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{{korean name|[[Jeong (Korean name)|Jung]] (정)}}
{{korean name|[[Jeong (Korean name)|Jung]] (정)}}
'''Jung Myung-Seok''' (born February 3, 1945) is the founder of an international Christian [[new religious movement|religious movement]] [[Providence (religion)|Providence]]. He is also known by the names of '''Joshua Jung''', and JMS.<ref name="Magazine Article: Retrial need for JMS">{{cite journal|first=Moon Il Seok|title=Retrial needed for the case of Jung Myung Seok|journal=Civil Government|url=http://providencetrial.com/jms-in-the-news-full-report-reveals-all/|accessdate=23 March 2011}}</ref> Since founding his first church in Seoul, South Korea in 1980 Jung has developed his organization into a religious movement. After rape allegations he fled Korea in 1999. Jung was finally arrested by Chinese police in May 2007.<ref name=theaustralian>{{cite news| url=http://www.theaustralian.news.com.au/story/0,20867,21732554-2703,00.html| title=Asian Cult Leader Arrested| publisher=[[The Australian]]| date=2007-05-15|accessdate=2008-02-27}}</ref> In April 2009, the Supreme court of South Korea sentenced him to 10 years imprisonment.<ref name="Magazine Article: Retrial need for JMS">{{cite journal|first=Moon Il Seok|title=Retrial needed for the case of Jung Myung Seok|journal=Civil Government|url=http://providencetrial.com/jms-in-the-news-full-report-reveals-all/|accessdate=23 March 2011}}</ref>
'''Jung Myung-Seok''' (born February 3, 1945) is the founder of an international Christian [[new religious movement|religious movement]] [[Providence (religion)|Providence]]. He is also known by the names of '''Joshua Jung''', and JMS.<ref name="Magazine Article: Retrial need for JMS">{{cite journal|first=Moon Il Seok|title=Retrial needed for the case of Jung Myung Seok|journal=Civil Government|url=http://providencetrial.com/jms-in-the-news-full-report-reveals-all/|accessdate=23 March 2011}}</ref>

Since founding his first church in Seoul, South Korea in 1980 Jung has developed his organization into a religious movement with churches in more than 50 different nations over the course of the past 30 years. He has also established organizations celebrating culture, peace, and the arts including the [[Global Association of Culture and Peace]] (GACP) and Peace Model.<ref name="Gospel of Providence">{{cite web|title=Gospel of Providence|url=http://www.GospelofProvidence.com|publisher=Providence (Religious Movement)}}</ref>

In 1999 Jung was accused of sexual assault and he was officially charged in 2001.<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.npa.go.kr/eng/visitor/visitorView.jsp?seq=406| title=Visitor board| publisher=[[Law enforcement in South Korea|Korean National Police Agency]]| date=2005-07-04| accessdate=2008-02-27}}</ref> In 1999 He fled Korea and expanded his organization in Europe and various different regions in Asia. In May 2007 Jung was taken into custody by Chinese police and imprisoned in China for 10 months.<ref name="foxnews">{{cite news| url=http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,272712,00.html| title=Alleged South Korean Rape Cult Leader Arrested in China| publisher=[[Fox News Channel|Fox News]]| date=2007-05-16| accessdate=2008-02-27}}</ref>

In January 2008, the [[Supreme Court of South Korea]] tried Jung based on the testimonies of two young women.<ref name="yonhap">{{cite news| url=http://english.yonhapnews.co.kr/national/2008/02/23/56/0302000000AEN20080223001200315F.HTML| title=Religious sect leader formally arrested on rape charges| publisher=[[Yonhap]]| date=2008-02-23| accessdate=2008-02-27}}</ref><ref>{{cite news| url=http://nuri.donga.com/nurinews/view.php?k_id=200801110239&m=2|publisher=[[DongA]]|title=JMS 정명석씨, 신도 성폭행 6천만원 위자료 확정|date=2008-01-11|accessdate=2008-01-27}}</ref> In August 2008, Jung was convicted and sentenced to six years imprisonment. In April 2009, the Supreme court of South Korea extended the sentence to 10 years imprisonment.<ref name="Magazine Article: Retrial need for JMS" /> He is currently serving his sentence and still continues to publish proverbs, songs, books, as well as the Sunday and Wednesday sermons for Providence churches all over the world every week.<ref name="Christians on Trial Article">{{cite web|title=Christians on trial: Joshua Jeong Myung Seok|url=http://providencetrial.com/christians-on-trial-jeong-myeong-seok/|publisher=ProvidenceTrial.com|accessdate=22 March 2011}}</ref><ref name="Gospel of Providence" />


==Early biography==
==Early biography==
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A monthly magazine, Civil Government, published an article under the title, “Why is JMS (CGM)’s President Jung Myung Seok carrying the cross?” and listed the problems of his trials, item by item. Cha, an active journalist who had been following the case and frequenting police stations for eleven years reported the following:{{cquote|A Media took an excerpt from a 1995 Sunday sermon entitled, “Life of Thanksgiving.” The Media modulated President Jung’s voice in the part where he says, ‘The tithe of life—evangelize one person out of ten’ to make it difficult to clearly hear what he actually says. Then the Media added a subtitle that read, ‘one woman,’ when it was aired. This quote inevitably made the viewers think President Jung Myung Seok to be a leader with sexual problems. Furthermore, when the Media aired the footage of the services or events of the organization, even though both males and females are shown in the original video, the Media edited the scenes so that only females would be visible. In this way, A Media gave the audience an impression that President Jung was a religious leader who dealt only with females.|30px|30px|Civil Government|''[http://providencetrial.com/jms-in-the-news-full-report-reveals-all/ Magazine/ Retrial needed for the case of Jung Myung Seok]''}}
A monthly magazine, Civil Government, published an article under the title, “Why is JMS (CGM)’s President Jung Myung Seok carrying the cross?” and listed the problems of his trials, item by item. Cha, an active journalist who had been following the case and frequenting police stations for eleven years reported the following:{{cquote|A Media took an excerpt from a 1995 Sunday sermon entitled, “Life of Thanksgiving.” The Media modulated President Jung’s voice in the part where he says, ‘The tithe of life—evangelize one person out of ten’ to make it difficult to clearly hear what he actually says. Then the Media added a subtitle that read, ‘one woman,’ when it was aired. This quote inevitably made the viewers think President Jung Myung Seok to be a leader with sexual problems. Furthermore, when the Media aired the footage of the services or events of the organization, even though both males and females are shown in the original video, the Media edited the scenes so that only females would be visible. In this way, A Media gave the audience an impression that President Jung was a religious leader who dealt only with females.|30px|30px|Civil Government|''[http://providencetrial.com/jms-in-the-news-full-report-reveals-all/ Magazine/ Retrial needed for the case of Jung Myung Seok]''}}


Jung's accusers refused to give their identity remaining unnamed and the journalists did not interview anyone from the church resulting in one sided reporting. The Media’s biased report was found to be legally wrongful at that time. In Korea, Providence church filed a suit against the Korean news and the court ruled in favor of the church, ordering the following: 1) the media must not use one-sided material provided by the informer and others; 2) the media must inform the organization 48 hours before broadcasting; 3) the media must guarantee 5% of the broadcasting time to [the Church] so that their rebuttal will also be aired; 4) if these orders are violated, the media must pay damages in the amount of 30 million won (about the equivalent of $30,000) for each violation. The court decision acknowledging the media’s errors and biased reporting was not made widely known to viewers. But a similar case was filed in Taiwan and the Taiwanese news media that broadcasted the report made a public apology.<ref name="Magazine Article: Retrial need for JMS" /><ref name="Christians on Trial Artcle" />
Jung's accusers refused to give their identity remaining unnamed and the journalists did not interview anyone from the church resulting in one sided reporting. The Media’s biased report was found to be legally wrongful at that time. In Korea, Providence church filed a suit against the Korean news and the court ruled in favor of the church, ordering the following: 1) the media must not use one-sided material provided by the informer and others; 2) the media must inform the organization 48 hours before broadcasting; 3) the media must guarantee 5% of the broadcasting time to [the Church] so that their rebuttal will also be aired; 4) if these orders are violated, the media must pay damages in the amount of 30 million won (about the equivalent of $30,000) for each violation. The court decision acknowledging the media’s errors and biased reporting was not made widely known to viewers. But a similar case was filed in Taiwan and the Taiwanese news media that broadcasted the report made a public apology.<ref name="Magazine Article: Retrial need for JMS" /><ref name="Christians on Trial Artcle">{{cite web|last=Jeong|first=Joshua|title="Christians on Trial - Joshua Jung Myung Seok"|url=http://providencetrial.com/christians-on-trial-jeong-myeong-seok/|publisher=ProvidenceTrial.com|accessdate=Feb 6, 2011}}</ref>


===Problems during Jung's trial===
===Problems during Jung's trial===
Line 59: Line 65:
The letter was hand-written by "the informer" himself, including his seal and photo. He even had the letter authenticated before he sent it to the Church’s central office.
The letter was hand-written by "the informer" himself, including his seal and photo. He even had the letter authenticated before he sent it to the Church’s central office.


The court relied only on the testimony of the plaintiffs and not on any evidence presented. It was revealed that the plaintiffs made up evidence to exaggerate and falsify. Even though it was exposed that the witnesses were unsavory enough to concoct evidence in an attempt to strengthen their argument, the judges accepted the charges brought by the plaintiffs.<ref name="Christians on Trial Article">{{cite web|last=Jeong|first=Joshua|title="Christians on Trial - Joshua Jung Myung Seok"|url=http://providencetrial.com/christians-on-trial-jeong-myeong-seok/|publisher=ProvidenceTrial.com|accessdate=Feb 6, 2011}}</ref>
[[User:MrTownCar|MrTownCar]] ([[User talk:MrTownCar|talk]]) 18:04, 15 October 2012 (UTC)

The court relied only on the testimony of the plaintiffs and not on any evidence presented. It was revealed that the plaintiffs made up evidence to exaggerate and falsify. Even though it was exposed that the witnesses were unsavory enough to concoct evidence in an attempt to strengthen their argument, the judges accepted the charges brought by the plaintiffs.<ref name="Christians on Trial Artcle" />


===Prison sentence and possibility of retrial===
===Prison sentence and possibility of retrial===
In August 2008, Jung was sentenced to six years imprisonment. In April 2009, the Supreme court of South Korea extended the sentence to 10 years imprisonment. In the event Jung’s side files a motion for retrial based on the new evidences or material that could reverse the previous finding, seeking acquittal, it is expected that this case may be placed at a stage where it seeks a new ruling through a retrial. However, since the prosecutor’s office and the court stand behind the accusations of the plaintiffs and the informer, with the court ruling in their favor, it is unknown whether this case can be reversed at retrial.<ref name="Magazine Article: Retrial need for JMS" />
In August 2008, Jung was sentenced to six years imprisonment. In April 2009, the Supreme court of South Korea extended the sentence to 10 years imprisonment. In the event Jung’s side files a motion for retrial based on the new evidences or material that could reverse the previous finding, seeking acquittal, it is expected that this case may be placed at a stage where it seeks a new ruling through a retrial. However, since the prosecutor’s office and the court stand behind the accusations of the plaintiffs and the informer, with the court ruling in their favor, it is unknown whether this case can be reversed at retrial.<ref name="Magazine Article: Retrial need for JMS" />

==Jung’s teachings==

Upon his return from China, Jung began preaching that the most urgent thing for this time period is to prepare for the Lord's imminent second coming which Jung states will happen very soon. A common theme in Jung's sermons is that believers should prepare in their daily life of faith by maintaining a bride level relationship of spiritual love with the Lord as preached in the Matthew 25:1-13<ref name="Sunday Message Sermon: Prepare the Oil">{{cite web|title=Sunday Message Sermon: Prepare the Oil|url=http://gospelofprovidence.com/2009/03/prepare-the-oil/|work=Sunday Message Sermons preached in Providence Churches|publisher=gospelofprovidence.com|accessdate=March 1, 2009}}</ref>

Providence churches share many of the same doctrines as most Christian denominations. The difference is Providence doctrines interpret the prophecies pertaining to this time period more spiritually. Most traditional Christian churches interpret scripture to have literal meanings. But according to Jung's interpretation, scriptures referring to rapture, resurrection, advent, and even the Lord's second coming shouldn't only be understood to have only a literal physical meaning, but also a fundamental spiritual meaning. He also stresses that the Lord Jesus Christ will not come back in his physical body at the second coming, but will come in spirit and must be received in spirit.<ref name="Sunday Message Sermon by Joshua Jeong">{{cite web|last=Jeong|first=Joshua|title=Sermon: Listen to My Word and Believe in the One I Sent Then, a Great History Will Take Place|url=http://gospelofprovidence.com/2011/02/sun-msg-listen-to-my-word-and-believe-in-the-one-i-sent-then-a-great-history-will-take-place/|publisher=Gospel of Providence|accessdate=Feb 6, 2011}}</ref>


===Current Situation===
===Current Situation===
He is currently serving his sentence and still continues to publish proverbs, songs, books, as well as the Sunday and Wednesday message for Providence churches all over the world every week.<ref name="Christians on Trial Artcle" />
He is currently serving his sentence and still continues to publish proverbs, songs, books, as well as the Sunday and Wednesday message for Providence churches all over the world every week.<ref name="Christians on Trial Article" />


==References==
==References==

Revision as of 04:18, 13 January 2013

Jung Myung-seok
Jung Myung-seok
Hangul
정명석
Hanja
鄭明析
Revised RomanizationJeong Myeong(-)seok
McCune–ReischauerChŏng Myŏng-sŏk

Template:Korean name Jung Myung-Seok (born February 3, 1945) is the founder of an international Christian religious movement Providence. He is also known by the names of Joshua Jung, and JMS.[1]

Since founding his first church in Seoul, South Korea in 1980 Jung has developed his organization into a religious movement with churches in more than 50 different nations over the course of the past 30 years. He has also established organizations celebrating culture, peace, and the arts including the Global Association of Culture and Peace (GACP) and Peace Model.[2]

In 1999 Jung was accused of sexual assault and he was officially charged in 2001.[3] In 1999 He fled Korea and expanded his organization in Europe and various different regions in Asia. In May 2007 Jung was taken into custody by Chinese police and imprisoned in China for 10 months.[4]

In January 2008, the Supreme Court of South Korea tried Jung based on the testimonies of two young women.[5][6] In August 2008, Jung was convicted and sentenced to six years imprisonment. In April 2009, the Supreme court of South Korea extended the sentence to 10 years imprisonment.[1] He is currently serving his sentence and still continues to publish proverbs, songs, books, as well as the Sunday and Wednesday sermons for Providence churches all over the world every week.[7][2]

Early biography

and one daughter. According to him he began calling out to God at age 6 and attending the local church at 9 years old. His family were very poor farmers. Though his older brothers continued to learn on into high school, his parents pulled him out of school after completing the elementary years to work the fields complaining that it was too expensive to continue his basic education.

File:Jms in vietnam.jpg
J.M.S. in vietnam

He spent all of his early years and teens up in the mountains until 1966, when he was drafted into his first term of service in the Vietnam war. After his first term he returned voluntarily to serve a second term, fulfilling two terms of duty in Vietnam (1966 to 1969). Once his service in Vietnam was complete he returned to his life of prayer and farming in his small hometown village.[8]

On June 1, 1978 he left his village at 34 years old and went to Seoul, South Korea. There he began his first church which over the course of the last 30 years has grown into the international religious movement known as, "Providence."[8]

In March 1982, he established MS Missionaries (Christian Gospel Mission today). The following November he graduated from Wesley Theological School.[8]

In February 2001, he founded Christian Gospel Mission (CGM) Volunteer Group. During this period he also founded Global Association of Culture and Peace (GACP), which held large international assemblies to celebrate culture and the arts including modeling, fashion, cheer, and sports. He visited and helped establish the international Providence churches outside of Korea including United States, England, France, Germany, Japan, Taiwan, Korea, Canada, Malaysia, Singapore, Australia, and New Zealand.[8][9]

In the 1970s Jung was a member of the Unification Church, before breaking off to create the dissenting group now known as Providence around 1980 in South Korea.[10]

Media broadcasts and news reports

In 1999, Seoul Broadcasting System (SBS) in Korea reported about sexual abuse allegedly committed by Jung. This resulted in Jung fleeing the country one day later. He was officially charged in 2001. Accusations also surfaced in other countries, and in 2001 he was investigated by Taiwanese authorities causing him to flee Taiwan.[11]

Jung was arrested in 2003 for illegal stay in Hong Kong but when released on bail, fled the extradition hearing.[12][13] Following this, he was arrested in May 2007 in China.[1]

In April 2006, a press conference was held by EXODUS in which four unidentified women accused Jung of organised sex crimes against themselves and other women[14] which necessitated medical treatment.[15]

In January 2008, the Supreme Court of South Korea found Jung guilty on two accounts of sexual abuse.[5]

Trial and Conviction

Media broadcasts and news reports

When rape allegations against Jung from anonymous accusers surfaced, the news media broadcasts in Korea, Japan, and Taiwan as well as the articles printed in newspaper tabloids published the sensational material labeling Jung a criminal even before a formal accusation had been made and it labeled the organization of Providence as a cult.

A monthly magazine, Civil Government, published an article under the title, “Why is JMS (CGM)’s President Jung Myung Seok carrying the cross?” and listed the problems of his trials, item by item. Cha, an active journalist who had been following the case and frequenting police stations for eleven years reported the following:

A Media took an excerpt from a 1995 Sunday sermon entitled, “Life of Thanksgiving.” The Media modulated President Jung’s voice in the part where he says, ‘The tithe of life—evangelize one person out of ten’ to make it difficult to clearly hear what he actually says. Then the Media added a subtitle that read, ‘one woman,’ when it was aired. This quote inevitably made the viewers think President Jung Myung Seok to be a leader with sexual problems. Furthermore, when the Media aired the footage of the services or events of the organization, even though both males and females are shown in the original video, the Media edited the scenes so that only females would be visible. In this way, A Media gave the audience an impression that President Jung was a religious leader who dealt only with females.

Jung's accusers refused to give their identity remaining unnamed and the journalists did not interview anyone from the church resulting in one sided reporting. The Media’s biased report was found to be legally wrongful at that time. In Korea, Providence church filed a suit against the Korean news and the court ruled in favor of the church, ordering the following: 1) the media must not use one-sided material provided by the informer and others; 2) the media must inform the organization 48 hours before broadcasting; 3) the media must guarantee 5% of the broadcasting time to [the Church] so that their rebuttal will also be aired; 4) if these orders are violated, the media must pay damages in the amount of 30 million won (about the equivalent of $30,000) for each violation. The court decision acknowledging the media’s errors and biased reporting was not made widely known to viewers. But a similar case was filed in Taiwan and the Taiwanese news media that broadcasted the report made a public apology.[1][16]

Problems during Jung's trial

The magazine Civil Government 02-15-2010 issue also reported several reasons to doubt the validity of the testimonies given by Jung's initial accusers during the trial,

Plaintiff C, who filed the suit as co-plaintiffs and initially claimed that she was sexually assaulted, declared that she committed perjury, and she withdrew her suit. ... Plaintiff C completely denied the assault allegations. Even though the court warned her, saying ‘If your testimony differs from the contents of the complaint, you could be penalized,’ C clearly said, ‘I’m fine even if I will be penalized. The truth is that I was not sexually assaulted. Plaintiff D who filed the suit with me wasn’t raped or sexually assaulted either at all. But incited by the informer, she filed a false suit and has given false testimonies until now.’

Response

In response to the rape allegations, Providence pastor Bae Jae-yong said that it was "distorted rumor that was created by the people who have slandered him" and that "all fundamental truth will be clarified by [Jung] at the prosecutor's office". (This was before he was convicted.)MrTownCar (talk) 21:55, 15 October 2012 (UTC)

Events in 2006 - 2007

In April 2006, a press conference was held by EXODUS in which four unidentified women accused Jung of organised sex crimes against themselves and other women.[17] which necessitated medical treatment.[15] But according to Cha, the journalist who investigated the case for 11 years, the "informer" played the role of filing complaints on behalf of the plaintiffs behind the scenes and even wrote a letter of confession apologizing to Jung Myung Seok in which he said,

President Jeong, I deeply regret that I backstabbed you, defamed you by spreading scandals against you, and caused you a deep wound.

The letter was hand-written by "the informer" himself, including his seal and photo. He even had the letter authenticated before he sent it to the Church’s central office.

The court relied only on the testimony of the plaintiffs and not on any evidence presented. It was revealed that the plaintiffs made up evidence to exaggerate and falsify. Even though it was exposed that the witnesses were unsavory enough to concoct evidence in an attempt to strengthen their argument, the judges accepted the charges brought by the plaintiffs.[7]

Prison sentence and possibility of retrial

In August 2008, Jung was sentenced to six years imprisonment. In April 2009, the Supreme court of South Korea extended the sentence to 10 years imprisonment. In the event Jung’s side files a motion for retrial based on the new evidences or material that could reverse the previous finding, seeking acquittal, it is expected that this case may be placed at a stage where it seeks a new ruling through a retrial. However, since the prosecutor’s office and the court stand behind the accusations of the plaintiffs and the informer, with the court ruling in their favor, it is unknown whether this case can be reversed at retrial.[1]

Jung’s teachings

Upon his return from China, Jung began preaching that the most urgent thing for this time period is to prepare for the Lord's imminent second coming which Jung states will happen very soon. A common theme in Jung's sermons is that believers should prepare in their daily life of faith by maintaining a bride level relationship of spiritual love with the Lord as preached in the Matthew 25:1-13[18]

Providence churches share many of the same doctrines as most Christian denominations. The difference is Providence doctrines interpret the prophecies pertaining to this time period more spiritually. Most traditional Christian churches interpret scripture to have literal meanings. But according to Jung's interpretation, scriptures referring to rapture, resurrection, advent, and even the Lord's second coming shouldn't only be understood to have only a literal physical meaning, but also a fundamental spiritual meaning. He also stresses that the Lord Jesus Christ will not come back in his physical body at the second coming, but will come in spirit and must be received in spirit.[19]

Current Situation

He is currently serving his sentence and still continues to publish proverbs, songs, books, as well as the Sunday and Wednesday message for Providence churches all over the world every week.[7]

References

  1. ^ a b c d e "Retrial needed for the case of Jung Myung Seok". Civil Government. Retrieved 23 March 2011. {{cite journal}}: |first= missing |last= (help)
  2. ^ a b "Gospel of Providence". Providence (Religious Movement).
  3. ^ "Visitor board". Korean National Police Agency. 2005-07-04. Retrieved 2008-02-27.
  4. ^ "Alleged South Korean Rape Cult Leader Arrested in China". Fox News. 2007-05-16. Retrieved 2008-02-27.
  5. ^ a b "Religious sect leader formally arrested on rape charges". Yonhap. 2008-02-23. Retrieved 2008-02-27.
  6. ^ "JMS 정명석씨, 신도 성폭행 6천만원 위자료 확정". DongA. 2008-01-11. Retrieved 2008-01-27.
  7. ^ a b c "Christians on trial: Joshua Jeong Myung Seok". ProvidenceTrial.com. Retrieved 22 March 2011. Cite error: The named reference "Christians on Trial Article" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
  8. ^ a b c d "History of the Founding of Providence Church". providencetrial.com. Retrieved 21 March 2011.
  9. ^ "GospelOfProvidence.com".
  10. ^ Luca, Nathalie (2002). "After the Moon sect: South Korea and indoctrination through the sacred game of football". CNRS. Retrieved 2008-02-27. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  11. ^ "China extradites SKorea cult leader". Radio Australia. 2008-02-21. Retrieved 2008-02-27.
  12. ^ "Visitor Board". Korean National Police Agency. 2003-09-21. Retrieved 2006-11-21.
  13. ^ "Accused rapist cult leader faces extradition to Korea". News Limited. 2008-01-02. Retrieved 2008-02-27.
  14. ^ ""JMS 정명석 성폭행 계속...정부 뭐하나" 울분". CNB News. 2006-04-18. Retrieved 2006-11-21. English: [1]
  15. ^ a b ""JMS 정명석 성폭행 계속...정부 뭐하나" 울분". CNB News. 2006-04-18. Retrieved 2007-01-20. Cite error: The named reference "autogenerated1" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
  16. ^ Jeong, Joshua. ""Christians on Trial - Joshua Jung Myung Seok"". ProvidenceTrial.com. Retrieved Feb 6, 2011.
  17. ^ ""JMS 정명석 성폭행 계속...정부 뭐하나" 울분". CNB News. 2006-04-18. Retrieved 2006-11-21. English: [2]
  18. ^ "Sunday Message Sermon: Prepare the Oil". Sunday Message Sermons preached in Providence Churches. gospelofprovidence.com. Retrieved March 1, 2009.
  19. ^ Jeong, Joshua. "Sermon: Listen to My Word and Believe in the One I Sent Then, a Great History Will Take Place". Gospel of Providence. Retrieved Feb 6, 2011.

External links

Template:Persondata