümeniçe, Reşadiye between 1909-1913 due to honour of Mehmet V, Ottoman Sultan) had a slight majority of Greeks, while that of Berat north was predominantly Albanian.[12][13] According to Sakellariou, the official Ottoman statistics in the Vilayet of Ioannina had the tendency to favor the Albanian element at the expense of the Greek one.[13] Even so, Greeks were the most numerous at 300,000, Albanians second at 210,000, while there were also 25,000 Aromanians and 3,000 Jews.

According to Sir Hamilton Alexander Rosskeen Gibb in 1895 there were c.224,000 Muslims. The Orthodox population included c.118,000 Greeks and c.129,500 Albanians, while the Jewish population amounted to 3,500 people.[14] According to Zafer Golen 2/3 of the population were Albanian Muslims [15], while according to Ioannis Chasiotis c.419,500 of the total population were Greeks.[16]


Ethnic distribution of Yanya Vilayet[11][12][16]
Ethnicity Number
Greeks 110,000-419,403
Albanians 210,000-315,000
Aromanians 25,000-180,000
Turks 10,000-20,000
Bulgarians 20,000
Romani 7,000
Jews 3,000-6,000
Total 558,000-648,000

References

  1. ^ classified Turkish Foreign Policy, 1774-2000 William M. Hale
  2. ^ [http://books.google.gr/books?id=E_WXPJH5kAcC&pg=PA96&dq=Ottomans+classified&hl=en&ei=8k97Taf6D4T-4wbCvN3CBQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=3&ved=0CDoQ6AEwAg#v=onepage&q=Ottomans Transactions of the Royal Historical Society] Royal Historical Society
  3. ^ Sarajevo:A Bosnian Kaleidoscope, Fran Markowitz
  4. ^ Region, Regional Identity and Regionalism in Southeastern Europe, Klaus Roth
  5. ^ The Arab world, Turkey, and the Balkans (1878-1914): a handbook of historical statistics Justin McCarthy
  6. ^ Justin McCarthy. Death and exile: the ethnic cleansing of Ottoman Muslims, 1821-1922. Darwin Press, 1995. ISBN 9780878500949, p. 162
  7. ^ Stephanie Schwanders-Sievers,Bernd Jürgen Fischer. Albanian identities: myth and history. Indiana University Press, 2002. ISBN 9780253341891, p. 57.
  8. ^ The revolution of 1908 in Turkey, Aykut Kansu
  9. ^ Justin McCarthy. Death and exile: the ethnic cleansing of Ottoman Muslims, 1821-1922. Darwin Press, 1995. ISBN 9780878500949, p. 162
  10. ^ Stephanie Schwandner-Sievers,Bernd Jürgen Fischer. Albanian identities: myth and history. Indiana University Press, 2002. ISBN 9780253341891, p. 57.
  11. ^ a b c d Erickson, Edward J. (2003). Defeat in detail: the Ottoman Army in the Balkans, 1912-1913. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 41. ISBN 9780275978884. Retrieved 23 January 2011.
  12. ^ a b Sakellariou, M. V. (1997). Epirus, 4000 years of Greek history and civilization. Ekdotike Athenon. p. 480. ISBN 9789602133712.
  13. ^ a b Sakellariou, M. V. (1997). Epirus, 4000 years of Greek history and civilization. Ekdotike Athenon. p. 356. ISBN 9789602133712.
  14. ^ Gibb, Hamilton (1954). Encyclopedia of Islam. Brill. p. 652. Retrieved 5 March 2011.
  15. ^ MEHMET AKĠF ERSOY’UN GENÇLĠĞĠNDE BALKANLAR’DA OSMANLI
  16. ^ a b M. V. Sakellariou. Epirus, 4000 years of Greek history and civilization. Ekdotikē Athēnōn, 1997, ISBN 9789602133712, p. 356

See also

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Janina_vilayet&oldid=418496412"