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Downstate New York is a region that generally consists of the southeastern and more densely populated portion of the U.S. state of New York, in contrast to Upstate New York, which comprises a larger geographic area with much sparser population distribution. While there is no widely agreed upon definition, the Downstate region, like Upstate New York, is considered to consist of several subregions, such as New York City, the Lower Hudson Valley—Westchester County and Rockland County, and Long Island. The New York State Department of Transportation (NYSDOT) defines its "Downstate Region" as including Dutchess and Orange counties,^[1] with other non-government organizations and colleges including Putnam County as well. Both agencies and the general public use varying definitions of the boundary between Upstate and Downstate.

Despite being a very small portion of the state's total land area, the Downstate region contains approximately two-thirds of New York's entire population. Its layout is largely urban and suburban, and constitutes New York State's portion of the New York metropolitan area, the world's largest urban landmass.^[2]^[3] New York City, the most populous city in the United States, is home to the United Nations headquarters,^[4] and has been described as the cultural,^[5]^[6] financial,^[7]^[8]^[9] and media capital of the world,^[10]^[11] as well as the world's most economically powerful city,^[12]^[7]^[13] and is sometimes described as the capital of the world. The Upstate New York region, conversely, which forms the vast majority of the state's land area, contains more undeveloped land, including forests and farmland.

Definition

While the official boundary between is not consistent or officially established by the Government of the State of New York,^[14] the New York State Department of Transportation identifies the following as located within the "Downstate Region" of New York State: New York City—Manhattan (New York County), The Bronx (Bronx County), Brooklyn (Kings County), Queens (Queens County), and Staten Island (Richmond County)—the Suffolk and Nassau Counties of Long Island, and the lower Hudson River Valley—Westchester County, Rockland County, Dutchess County, and Orange County.^[1] The State University of New York (SUNY) school system expands the term to Putnam County, Ulster County, Greene County, and Columbia County, neglecting what is usually considered the Capital District and Hudson River Valley.^[15]

Other definitions include the New York Department of Environmental Conservation's description of Upstate New York as anything above the Bronx-Westchester border, and thus Downstate as anything below.^[16] Another common definition locates the border between Upstate and Downstate where the New York City suburb style segues into exurbs, which additionally places which matches generally with the Department of Transportation definition, while also including only one-third of Putnam County in Downstate New York.^[17] This definition is corroborated by the SUNY's University at Albany school.^[18]

While all of the above sources and organizations differ in their definition of Downstate New York, they remain consistent in their placement of New York City and Long Island in the region. However, Westchester, Dutchess, Orange, Putnam, Columbia, Ulster, and Greene counties remain disputed.

History

Early history

Native Americans inhabited Downstate New York for many centuries prior to European arrival in the Americas. Since at least 10,500 BC, Greene County was inhabited by Native American peoples.^[19] Columbia County and some parts of Greene County were inhabited by Mohicans,^[20] more specifically the Wawyachtonoc and Wiekagjoc tribes.^[21]^[22] Dutchess County was also home to the Wawyachtonoc tribe, as well as the Wappinger people.^[23] The Wappinger people also held territory from Westchester and Putnam to Manhattan and the Bronx.^[24]

The Lenni Lenape people inhabited the southern portion of Downstate New York.^[20] The Munsee subtribe were the original inhabitants of Orange County, living around the Minisink Valley area.^[25] The Waoraneck and Warranawankong people lived in Ulster County.^[26]

Geography

Geographic divisions

Demographics

Economy

Culture

Politics

Historic events

Major highways

Major universities and colleges

Major tourist attractions and definitions

Official usage

One official usage of the term is by the State University of New York ("SUNY") system in the name of its southernmost medical school, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, located in East Flatbush, Brooklyn. The New York State Department of Transportation also uses the term.^[27]^[1] The term is also used by the New York State Department of Corrections (“NYSDOC”) system in the name of its Downstate Correctional Facility in Fishkill, New York.

References

^ ^a ^b ^c "Downstate Region". New York State Department of Transportation. Archived from the original on December 14, 2012. Retrieved December 1, 2012.
^ "World's Largest Urban Areas [Ranked by Urban Area Population]". Rhett Butler. 2003–2006. Archived from the original on October 9, 2009. Retrieved August 2, 2014.
^ "Top 100 World Metropolitan Areas Ranked by Population". Baruch College of the City University of New York. Archived from the original on March 8, 2019. Retrieved January 24, 2021.
^ "Office of the Mayor Commission for the United Nations, Consular Corps and Protocol". The City of New York. 2012. Archived from the original on July 1, 2014. Retrieved August 2, 2014.
^ "Introduction to Chapter 14: New York City (NYC) Culture". The Weissman Center for International Business Baruch College/CUNY 2011. Archived from the original on May 5, 2013. Retrieved August 2, 2014.
^ "New York, Culture Capital of the World, 1940–1965 / edited by Leonard Wallock; essays by Dore Ashton ... [et al.]". National Library of Australia. Archived from the original on January 24, 2021. Retrieved August 2, 2014.
^ ^a ^b "Top 8 Cities by GDP: China vs. The U.S." Business Insider, Inc. July 31, 2011. Retrieved October 28, 2015. For instance, Shanghai, the largest Chinese city with the highest economic production, and a fast-growing global financial hub, is far from matching or surpassing New York, the largest city in the U.S. and the economic and financial super center of the world.
"PAL sets introductory fares to New York". Philippine Airlines. Retrieved March 25, 2015.
^ Jones, Huw (January 27, 2020). "New York surges ahead of Brexit-shadowed London in finance: survey". Reuters. Archived from the original on January 13, 2021. Retrieved January 27, 2020. New York remains the world's top financial center, pushing London further into second place as Brexit uncertainty undermines the UK capital and Asian centers catch up, a survey from consultants Duff & Phelps said on Monday.
^ "GFCI 31 Rank - Long Finance". www.longfinance.net. Retrieved March 29, 2022.
^ Richter, Felix (March 11, 2015). "New York Is The World's Media Capital". Statista. Archived from the original on January 21, 2021. Retrieved May 29, 2017.
^ Ennis, Dawn (May 24, 2017). "ABC will broadcast New York's pride parade live for the first time". LGBTQ Nation. Archived from the original on January 24, 2021. Retrieved May 29, 2017.
^ Florida, Richard (March 3, 2015). "Sorry, London: New York Is the World's Most Economically Powerful City". Bloomberg.com. The Atlantic Monthly Group. Archived from the original on November 13, 2020. Retrieved March 25, 2015. Our new ranking puts the Big Apple firmly on top.
^ Florida, Richard (May 8, 2012). "What Is the World's Most Economically Powerful City?". The Atlantic Monthly Group. Archived from the original on January 5, 2021. Retrieved March 25, 2015.
^ "New York's laws, like its residents, can't pin down 'upstate'". politico.com. Archived from the original on September 6, 2017. Retrieved September 6, 2017.
^ "R-TEN and C-TEN Regional Structure". SUNY. State University of New York.
^ "Turkey Hunting Seasons - NYS Dept. Of Environmental Conservation". Archived from the original on April 13, 2020. Retrieved May 1, 2020.
^ "NY Urbanized Area Maps : Area and Density" (PDF). Pad.human.cornell.edu. Archived (PDF) from the original on November 13, 2018. Retrieved October 23, 2016.
^ "Metropolitan and Micropolitan New York State: Population Change and Race-Ethnic Diversity 2000-2010". Lewis Mumford Center. Archived from the original on October 13, 2023. Retrieved October 20, 2023.
^ "West Athens Hill Site". New York State Museum. University of the State of New York. n.d. Archived from the original on August 24, 2023. Retrieved October 21, 2023.
^ ^a ^b "Native American Tribes of New York". Native American Language Net. Native Languages of the Americas. n.d. Archived from the original on October 9, 2023. Retrieved October 21, 2023.
^ Trelease, Allen W.; Starna, William A. (1960). Indian Affairs in Colonial New York Indian Affairs in Colonial New York. University of Nebraska Press. p. 8. ISBN 978-0803294318.
^ Hodge, Frederick Webb (1912). Handbook of American Indians North of Mexico: N-Z. U.S. Government Printing Office.
^ "The Wappinger People". Native American Language Net. Mount Gulian Historical Society. n.d. Archived from the original on March 28, 2023. Retrieved October 21, 2023.
^ Sultzman, Lee (1997). "Wappinger History". Retrieved 14 January 2012.
^ Booth, Malcom A. (n.d.). "A Short History of Orange County N.Y." (PDF). The Jacob T. Walden House. The Orange County Chamber Of Commerce, Inc. Archived from the original (PDF) on September 30, 2020. Retrieved October 21, 2023.
^ "8,000 Years of Native American History and Culture". New York Heritage Digital Collections. Empire State Liberty Network. n.d. Archived from the original on June 8, 2023. Retrieved October 21, 2023.
^ "NYSDOT Contact Information". NYSDOT.

[[Category:Regions of New York (state)]]

This New York state location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.

[NYSDOT-1] "Downstate Region". New York State Department of Transportation. Archived from the original on December 14, 2012. Retrieved December 1, 2012.

[2] "World's Largest Urban Areas [Ranked by Urban Area Population]". Rhett Butler. 2003–2006. Archived from the original on October 9, 2009. Retrieved August 2, 2014.

[3] "Top 100 World Metropolitan Areas Ranked by Population". Baruch College of the City University of New York. Archived from the original on March 8, 2019. Retrieved January 24, 2021.

[4] "Office of the Mayor Commission for the United Nations, Consular Corps and Protocol". The City of New York. 2012. Archived from the original on July 1, 2014. Retrieved August 2, 2014.

[5] "Introduction to Chapter 14: New York City (NYC) Culture". The Weissman Center for International Business Baruch College/CUNY 2011. Archived from the original on May 5, 2013. Retrieved August 2, 2014.

[culture4-6] "New York, Culture Capital of the World, 1940–1965 / edited by Leonard Wallock; essays by Dore Ashton ... [et al.]". National Library of Australia. Archived from the original on January 24, 2021. Retrieved August 2, 2014.

[WorldEconomicAndFinancialSuperCenter-7] "Top 8 Cities by GDP: China vs. The U.S." Business Insider, Inc. July 31, 2011. Retrieved October 28, 2015. For instance, Shanghai, the largest Chinese city with the highest economic production, and a fast-growing global financial hub, is far from matching or surpassing New York, the largest city in the U.S. and the economic and financial super center of the world.
"PAL sets introductory fares to New York". Philippine Airlines. Retrieved March 25, 2015.

[NYCDominantFinancialCenter-8] Jones, Huw (January 27, 2020). "New York surges ahead of Brexit-shadowed London in finance: survey". Reuters. Archived from the original on January 13, 2021. Retrieved January 27, 2020. New York remains the world's top financial center, pushing London further into second place as Brexit uncertainty undermines the UK capital and Asian centers catch up, a survey from consultants Duff & Phelps said on Monday.

[9] "GFCI 31 Rank - Long Finance". www.longfinance.net. Retrieved March 29, 2022.

[10] Richter, Felix (March 11, 2015). "New York Is The World's Media Capital". Statista. Archived from the original on January 21, 2021. Retrieved May 29, 2017.

[11] Ennis, Dawn (May 24, 2017). "ABC will broadcast New York's pride parade live for the first time". LGBTQ Nation. Archived from the original on January 24, 2021. Retrieved May 29, 2017.

[EconomicallyPowerful2015-12] Florida, Richard (March 3, 2015). "Sorry, London: New York Is the World's Most Economically Powerful City". Bloomberg.com. The Atlantic Monthly Group. Archived from the original on November 13, 2020. Retrieved March 25, 2015. Our new ranking puts the Big Apple firmly on top.

[13] Florida, Richard (May 8, 2012). "What Is the World's Most Economically Powerful City?". The Atlantic Monthly Group. Archived from the original on January 5, 2021. Retrieved March 25, 2015.

[nylaw-14] "New York's laws, like its residents, can't pin down 'upstate'". politico.com. Archived from the original on September 6, 2017. Retrieved September 6, 2017.

[SUNYDef-15] "R-TEN and C-TEN Regional Structure". SUNY. State University of New York.

[DoES-16] "Turkey Hunting Seasons - NYS Dept. Of Environmental Conservation". Archived from the original on April 13, 2020. Retrieved May 1, 2020.

[Cornell-17] "NY Urbanized Area Maps : Area and Density" (PDF). Pad.human.cornell.edu. Archived (PDF) from the original on November 13, 2018. Retrieved October 23, 2016.

[SUNYAlbany-Downstate-18] "Metropolitan and Micropolitan New York State: Population Change and Race-Ethnic Diversity 2000-2010". Lewis Mumford Center. Archived from the original on October 13, 2023. Retrieved October 20, 2023.

[WestAthens-19] "West Athens Hill Site". New York State Museum. University of the State of New York. n.d. Archived from the original on August 24, 2023. Retrieved October 21, 2023.

[NYTribeMap-20] "Native American Tribes of New York". Native American Language Net. Native Languages of the Americas. n.d. Archived from the original on October 9, 2023. Retrieved October 21, 2023.

[IndianAffairs-21] Trelease, Allen W.; Starna, William A. (1960). Indian Affairs in Colonial New York Indian Affairs in Colonial New York. University of Nebraska Press. p. 8. ISBN 978-0803294318.

[NorthofMexico-22] Hodge, Frederick Webb (1912). Handbook of American Indians North of Mexico: N-Z. U.S. Government Printing Office.

[TheWappingerPeople-23] "The Wappinger People". Native American Language Net. Mount Gulian Historical Society. n.d. Archived from the original on March 28, 2023. Retrieved October 21, 2023.

[Sultzman,_Lee_1997-24] Sultzman, Lee (1997). "Wappinger History". Retrieved 14 January 2012.

[ShortHistory-OrangeCounty-25] Booth, Malcom A. (n.d.). "A Short History of Orange County N.Y." (PDF). The Jacob T. Walden House. The Orange County Chamber Of Commerce, Inc. Archived from the original (PDF) on September 30, 2020. Retrieved October 21, 2023.

[8000Years-26] "8,000 Years of Native American History and Culture". New York Heritage Digital Collections. Empire State Liberty Network. n.d. Archived from the original on June 8, 2023. Retrieved October 21, 2023.

[27] "NYSDOT Contact Information". NYSDOT.

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@@ Line 22: / Line 22: @@
 [[Native Americans in the United States|Native Americans]] inhabited Downstate New York for many centuries prior to [[European colonization of the Americas|European arrival in the Americas]]. Since at least [[11th millennium BC|10,500 BC]], Greene County was inhabited by Native American peoples.<ref name=WestAthens>{{cite web |url=https://www.nysm.nysed.gov/research-collections/archaeology/native-american-archaeology/collections/west-athens-hill-site#:~:text=Funk%20excavated%20the%20West%20Athens,end%20of%20the%20Ice%20Age. |title=West Athens Hill Site |author=<!--Not stated--> |date=n.d. |website=New York State Museum |publisher=[[University of the State of New York]] |access-date=October 21, 2023 |archive-date=August 24, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230824013715/https://www.nysm.nysed.gov/research-collections/archaeology/native-american-archaeology/collections/west-athens-hill-site}}</ref> Columbia County and some parts of Greene County were inhabited by [[Mohicans]],<ref name=NYTribeMap>{{cite web |url=http://www.native-languages.org/york.htm |title=Native American Tribes of New York |author=<!--Not stated--> |date=n.d. |website=Native American Language Net |publisher=Native Languages of the Americas |access-date=October 21, 2023 |archive-date=October 9, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231009172255/http://www.native-languages.org/york.htm}}<!-- Source used for File:Mohican distribution map.svg --></ref> more specifically the [[Wawyachtonoc]] and [[Wiekagjoc]] tribes.<ref name=IndianAffairs>{{cite book |last1=Trelease |first1=Allen W. |last2=Starna |first2=William A. |date=1960 |title=Indian Affairs in Colonial New York Indian Affairs in Colonial New York |publisher=University of Nebraska Press |page=8 |isbn=978-0803294318}}</ref><ref name=NorthofMexico>{{Cite book|last=Hodge|first=Frederick Webb|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UOwpAQAAMAAJ&q=Shecomeco+Wawyachtonoc&pg=PA538|title=Handbook of American Indians North of Mexico: N-Z|date=1912|publisher=U.S. Government Printing Office|language=en}}</ref> Dutchess County was also home to the Wawyachtonoc tribe, as well as the [[Wappinger]] people.<ref name=TheWappingerPeople>{{cite web |url=https://mountgulian.org/history/the-wappinger-people/#:~:text=The%20Wappingers%20(Wappinnee%2C%20Wapinck%2C,and%20south%20into%20Westchester%20County. |title=The Wappinger People |author=<!--Not stated--> |date=n.d. |website=Native American Language Net |publisher=Mount Gulian Historical Society |access-date=October 21, 2023 |archive-date=March 28, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230328021735/https://mountgulian.org/history/the-wappinger-people/}}</ref> The Wappinger people also held territory from Westchester and Putnam to Manhattan and the Bronx.<ref name="Sultzman, Lee 1997">{{cite web|author= Sultzman, Lee|year= 1997|title=Wappinger History|access-date=14 January 2012|url= http://www.dickshovel.com/wap.html}}</ref>
-The [[Lenape|Lenni Lenape]] people inhabited the southern portion of Downstate New York.<ref name=NYTribeMap /> The [[Munsee]] subtribe were the original inhabitants of Orange County, living around the [[Minisink|Minisink Valley]] area.<ref name=ShortHistory-OrangeCounty>{{cite web |url=https://www.thewaldenhouse.org/LHD2010/A%20Short%20History%20of%20Orange%20County.pdf |title=A Short History of Orange County N.Y. |last=Booth |first=Malcom A. |date=n.d. |website=The Jacob T. Walden House |publisher=The Orange County Chamber Of Commerce, Inc.  |access-date=October 21, 2023 |archive-date=September 30, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200930083016/https://www.thewaldenhouse.org/LHD2010/A%20Short%20History%20of%20Orange%20County.pdf}}</ref>
+The [[Lenape|Lenni Lenape]] people inhabited the southern portion of Downstate New York.<ref name=NYTribeMap /> The [[Munsee]] subtribe were the original inhabitants of Orange County, living around the [[Minisink|Minisink Valley]] area.<ref name=ShortHistory-OrangeCounty>{{cite web |url=https://www.thewaldenhouse.org/LHD2010/A%20Short%20History%20of%20Orange%20County.pdf |title=A Short History of Orange County N.Y. |last=Booth |first=Malcom A. |date=n.d. |website=The Jacob T. Walden House |publisher=The Orange County Chamber Of Commerce, Inc.  |access-date=October 21, 2023 |archive-date=September 30, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200930083016/https://www.thewaldenhouse.org/LHD2010/A%20Short%20History%20of%20Orange%20County.pdf}}</ref> The [[Esopus people|Waoraneck]] and Warranawankong people lived in Ulster County.<ref name=8000Years>{{cite web |url=https://nyheritage.org/collections/8000-years-native-american-history-and-culture#:~:text=The%20Waoranecks%20and%20Warranawankongs%20are,the%20place%20where%20they%20lived. |title=8,000 Years of Native American History and Culture |author=<!--Not stated--> |date=n.d. |website=New York Heritage Digital Collections |publisher=Empire State Liberty Network |access-date=October 21, 2023 |archive-date=June 8, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230608151235/https://nyheritage.org/collections/8000-years-native-american-history-and-culture}}</ref>
 ==Geography==