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===Securities Exchange Act class-action lawsuit===
===Securities Exchange Act class-action lawsuit===
The company has been known for its literature, websites, and multi-level marketing with claims of scientific links to cellular glycobiology long disputed by the relevant individual Nobel prize winners.<ref name = "titleNobel Prize winners say sites falsely cite research">{{cite news | url = http://www.rickross.com/reference/mannatech/mannatech28.html | title = Nobel Prize winners say sites falsely cite research | publisher = Fort Worth Star-Telegram (Ross Institute Internet Archives) | date = September 11, 2006 | accessdate = 2009-05-27}}</ref>
The company has been known for its literature, websites, and multi-level marketing with claims of scientific links to cellular glycobiology long disputed by the relevant individual Nobel prize winners.<ref name = "titleNobel Prize winners say sites falsely cite research">{{cite news | title = Nobel Prize winners say sites falsely cite research | publisher = Fort Worth Star-Telegram | date = September 11, 2006 }}</ref>
On September 9, 2005 a class-action lawsuit was filed against Mannatech for alleged violations of the Securities Exchange Act. The plaintiff class accused Mannatech of violating the act by "issuing a series of material misrepresentations"; specifically: failing to control its sales associates and allowing them to make false claims concerning the efficacy of Mannatech products. The plaintiffs consisted of the purchasers of Mannatech stock during the period August 10, 2004 through July 30, 2007.<ref name = "titleMilberg Weiss Announces the Filing of a Class Action Lawsuit Against Mannatech, Inc."/>
On September 9, 2005 a class-action lawsuit was filed against Mannatech for alleged violations of the Securities Exchange Act. The plaintiff class accused Mannatech of violating the act by "issuing a series of material misrepresentations"; specifically: failing to control its sales associates and allowing them to make false claims concerning the efficacy of Mannatech products. The plaintiffs consisted of the purchasers of Mannatech stock during the period August 10, 2004 through July 30, 2007.<ref name = "titleMilberg Weiss Announces the Filing of a Class Action Lawsuit Against Mannatech, Inc."/>


Revision as of 11:59, 22 February 2013

Mannatech Inc.
Company typePublic (Nasdaq: MTEX)
IndustryWellness, Personal care,
Multi-level marketing
FoundedCoppell, Texas, U.S. (November 1993 (1993-11))
FounderSamuel L. Caster
Headquarters
600 S. Royal Lane, Suite 200, Coppell, Texas
,
U.S.
Key people
Robert Sinnott, Co-CEO
RevenueUS$(200,689,000) (2011)[1]
Decrease12.0% from 2010
US$(16,889,000) (2011)[1]
Decrease32.1% from 2010
US$(20,659,000) (2011)[1]
Decrease48.6% from 2010
WebsiteMannatech.com

Mannatech, Incorporated, is a multinational multi-level marketing firm engaged in research, development, and distribution of "glyconutrients," the company's name for blends of plant-sourced saccharides. Mannatech was founded in November 1993 by Samuel L. Caster and is headquartered in Coppell, Texas.[2] It operates in the United States, Canada, Australia, the United Kingdom, Japan, New Zealand, Republic of Korea, Taiwan, Denmark, Germany, Mexico, South Africa, Singapore, Sweden, Norway, Austria, the Netherlands, Ireland, Estonia, Finland and Czech Republic. The company's stock is traded on the NASDAQ exchange under the symbol MTEX. Mannatech employs over 550 people and sells its products through approximately 570,000 independent sales associates.[3] In 2006, Forbes magazine named Mannatech the #5 company on its annual list of the "200 Best Small Companies"[4] and in 2007 Mannatech was ranked 12th in BusinessWeek magazine's 2007 list of America's "Top 100 Hot Growth Small Companies."[5] Mannatech has experienced periods of public scrutiny regarding the efficacy of its products, including a class-action lawsuit in 2005[6] and an attorney general investigation in 2007,[7] but by 2009 the company had settled these issues and restructured its compliance department.[8] Mannatech now offers six-month money-back guarantees on all of its products.

Products

As of July 2011, the company offered 22 nutritional products, two topical products, five skin care products, and four weight-management/fitness products. Mannatech is most widely known for Ambrotose, its "glyconutritional" dietary supplement which is a patented blend of plant-sourced saccharides used in its line of Ambrotose products. Glyconutritionals were formulated to support cellular communication by positively impacting human glycoforms, a claim that has generated controversy among some members of the scientific community.[9] In an SEC filing, the company stated that its products "are formulated with predominately [sic] naturally-occurring, plant-derived, carbohydrate-based ingredients that are designed to use nutrients working through normal physiology to help achieve and maintain optimal health and wellness, rather than developing synthetic, carbohydrate-based products, as other companies are doing."[10]

Scientific evaluation

Independent commentary

The opinion of independent glycobiologists is that the body cannot digest Ambrotose, as it lacks the enzymes needed.[9] Prominent glycobiologist Dr. Ronald Schnaar, PhD of Johns Hopkins School of Medicine[11] told 20/20 in a June 1, 2007 interview, "All of the sugar building blocks that we need in our body are made from the most common foods we eat."[12]

Hudson Freeze, PhD, leading glycobiologist at the Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute[13] said this about glyconutrients: "There are authentic, scientific studies that have looked at people drinking these kinds of materials, and it doesn't really do anything except increase flatulence."[12] Dr. Freeze is a member of the editorial board of Glycobiology, whose current editor-in-chief is Dr. Schnaar.[14] Schnaar and Freeze published a critique of Mannatech's products in Glycobiology in 2008, describing the lack of published clinical benefits of the "partially purified polydisperse plant polysaccharides" found in "Ambrotose Complex."[15]

In Glycobiology, another article described the potential for the public to be misled about the science of glycobiology by the nebulous "glyconutrient" term.[16] The authors' concern was that the public would be susceptible to the "scientific-sounding label" of glyconutrient, which may "generate a feeling of security and credibility...despite the lack of acceptance among many glycobiologists of the term." In November 2007, Science published an article in its "News Focus" section detailing the scientific controversy surrounding Mannatech.[17] It included criticisms and comments from glycobiologists, including Ajit Varki, Raymond Dwek, Gerald Hart, James Paulson, Hudson Freeze, and Ronald Schnaar.

Company-funded studies

As stated on Mannatech’s websites, the company has sought expert scientists to conduct pre-clinical and clinical research on the company's products.[18] These studies have reported that the products can: 1) be broken down into smaller, absorbable fragments by GI tract bacteria[19] and 2) modify human serum glycosylation profiles.[20] Additional studies have shown that the products also exert positive prebiotic effects [21] and positive effects on human brain wave activity,[22] and cognition, mood and memory.[23][24]

In a study published in the International Journal of Food Microbiology in 2010, Drs. Massimo Marzorati and Sam Possemiers (University of Ghent and ProDigest, Ghent, Belgium) and colleagues employed human gastrointestinal tract simulations and microbiological analyses to show that Ambrotose® complex and Advanced Ambrotose® powder exerted positive prebiotic effects. Both products exhibited quality selective fermentability throughout the entire colon and positive and selective bifidogenic effects. They also demonstrated the possibility of enhancing species belonging to Bacteroidetes, a phylum recently associated with body weight management.[25]

In a five-week combined Phase 1 and 2 open label, forced titration dose response study of 21 healthy adults, physicians and scientists from Southern Cross University showed that the Ambratose AO dietary supplement was safe and raised serum Oxygen Radical Absorbance Capacity (ORAC) by 36.6%. The study was published in BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine. In a subsequent 21-day randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover trial of 25 healthy adults, scientists from the University of Memphis (Tennessee) showed that Ambrotose AO capsules significantly increased two measures of antioxidant capacity in the blood: ORAC and Trolox Equivalent Antioxidant Capacity (TEAC).[26]

Two clinical trials (one conducted in the U.S. and one in Australia) investigated the effect of Ambrotose complex on brain function. Drs. Atiya N. Stancil and Leslie H. Hicks of Howard University conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of Ambrotose in 62 healthy young adults. It was reported that a single one-tablespoon serving of Ambrotose complex significantly improved visual discrimination and working memory.[23] A trial in 109 healthy middle-aged adults conducted by Dr. Talitha Best (a Mannatech-funded researcher)[27] and colleagues from Flinders University in Australia showed that Ambrotose complex powder (4 grams/day for 12 weeks) significantly improved memory and psychological well-being.[24]

Public Scrutiny

Securities Exchange Act class-action lawsuit

The company has been known for its literature, websites, and multi-level marketing with claims of scientific links to cellular glycobiology long disputed by the relevant individual Nobel prize winners.[28] On September 9, 2005 a class-action lawsuit was filed against Mannatech for alleged violations of the Securities Exchange Act. The plaintiff class accused Mannatech of violating the act by "issuing a series of material misrepresentations"; specifically: failing to control its sales associates and allowing them to make false claims concerning the efficacy of Mannatech products. The plaintiffs consisted of the purchasers of Mannatech stock during the period August 10, 2004 through July 30, 2007.[6]

On March 20, 2008, Mannatech settled the class-action lawsuit by agreeing to pay $11.25 million to the plaintiff class. As part of the settlement, Mannatech admitted no wrongdoing.[29]

Texas Attorney General civil complaint

Mannatech came under investigation by the Texas Attorney General on October 27, 2006 for alleged violations of that state's Deceptive Trade Practices Act.[30] In response to this criticism, Mannatech's founder and chief executive officer at the time, Samuel L. Caster, offered his view: "We walk the fine line of always stating our case appropriately and always training our people: We're not into the treatment, cure or mitigation of disease. We're into the improvement of quality of life. Now, who can benefit from good nutrition? Sick people, well people, everybody. Everybody benefits from good nutrition."[30] On July 5, 2007, Texas Attorney General Greg Abbott formally charged Mannatech, Sam Caster, and several related entities with operating an illegal marketing scheme in violation of state law. A press release stated, "Today's enforcement action stems from a large-scale investigation by state authorities, who examined Mannatech's dubious claims about the health benefits of its products."[7] In response to the civil complaint, Mannatech expanded its compliance department and began to provide periodic reports to the Attorney General's office to ensure that the marketing efforts of its affiliate network adhere to appropriate guidelines.[31]

Mannatech settled the civil complaint on February 26, 2009 by agreeing to pay $4 million in restitution to clients who purchased products and $2 million to the state to cover its costs in the case. In addition, Sam Caster agreed to pay a $1 million civil penalty and steer clear of any type of leadership position or employment relationship with Mannatech for five years.[32] When discussing the settlement at a news conference, Abbot stated, "Bottom line, this is a warning to the general public: Be wary of phony claims of magic cure-all pills or false hope in a bottle. You could be duped into purchasing something that has no real effect and no real value."[33] Mannatech did not admit wrongdoing; settling was easier than debating Abbott, according to then-CEO Wayne Badovinus. "If they do it again, we will ensure they get put out of business," Abbott said.[34]

One year later, Mannatech Co-CEO Robert Sinnott reflected on the ramifications of the legal action, saying, "The civil action related mainly to some actions by our salesforce. We were embarrassed and also financially impacted by the attorney general suit. We learned from that chapter and it is closed. We've reached a settlement and we've paid the fees associated with it. We've done everything in our power to correct that and make sure we're in compliance in the future."[8]

ABC investigation

A 20/20 undercover investigation that aired June 1, 2007 on ABC Television showed Mannatech's sales associates teaching sales recruits how to target Mannatech products to patients with specific illnesses in a manner that purportedly does not violate U.S. federal law, including U.S. Food and Drug Administration regulations, by avoiding direct claims that the products cure any particular diseases.[12] Mannatech CEO Sam Caster was interviewed for the show and told 20/20 that Mannatech makes no specific health claims about its products. "I don't think dietary supplements treat, cure, mitigate anything. It is not meant to substitute a doctor's oversight, but it plays an important role in the whole health equation."[35]

Company losses

Mannatech announced in August 2007 that company founder Sam Caster was stepping down as CEO of Mannatech,[36] to be replaced by Wayne Badovinus as the new chief executive. Several corporate initiates were undertaken, but after 17 months on the job Badovinus resigned in December 2009.[37] His efforts had not met the performance expectations of the board of directors.[38] Another member of the board resigned shortly after.[39] Mannatech's Chief Science Officer Dr. Robert Sinnott and Mannatech's Chief Financial Officer Steve Fenstermacher were named Co-CEOs.[40] Fenstermacher later resigned.[41]

Publicity over the company's lawsuits began to damage the balance sheets and stock performance.[37] After profits of $32 million in 2006 and $6.6 million in 2007, Mannatech reported a $12.6 million loss in 2008 and a $17.3 million loss in 2009.[42] By mid-year 2010, one quarter of Mannatech's sales were gone.[42] 2010 losses were $10.6 million.[43] As the company's market capitalizations continued to fall, S&P Indices dropped it from the S&P 600 Index, stating "They are no longer representative of the small cap market space." [44] Recruiting efforts continued dropping in 2011, widening company losses to 20.6 million.[1]

Sam Caster

Prior to Mannatech

Samuel L. Caster, founder and former Chairman of the Board of Directors of Mannatech, Incorporated, was an entrepreneur in other lines of business and was part of other organizations prior to Mannatech.

Sam Caster is an early cast member of Up With People, a motivational organization and musical performance troupe. The Up With People International Alumni Association has recognized Caster as an alumnus who exhibits leadership, intercultural understanding, and humanitarian outreach.[45]

Sam Caster's first major business venture, Eagle Shield, was an insulation product that claimed to utilize new technology developed by NASA and could reduce heating and cooling costs by up to 40%. The Attorney General of Texas concluded that the product's technology long predated NASA and did not reduce consumers' bills in the amounts advertised.[46]

Caster's second product, the "Electrocat," was sold as a pest control device. The Electrocat reportedly emitted pulsed vibrations that repelled rats, crickets, snakes, ticks, spiders, mosquitoes, and scorpions. However, in January 1991, the Attorney General of Texas investigated the product and found that the Electrocat emitted no vibrations whatsoever. The Attorney General declared, "The device is a hoax, and stands on the same scientific footing as a perpetual motion machine."[46]

Mannatech's inception

Caster then started Mannatech in 1994, coinciding with Congress' passage of the Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act of 1994, which made profitable marketing of a wider spectrum of dietary supplements a possibility. His new company quickly became a success. Caster's wife Linda later wrote and released a book titled Undeniable Destiny, in which she refers to Mannatech as a "Joseph company," based on Joseph in the Bible, who, as she noted in her book, had a divinely inspired destiny to fulfill.

Consultant to Mannatech

On August 22, 2007, Sam Caster resigned as CEO of Mannatech.[36] The Wall Street Journal reported: "Mr. Caster suggested his own resignation so he could focus on company marketing, said (Mannatech board member) Mr. (Larry A.) Jobe. Mr. Jobe said the board wasn't displeased with Mr. Caster, but that the lawsuits gave members 'a lot of concern.'" Paperwork filed with the SEC indicate disagreements between Caster and the board of directors were the reason for Caster's resignation.[47]

On October 19, 2007, it was reported that Mannatech Inc. had fired Grant Thornton LLP as its auditor after the accounting firm demanded that Mannatech remove Sam Caster from all responsibilities.[48]

Sam Caster was barred by the Attorney General of Texas from serving as a director, officer, or employee of Mannatech until 2014. Caster was also barred from taking a role in any other multi-level marketing programs. Despite this, then-CEO Wayne Badovinus stated Caster would work as a consultant answering directly to him.[33]

MannaRelief Ministries

In 1999, Sam Caster and his wife Linda founded MannaRelief Ministries, a non-profit organization that provides nutraceuticals to orphanages.[49]

External links

Citations and footnotes

  1. ^ a b c d Press Release (2012-03-28). "Consolidated Statements of Operations". Yahoo Finance. Retrieved 2012-04-01.
  2. ^ "Mannatech, Inc". Mannatech, Inc. Retrieved 2007-07-08. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
  3. ^ "Form 10-Q Part I: Financial Information, Item 2: Management's Discussion: Company Overview". Edgar Online. 2011-11-03. Retrieved 2011-12-31. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
  4. ^ "The 200 Best Small Companies". Forbes. October 12, 2006. Retrieved November 18, 2009.
  5. ^ "Hot Growth Companies: The Fastest-Growing Companies of 2007". BusinessWeek. May, 2007. Retrieved November 21, 2009. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  6. ^ a b "Milberg Weiss Announces the Filing of a Class Action Lawsuit Against Mannatech, Inc". All Business. September 12, 2005. Retrieved May 27, 2009.
  7. ^ a b "Texas Attorney General Charges Mannatech with Unlawful, Misleading Sales Practices" (Press release). Texas Attorney General Greg Abbott. July 5, 2007. Retrieved 2007-07-08.
  8. ^ a b "Mannafest Destiny". Direct Selling News. February, 2010. Retrieved Feb 25, 2010. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  9. ^ a b Sataline, Suzanne (May 11, 2007). "True Believers: Health Claims by Sales Force Boost Supplement Firm; Mannatech's Products Attract the Gravely Ill; Disclaimers on Labels". Wall Street Journal / Dow Jones & Company, Inc. Retrieved July 8, 2007. Note that full article is available only to WSJ subscribers. "Some researchers say they doubt that Ambrotose offers any health benefits. Dr. Hudson Freeze, who studies complex carbohydrates as a professor of glycobiology at the Burnham Institute for Medical Research in La Jolla, Calif., contends the body can't digest Ambrotose because humans lack the enzymes necessary to break down the plant fibers it contains into simple sugars."
  10. ^ Mannatech, Incorporated (March 16, 2006). "Form Mannatech, Incorporated: 10K SEC Public Filing for FY 2005". United States Securities and Exchange Commission. Retrieved May 23, 2010. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  11. ^ "Ronald L. Schnaar, PhD". Johns Hopkins University. Retrieved May 21, 2010.
  12. ^ a b c Avila, Jim (June 1, 2007). "Cure for Your Disease or Empty Promise?". ABCNews Internet Ventures. Retrieved July 8, 2007. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
  13. ^ "Hudson Freeze, PhD". Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute. Retrieved May 21, 2010. [dead link]
  14. ^ "Editorial Board". Glycobiology. Retrieved May 21, 2010.
  15. ^ Schnaar RL, Freeze HH (2008). "A "Glyconutrient Sham"". Glycobiology. 18 (9): 652–657. doi:10.1093/glycob/cwm098. PMID 17855741.
  16. ^ Torok CB, Murray TH (2008). "Wielding the sword of professional ethics against misleading dietary supplement claims". Glycobiology. 18 (9): 660–663. doi:10.1093/glycob/cwn060.
  17. ^ Jocelyn Kaiser (2007). "Who Owns Glycobiology?". Science. 318 (5851): 734–737. doi:10.1126/science.318.5851.734. PMID 17975043.
  18. ^ "Publications". Mannatech, Inc. Retrieved March 18, 2012. (Article acknowledges studies that received at least partial funding)
  19. ^ Sinnott, RA (2007). "Utilization of arabinogalactan, aloe vera gel polysaccharides, and a mixed saccharide dietary supplement by human colonic bacteria in vitro". Int J Probiotics Prebiotics. 2: 97–104. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
  20. ^ Alavi, A (2011). "An open-label dosing study to evaluate the safety and effects of a dietary plant-derived polysaccharide supplement on the N-glycosylation status of serum glycoproteins in healthy subjects". Eur J Clin Nutr. 65 (5): 648–656. doi:10.1038/ejcn.2010.263. PMC 3087895. PMID 21224866. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
  21. ^ Marzorati, M (2010). "In vitro modulation of the human gastrointestinal microbial community by plant-derived polysaccharide-rich dietary supplements" (PDF). Int J Food Microbiology. 139 (3): 168–76. doi:10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2010.02.030. Retrieved 19 July 2011. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
  22. ^ Wang, C (2004). "Effects of a carbohydrate supplement on resting brain activity". Integrative Physiol & Behavioral Sci. 39 (2): 126–138. doi:10.1007/BF02734278. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
  23. ^ a b Stancil AN, Hicks LH (2009). "Glyconutrients and perception, cognition, and memory". Percep Motor Skills. 108 (1): 259–270. doi:10.2466/PMS.108.1.259-270. PMID 19425467.
  24. ^ a b Best, T (2010). "Saccharide effects on cognition and well-being in middle-aged adults: A randomized controlled trial". Developmental Neuropsych. 35 (1): 66–80. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
  25. ^ Marzorati, M (2010). "In vitro modulation of the human gastrointestinal microbial community by plant-derived polysaccharide-rich dietary supplements" (PDF). Int J Food Microbiology. 139 (3): 168–76. doi:10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2010.02.030. Retrieved 19 July 2011. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
  26. ^ Bloomer, RJ (2010). "Effect of Ambrotose AO on resting and exercise-induced antioxidant capacity and oxidative stress in healthy adults". NutrJ. 9 (49): 1–17. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
  27. ^ "Press Release: Australian Scientist wins Researchers in Business Project Funding". Mannatech, Inc. October 31, 2011. Retrieved March 18, 2011.
  28. ^ "Nobel Prize winners say sites falsely cite research". Fort Worth Star-Telegram. September 11, 2006.
  29. ^ "Mannatech Reaches Settlement in Securities Class-Action Lawsuit". All Business. March 20, 2008. Retrieved May 27, 2009.
  30. ^ a b Greenberg, Herb (October 27, 2006). "Texas Attorney General probing Mannatech". MarketWatch, Inc. Retrieved 2007-07-08. {{cite news}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
  31. ^ "Mannatech Reaches Settlement with Texas Attorney General". AOL Finance. February 26, 2009. Retrieved May 27, 2009.
  32. ^ "Mannatech Settles with Attorney General". Dallas Business Journal. February 26, 2009. Retrieved February 26, 2009.
  33. ^ a b "Coppell-Based Mannatech to Pay Millions to Settle Diet-Supplement Lawsuit". Ft. Worth Star Telegram. February 26, 2009. Retrieved February 26, 2009. [dead link]
  34. ^ "Mannatech, former CEO settle with state". Dallas Morning News. February 26, 2009 accessdate = February 26, 2009. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help); Missing pipe in: |date= (help)
  35. ^ Video: Cure for Your Disease or Empty Promise?. VideoMeeo Blog of Nations. February 14, 2009. Retrieved May 27, 2009.
  36. ^ a b Sataline S (August 22, 2007). "Caster Resigns as CEO of Mannatech - WSJ.com". The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved 2008-04-06.
  37. ^ a b Roberson, Jason (2009-12-04). "Mannatech CEO quits after 17 months on the job". Dallas Morning News. Retrieved 2009-12-27. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
  38. ^ "Exhibit to SEC Form 8-K Mannatech Inc. Resignation Letter of Mr. Wayne Badovinus". FAQs.org Internet FAQ Archive. 2009-11-30. Retrieved 2009-12-27. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
  39. ^ "Mannatech Announces Board Resignation". Yahoo Finance. 2009-12-24. Retrieved 2009-12-27. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
  40. ^ David M. Blitzer, Ph.D., Managing Director & Chairman of the Index Committee (2009-12-03). "Mannatech (MTEX) CEO Badovinus Resigns". Retrieved 2010-11-28.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  41. ^ "Mannatech Co-CEO Stephen Fenstermacher Resigns". 2011-12-16. Retrieved 2012-05-21.
  42. ^ a b Dallas Business Journal (2010-08-04). "Mannatech's profit narrows net loss, sales decline". Retrieved 2010-08-12. {{cite web}}: |author= has generic name (help)
  43. ^ "MANNATECH INC 2010 Annual Report - Form 10-K - March 10, 2011" (PDF). secdatabase.com. Retrieved 2012-05-15.
  44. ^ David M. Blitzer, Ph.D., Managing Director & Chairman of the Index Committee (2010-11-26). "Standard & Poor's Announces Changes to U.S. Index". The McGraw Hill Companies. Retrieved 2010-11-26.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  45. ^ "MannaRelief Ministries Founder Receives International Award" (Press release). P.R. Newswire. March 8, 2006. Retrieved 2009-07-31. {{cite press release}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
  46. ^ a b Brammer, Rhonda (May 9, 2005). "Manna from Texas" (PDF). Barron's Online / Dow Jones & Company, Inc. Retrieved 2007-07-08. {{cite news}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help) Reproduced on this website. Original article available on Barron's website [1] only for Barron's Online subscribers.
  47. ^ "SEC Form 8-K Mannatech Inc. Item 6. Resignation of Registrant's Director". SEC Info. 2000-05-12. Retrieved 2009-12-27. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
  48. ^ Sataline S (October 19, 2007). "Mannatech Fires Its Auditor Amid Dispute Over Founder". The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved 2008-04-06.
  49. ^ "IRS Form 990 (2007): MannaRelief Ministries" (PDF). Guidestar.org. Retrieved January 1, 2012.
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