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'''Russian fascism''' (also '''Russicism''', '''Ruscism''' or '''Rashism''' ({{lang-rus|Рашизм|Rashizm|link=no}}, {{IPA-ru|raˈɕizm|pron}}; from "Russia, Russian", and {{lang-it|"fascismo"}} — fascism, from which the ending is taken) is the alleged political ideology and social practice of the ruling regime of the [[Russia|Russian Federation]] in the [[21st century]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Gregor |first=A. James |date=1998 |title=Fascism and the New Russian Nationalism |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/48609343 |journal=Communist and Post-Communist Studies |volume=31 |issue=1 |pages=1–15 |issn=0967-067X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-04-23 |title=Is Putin's Russia Fascist? |url=https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/blogs/ukrainealert/is-putin-s-russia-fascist/ |access-date=2022-02-26 |website=Atlantic Council |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-02-26 |title=The antisemitism animating Putin’s claim to ‘denazify’ Ukraine {{!}} Jason Stanley |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/feb/25/vladimir-putin-ukraine-attack-antisemitism-denazify |access-date=2022-02-26 |website=the Guardian |language=en}}</ref>{{Verify source|date=March 2022}} This ideology is based on the ideas of the "special civilizational mission" of the [[Russians]], such as [[Moscow, third Rome|Moscow as the third Rome]] and [[expansionism]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Gregor |first=A. James |date=1998 |title=Fascism and the New Russian Nationalism |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/48609343 |journal=Communist and Post-Communist Studies |volume=31 |issue=1 |pages=1–15 |issn=0967-067X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-04-23 |title=Is Putin's Russia Fascist? |url=https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/blogs/ukrainealert/is-putin-s-russia-fascist/ |access-date=2022-02-26 |website=Atlantic Council |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-02-26 |title=The antisemitism animating Putin’s claim to ‘denazify’ Ukraine {{!}} Jason Stanley |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/feb/25/vladimir-putin-ukraine-attack-antisemitism-denazify |access-date=2022-02-26 |website=the Guardian |language=en}}</ref> It is also a widely used term in Ukraine to identify current Russian political regime and supporters of Russia military aggresion.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ідеологія рашизму має бути засуджена світом, як нацизм і фашизм – історик |url=https://www.ukrinform.ua/rubric-society/3424149-ideologia-rasizmu-mae-buti-zasudzena-svitom-ak-nacizm-i-fasizm-istorik.html |access-date=2022-03-11 |website=www.ukrinform.ua |language=uk}}</ref>
'''Russian fascism''' (also '''Russicism''', '''Ruscism''' or '''Rashism''' ({{lang-rus|Рашизм|Rashizm|link=no}}, {{IPA-ru|raˈɕizm|pron}}; from "Russia, Russian", and {{lang-it|"fascismo"}} — fascism, from which the ending is taken) is the alleged political ideology and social practice of the ruling regime of the [[Russia|Russian Federation]] in the [[21st century]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Gregor |first=A. James |date=1998 |title=Fascism and the New Russian Nationalism |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/48609343 |journal=Communist and Post-Communist Studies |volume=31 |issue=1 |pages=1–15 |issn=0967-067X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-04-23 |title=Is Putin's Russia Fascist? |url=https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/blogs/ukrainealert/is-putin-s-russia-fascist/ |access-date=2022-02-26 |website=Atlantic Council |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-02-26 |title=The antisemitism animating Putin’s claim to ‘denazify’ Ukraine {{!}} Jason Stanley |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/feb/25/vladimir-putin-ukraine-attack-antisemitism-denazify |access-date=2022-02-26 |website=the Guardian |language=en}}</ref>{{Verify source|date=March 2022}}


== History ==
== History ==
Among the many radical nationalist movements of the 1990s in Russia is the far-right fascist People's National Party of Russia (PNP), founded in 1994 by Alexander Ivanov-Sukharevsky, a film director by training, and Alexei Shiropaev, inspired by fascism. Orthodoxy and Cossack movements and spread the ideology, which she called "Russian". This ideology was a combination of populism, racial and anti-Semitic mysticism, national environmentalism, Orthodoxy, and nostalgia for the Tsar. The party numbered only a few thousand members, but historically influenced the extra-parliamentary scene in Russia through the well-known newspapers I am Russian, Heritage of Ancestors and Era Rossii. The party soon ran into trouble with the law for inciting ethnic hatred, the Ya Russky newspaper was eventually banned in 1999 and Ivanov-Sukharevsky was sentenced to several months in prison, but after his release he remained an important figure in circles close to Russian writers for a long time. and continued his activities.<ref>[http://books.google.com/books?id=Apq_AAAAQBAJ Marlène Laruelle «In the Name of the Nation»], Palgrave Macmillan, 2009, [[Спеціальна:Джерела книг/9780230101234|ISBN 978-0-230-10123-4]], 272 стор.{{in lang|en}}, с. 53</ref>
Among the many radical nationalist movements of the 1990s in Russia is the far-right fascist People's National Party of Russia (PNP), founded in 1994 by Alexander Ivanov-Sukharevsky, a film director by training, and Alexei Shiropaev, inspired by fascism. Orthodoxy and Cossack movements and spread the ideology, which she called "Russian". This ideology was a combination of populism, racial and anti-Semitic mysticism, national environmentalism, Orthodoxy, and nostalgia for the Tsar. The party numbered only a few thousand members, but historically influenced the extra-parliamentary scene in Russia through the well-known newspapers I am Russian, Heritage of Ancestors and Era Rossii. The party soon ran into trouble with the law for inciting ethnic hatred, the Ya Russky newspaper was eventually banned in 1999 and Ivanov-Sukharevsky was sentenced to several months in prison, but after his release he remained an important figure in circles close to Russian writers for a long time. and continued his activities.<ref>[http://books.google.com/books?id=Apq_AAAAQBAJ Marlène Laruelle «In the Name of the Nation»], Palgrave Macmillan, 2009, [[Спеціальна:Джерела книг/9780230101234|ISBN 978-0-230-10123-4]], 272 стор.{{in lang|en}}, с. 53</ref>


[[Alexander J. Motyl]] is one of the Western political scientist and historians who researches Russian fascism.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Рашизм як форма неофашизму — Локальна історія |url=https://localhistory.org.ua/texts/statti/rashizm-iak-forma-neofashizmu/ |access-date=2022-03-14 |website=localhistory.org.ua |language=uk}}</ref> [[Timothy D. Snyder|Timothy Snyder]] considers that Putin and his regime is directly influenced by the prophet of Russian fascism — [[Ivan Ilyin]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Snyder |first=Timothy |date=2016-09-20 |title=Opinion {{!}} How a Russian Fascist Is Meddling in America’s Election |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/09/21/opinion/how-a-russian-fascist-is-meddling-in-americas-election.html |access-date=2022-03-14 |issn=0362-4331}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Nikiforuk |first=Andrew |date=2022-02-25 |title=Meet the Face of Global Fascism |url=https://thetyee.ca/Analysis/2022/02/25/Meet-The-Face-Global-Fascism/ |access-date=2022-03-14 |website=The Tyee |language=English}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Timothy Snyder: How a Russian fascist is meddling in America's election - Sep. 20, 2016 |url=https://www.kyivpost.com/article/opinion/op-ed/timothy-snyder-how-a-russian-fascist-is-meddling-in-americas-election-423312.html |access-date=2022-03-14 |website=KyivPost}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2018-04-05 |title=Understand Putin by understanding his favourite thinkers |work=The Economist |url=https://www.economist.com/books-and-arts/2018/04/05/understand-putin-by-understanding-his-favourite-thinkers |access-date=2022-03-14 |issn=0013-0613}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Timothy Snyder: “God Is a Russian” {{!}} Russian, East European, & Eurasian Studies at Yale |url=https://reees.macmillan.yale.edu/news/timothy-snyder-god-russian |access-date=2022-03-14 |website=reees.macmillan.yale.edu}}</ref> [[Vladislav Inozemtsev]], [[Russians|Russian]] [[academician]], considers that Russia is an early-stage fascist state thus claiming current Russian political regime as fascist.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Inozemtsev |first=Vladislav |title=Putin’s Russia: A Moderate Fascist State by Vladislav Inozemtsev |url=https://archive.transatlanticrelations.org/publication/putins-russia-moderate-fascist-state-vladislav-inozemtsev/ |access-date=2022-03-14 |website=Center for Transatlantic Relations |language=en-US}}</ref> [[Tomasz Kamusella]], Polish scholar pursuing researching nationalism and ethnicity, and [[Allister Heath|Alister Heath]], [[The Daily Telegraph]] journalist, call current authoritarian Russian political regime as Putin's fascism.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kamusella |first=Tomasz |title=Putin’s Fascism |url=https://wachtyrz.eu/putins-fascism/ |access-date=2022-03-14 |website=wachtyrz.eu}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Heath |first=Allister |date=2022-03-09 |title=Putin’s monstrous new fascism has destroyed the globalised world order |language=en-GB |work=The Telegraph |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2022/03/09/putins-monstrous-new-fascism-has-destroyed-globalised-world/ |access-date=2022-03-14 |issn=0307-1235}}</ref> [[Maria Snegovaya]] believes [[Russia under Vladimir Putin|Russia as led by Putin]] is a fascist regime.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-04-23 |title=Is Putin's Russia Fascist? |url=https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/blogs/ukrainealert/is-putin-s-russia-fascist/ |access-date=2022-02-26 |website=Atlantic Council |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Snegovaya |first=Maria |title=Is it Time to Drop the F-Bomb on Russia? Why Putin is Almost a Fascist |url=https://isnblog.ethz.ch/politics/is-it-time-to-drop-the-f-bomb-on-russia-why-putin-is-almost-a-fascist |access-date=2022-02-26 |language=en-US}}</ref>
Alexander J. Motyl is one of the Western political scientist and historians who researches Russian fascism.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Рашизм як форма неофашизму — Локальна історія |url=https://localhistory.org.ua/texts/statti/rashizm-iak-forma-neofashizmu/ |access-date=2022-03-14 |website=localhistory.org.ua |language=uk}}</ref> [[Timothy D. Snyder|Timothy Snyder]] considers that Putin and his regime is directly influenced by the prophet of Russian fascism — [[Ivan Ilyin]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Snyder |first=Timothy |date=2016-09-20 |title=Opinion {{!}} How a Russian Fascist Is Meddling in America’s Election |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/09/21/opinion/how-a-russian-fascist-is-meddling-in-americas-election.html |access-date=2022-03-14 |issn=0362-4331}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Nikiforuk |first=Andrew |date=2022-02-25 |title=Meet the Face of Global Fascism |url=https://thetyee.ca/Analysis/2022/02/25/Meet-The-Face-Global-Fascism/ |access-date=2022-03-14 |website=The Tyee |language=English}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Timothy Snyder: How a Russian fascist is meddling in America's election - Sep. 20, 2016 |url=https://www.kyivpost.com/article/opinion/op-ed/timothy-snyder-how-a-russian-fascist-is-meddling-in-americas-election-423312.html |access-date=2022-03-14 |website=KyivPost}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2018-04-05 |title=Understand Putin by understanding his favourite thinkers |work=The Economist |url=https://www.economist.com/books-and-arts/2018/04/05/understand-putin-by-understanding-his-favourite-thinkers |access-date=2022-03-14 |issn=0013-0613}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Timothy Snyder: “God Is a Russian” {{!}} Russian, East European, & Eurasian Studies at Yale |url=https://reees.macmillan.yale.edu/news/timothy-snyder-god-russian |access-date=2022-03-14 |website=reees.macmillan.yale.edu}}</ref> [[Vladislav Inozemtsev]], [[Russians|Russian]] [[academician]], considers that Russia is an early-stage fascist state thus claiming current Russian political regime as fascist.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Inozemtsev |first=Vladislav |title=Putin’s Russia: A Moderate Fascist State by Vladislav Inozemtsev |url=https://archive.transatlanticrelations.org/publication/putins-russia-moderate-fascist-state-vladislav-inozemtsev/ |access-date=2022-03-14 |website=Center for Transatlantic Relations |language=en-US}}</ref> [[Tomasz Kamusella]], Polish scholar pursuing researching nationalism and ethnicity, and [[Allister Heath|Alister Heath]], [[The Daily Telegraph]] journalist, call current authoritarian Russian political regime as Putin's fascism.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kamusella |first=Tomasz |title=Putin’s Fascism |url=https://wachtyrz.eu/putins-fascism/ |access-date=2022-03-14 |website=wachtyrz.eu}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Heath |first=Allister |date=2022-03-09 |title=Putin’s monstrous new fascism has destroyed the globalised world order |language=en-GB |work=The Telegraph |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2022/03/09/putins-monstrous-new-fascism-has-destroyed-globalised-world/ |access-date=2022-03-14 |issn=0307-1235}}</ref> [[Maria Snegovaya]] believes [[Russia under Vladimir Putin|Russia as led by Putin]] is a fascist regime.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-04-23 |title=Is Putin's Russia Fascist? |url=https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/blogs/ukrainealert/is-putin-s-russia-fascist/ |access-date=2022-02-26 |website=Atlantic Council |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Snegovaya |first=Maria |title=Is it Time to Drop the F-Bomb on Russia? Why Putin is Almost a Fascist |url=https://isnblog.ethz.ch/politics/is-it-time-to-drop-the-f-bomb-on-russia-why-putin-is-almost-a-fascist |access-date=2022-02-26 |language=en-US}}</ref>

=== [[2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine]] ===
The terms ''rashism'' and ''rashist'' started circulating in usage among military and political elites of Ukraine and media.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Рашисти готуються відновити наступ у напрямку Києва: як минула доба на фронті |url=https://glavcom.ua/country/incidents/rashisti-gotuyutsya-vidnoviti-nastup-u-napryamku-kijeva-yak-minula-doba-na-fronti-829475.html?1647209880 |access-date=2022-03-14 |website=glavcom.ua |language=uk}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title="Рашисти будуть вигнані з нашої землі": Ігор Кондратюк підтримав ЗСУ |url=https://www.unian.ua/lite/stars/rashisti-budut-vignani-z-nashoji-zemli-igor-kondratyuk-pidtrimav-zsu-11742103.html |access-date=2022-03-14 |website=www.unian.ua |language=uk}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Рашисти влаштували бомбардування території Білорусі {{!}} Defense Express |url=https://defence-ua.com/news/rashisti_vlashtuvali_bombarduvannja_teritoriji_bilorusi-6381.html |access-date=2022-03-14 |website=defence-ua.com |language=uk}}</ref> For example, [[Oleksiy Danilov]], Secretary of the [[National Security and Defense Council of Ukraine|National Security and Defense Council]], advocates on the natioanl level the use of the word in the meaning of Russian/Putin's fascism, to describe Russia's aggression against Ukraine. He also stated that rashism is much worse than fascism.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Рашизм – нове явище, вони вже перевершили фашистів, – Данілов про жорстокість окупантів |url=https://24tv.ua/rashizm-nove-yavishhe-voni-vzhe-perevershili-fashistiv-danilov_n1902145 |access-date=2022-03-11 |website=24 Канал |language=uk}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Рашизм уже в рази перевершує фашизм – Данілов |url=https://www.pravda.com.ua/news/2022/03/13/7331092/ |access-date=2022-03-30 |website=Українська правда |language=uk}}</ref><blockquote>"Today, I would like to appeal to all journalists to use the word 'rashism', because this is a new phenomenon in world history that Mr. Putin has made with his country - modern rashists who are not much different from fascists. I will explain why: because before there was no such opportunity to destroy cities with so many air bombs, such equipment, there was no such force. Now absolutely other capacities and they use them as inhumans ", — Oleksiy Danilov.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-03-11 |title=Данілов за використання слова "рашизм" для визначення агресії Росії проти України |url=https://ukranews.com/ua/news/840703-danilov-za-vykorystannya-slova-rashyzm-dlya-vyznachennya-agresiyi-rosiyi-proty-ukrayiny |access-date=2022-03-11 |website=ukranews_com |language=uk}}</ref></blockquote>President of Ukraine [[Volodymyr Zelenskyy|Volodymyr Zelensky]] calls current political regime in Russia as well as Russian invasion as Russian fascism.<ref>{{Citation |title=«Stop Russian fascism» el vídeo publicado por Volodímir Zelensky en sus redes sociales |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Iz66YVcFaHo |language=en |access-date=2022-03-29}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=President’s Office compares actions of German Nazis to those of Russian invaders |url=https://www.ukrinform.net/rubric-ato/3439203-presidents-office-compares-actions-of-german-nazis-to-those-of-russian-invaders.html |access-date=2022-03-29 |website=www.ukrinform.net |language=en}}</ref>

== Main features and characteristics of Russian fascism ==
== Main features and characteristics of Russian fascism ==
Political scientist Stanislav Belkovsky argues that russicism is disguised as anti-fascism, but has a fascist face and essence.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-03-23 |title=Путин будет захватывать новые территории, чтобы проложить путь к Балканам - эксперты |url=https://tsn.ua/ru/svit/putin-budet-zahvatyvat-novye-territorii-chtoby-prolozhit-put-k-balkanam-eksperty-356507.html |access-date=2022-02-26 |website=ТСН.ua |language=ru}}</ref> Political scientist Ruslan Klyuchnik notes that the Russian elite considers itself entitled to build its own "sovereign democracy" without reference to Western standards, but taking into account Russia's traditions of state-building. Administrative resources in Russia are one of the means of preserving the democratic facade, which hides the mechanism of absolute manipulation of the will of citizens.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-09-05 |title=Західна аналітична група |url=http://zgroup.com.ua/article.php?articleid=5201 |access-date=2022-02-26 |website= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140905025244/http://zgroup.com.ua/article.php?articleid=5201 |archive-date=5 September 2014 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
Political scientist Stanislav Belkovsky argues that russicism is disguised as anti-fascism, but has a fascist face and essence.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-03-23 |title=Путин будет захватывать новые территории, чтобы проложить путь к Балканам - эксперты |url=https://tsn.ua/ru/svit/putin-budet-zahvatyvat-novye-territorii-chtoby-prolozhit-put-k-balkanam-eksperty-356507.html |access-date=2022-02-26 |website=ТСН.ua |language=ru}}</ref> Political scientist Ruslan Klyuchnik notes that the Russian elite considers itself entitled to build its own "sovereign democracy" without reference to Western standards, but taking into account Russia's traditions of state-building. Administrative resources in Russia are one of the means of preserving the democratic facade, which hides the mechanism of absolute manipulation of the will of citizens.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-09-05 |title=Західна аналітична група |url=http://zgroup.com.ua/article.php?articleid=5201 |access-date=2022-02-26 |website= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140905025244/http://zgroup.com.ua/article.php?articleid=5201 |archive-date=5 September 2014 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
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* hypermasculine cult of the supreme leader (emphasis on his courage, militancy and physical prowess);
* hypermasculine cult of the supreme leader (emphasis on his courage, militancy and physical prowess);
* general popular support for the regime and its leader.
* general popular support for the regime and its leader.
One of the researchers of rashisn, Ukrainian historian [[Kyrylo Halushko]], describes rashism to have the following characteristics<ref>{{Citation |title=Рашизм має дуже глибоке історичне коріння - історик |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9Av73pbc5-k |language=en |access-date=2022-03-30}}</ref>:

* inhuman cruelty
* crimes against humanity
* contempt for universal values

According to Mr. Halushko, rashism also has deep roots in the history of Russia, in particular in the history of the Muscovia, the Russian Empire and the Soviet Union; rashism, according to Halushko, has been most evident during Putin's rule in the last 20 years. However, according to the historian, racism is inherent in Russian culture, so historians and researchers are tracing the roots of rashism in the Russia's history and culture.<ref>{{Citation |title=Рашизм має дуже глибоке історичне коріння - історик |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9Av73pbc5-k |language=en |access-date=2022-03-30}}</ref>

Another Ukrainian historian [[Vladlen Marayev]], argues that [[Nazism]], fascism, [[Stalinism]] and Rashism are in fact the same. According to the historian, the most obvious common features are: the militarization of society, the cult of the war of aggression, the desire for constant "blitzkrieg", the inability to objectively analyze their own strength. The distinguishing feature of Rashism from Nazism and Fascism is the significant corruption and nepotism which are inherent in the current authoritarian regime in Russia.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Рашизм, або чому росіяни – нові нацисти |url=https://voxukraine.org/rashyzm-abo-chomu-rosiyany-novi-natsysty |access-date=2022-03-30 |website=voxukraine.org |language=uk}}</ref>


== Ideology of Russian fascism ==
== Ideology of Russian fascism ==

Revision as of 04:21, 2 April 2022

For information about influence of the Russian language on other languages, see Russianism.

Russian fascism (also Russicism, Ruscism or Rashism (Russian: Рашизм, romanized: Rashizm, pronounced [raˈɕizm]; from "Russia, Russian", and Italian: "fascismo" — fascism, from which the ending is taken) is the alleged political ideology and social practice of the ruling regime of the Russian Federation in the 21st century.[1][2][3][verification needed]

History

Among the many radical nationalist movements of the 1990s in Russia is the far-right fascist People's National Party of Russia (PNP), founded in 1994 by Alexander Ivanov-Sukharevsky, a film director by training, and Alexei Shiropaev, inspired by fascism. Orthodoxy and Cossack movements and spread the ideology, which she called "Russian". This ideology was a combination of populism, racial and anti-Semitic mysticism, national environmentalism, Orthodoxy, and nostalgia for the Tsar. The party numbered only a few thousand members, but historically influenced the extra-parliamentary scene in Russia through the well-known newspapers I am Russian, Heritage of Ancestors and Era Rossii. The party soon ran into trouble with the law for inciting ethnic hatred, the Ya Russky newspaper was eventually banned in 1999 and Ivanov-Sukharevsky was sentenced to several months in prison, but after his release he remained an important figure in circles close to Russian writers for a long time. and continued his activities.[4]

Alexander J. Motyl is one of the Western political scientist and historians who researches Russian fascism.[5] Timothy Snyder considers that Putin and his regime is directly influenced by the prophet of Russian fascism — Ivan Ilyin.[6][7][8][9][10] Vladislav Inozemtsev, Russian academician, considers that Russia is an early-stage fascist state thus claiming current Russian political regime as fascist.[11] Tomasz Kamusella, Polish scholar pursuing researching nationalism and ethnicity, and Alister Heath, The Daily Telegraph journalist, call current authoritarian Russian political regime as Putin's fascism.[12][13] Maria Snegovaya believes Russia as led by Putin is a fascist regime.[14][15]

Main features and characteristics of Russian fascism

Political scientist Stanislav Belkovsky argues that russicism is disguised as anti-fascism, but has a fascist face and essence.[16] Political scientist Ruslan Klyuchnik notes that the Russian elite considers itself entitled to build its own "sovereign democracy" without reference to Western standards, but taking into account Russia's traditions of state-building. Administrative resources in Russia are one of the means of preserving the democratic facade, which hides the mechanism of absolute manipulation of the will of citizens.[17]

Russian political scientist Andrey Piontkovsky argues that the ideology of Russian fascism is in many ways similar to German fascism (Nazism), while the speeches of President Vladimir Putin reflect similar ideas to those of Adolf Hitler.[18][19]

According to Alexander J. Motyl, an American historian and political scientist, Russian fascism has the following characteristics:[20]

  • undemocratic political system, different from both traditional authoritarianism and totalitarianism;
  • statism and hypernationalism;
  • hypermasculine cult of the supreme leader (emphasis on his courage, militancy and physical prowess);
  • general popular support for the regime and its leader.

Ideology of Russian fascism

According to Professor Oleksandr Kostenko,[21] russicism is an ideology that is “based on illusions and justifies the admissibility of any arbitrariness for the sake of misinterpreted interests of Russian society. In foreign policy, racism manifests itself, in particular, in violation of the principles of international law, imposing its version of historical truth on the world solely in favor of Russia, abusing the right of veto in the UN Security Council, and so on. In domestic politics, racism is a violation of human rights to freedom of thought, persecution of members of the "dissent movement", the use of the media to misinform their people, and so on." Oleksandr Kostenko also considers russicism a manifestation of sociopathy.

See also

References

  1. ^ Gregor, A. James (1998). "Fascism and the New Russian Nationalism". Communist and Post-Communist Studies. 31 (1): 1–15. ISSN 0967-067X.
  2. ^ "Is Putin's Russia Fascist?". Atlantic Council. 2015-04-23. Retrieved 2022-02-26.
  3. ^ "The antisemitism animating Putin's claim to 'denazify' Ukraine | Jason Stanley". the Guardian. 2022-02-26. Retrieved 2022-02-26.
  4. ^ Marlène Laruelle «In the Name of the Nation», Palgrave Macmillan, 2009, ISBN 978-0-230-10123-4, 272 стор.(in English), с. 53
  5. ^ "Рашизм як форма неофашизму — Локальна історія". localhistory.org.ua (in Ukrainian). Retrieved 2022-03-14.
  6. ^ Snyder, Timothy (2016-09-20). "Opinion | How a Russian Fascist Is Meddling in America's Election". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2022-03-14.
  7. ^ Nikiforuk, Andrew (2022-02-25). "Meet the Face of Global Fascism". The Tyee. Retrieved 2022-03-14.
  8. ^ "Timothy Snyder: How a Russian fascist is meddling in America's election - Sep. 20, 2016". KyivPost. Retrieved 2022-03-14.
  9. ^ "Understand Putin by understanding his favourite thinkers". The Economist. 2018-04-05. ISSN 0013-0613. Retrieved 2022-03-14.
  10. ^ "Timothy Snyder: "God Is a Russian" | Russian, East European, & Eurasian Studies at Yale". reees.macmillan.yale.edu. Retrieved 2022-03-14.
  11. ^ Inozemtsev, Vladislav. "Putin's Russia: A Moderate Fascist State by Vladislav Inozemtsev". Center for Transatlantic Relations. Retrieved 2022-03-14.
  12. ^ Kamusella, Tomasz. "Putin's Fascism". wachtyrz.eu. Retrieved 2022-03-14.
  13. ^ Heath, Allister (2022-03-09). "Putin's monstrous new fascism has destroyed the globalised world order". The Telegraph. ISSN 0307-1235. Retrieved 2022-03-14.
  14. ^ "Is Putin's Russia Fascist?". Atlantic Council. 2015-04-23. Retrieved 2022-02-26.
  15. ^ Snegovaya, Maria. "Is it Time to Drop the F-Bomb on Russia? Why Putin is Almost a Fascist". Retrieved 2022-02-26.
  16. ^ "Путин будет захватывать новые территории, чтобы проложить путь к Балканам - эксперты". ТСН.ua (in Russian). 2014-03-23. Retrieved 2022-02-26.
  17. ^ "Західна аналітична група". 2014-09-05. Archived from the original on 5 September 2014. Retrieved 2022-02-26.
  18. ^ Що переможе: здоровий глузд чи імперські амбіції? Андрій Піонтковський., retrieved 2022-02-26
  19. ^ "Путинский режим — постмодернистский фашизм", retrieved 2022-02-26
  20. ^ "Війни творять нації, а народні війни творять непереможні нації. Олександр Мотиль — Локальна історія". localhistory.org.ua (in Ukrainian). Retrieved 2022-03-14.
  21. ^ Олександр КОСТЕНКО (18 March 2014). "Що таке "рашизм"?". Газета «День». (in Ukrainian)
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