The main phase of the New Zealand Wars between British colonials and the Māori population begins with the First Taranaki War in 1860. The most significant campaign is the Invasion of Waikato in 1863, which sees some 14,000 British and colonial troops engaged.
The Kingdom of Prussia under Bismarckinvaded Denmark in 1864, which ended in the division of Schleswig, the location of a pro-German revolt, between Prussia and the Austrian Empire. Though Prussia and Austria had both fought side by side in this war, Prussia later attacked Austria in the Austro-Prussian war of 1866. The technological and logistical superiority of Prussia's armed forces obliterated Austria and its allies, the former also having to deal with Prussia's ally Italy in Venice. By the end of these conflicts, Prussia was seen as the most powerful state in Germany, and had total hegemony over the other German states. The NGF was formed after the Austro-Prussian war, uniting the states of north Germany, and Prussia soon led it into another conflict with France.
Helium was first detected during the total solar eclipse of August 18, 1868, in parts of India. It was the first eclipse expedition in which a spectroscope was used.
J. Norman Lockyer and Pierre Janssen are honored for their discovery of the nature of the Sun’s prominences. They were the first to notice bright spectral emission lines when viewing the limb of the Sun without the aid of a total solar eclipse.
Bahá'u'lláh declares his station as "the One whom God shall make Manifest", in the Garden of Ridván, as foretold by the Báb. Bahá’ís see this as the beginning date of the Bahá'í Faith.
The Cincinnati Redstockings became the first openly professional baseball team in 1869. They finished the same season with a perfect 58-0 record, thanks in large part to their Hall of Fame leader Harry Wright.
Fashion
This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (January 2010)
The Victorian era and its culture largely thrived from 1860 until 1901.
The culture of the Victorian era comes to America and remains in place until around the turn of the 20th century, where the year it ends is disputed as to whether it ended with the rise of progressivism in 1896 or with the death of Queen Victoria in 1901.