Jump to content

2016 Mong Kok civil unrest

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

This is an old revision of this page, as edited by 162.223.39.2 (talk) at 18:49, 5 May 2016 (→Hawkers crackdown: More weasel-y ness.). The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this revision, which may differ significantly from the current revision.

2016 Mong Kok civil unrest
A fire set in Nelson Street by the rioters on the morning of 9 February
Date8–9 February 2016
Location
Mong Kok, Hong Kong
Caused by
MethodsRioting, vandalism, arson, and assault
Parties
Lead figures
Number
Unknown
700[1][6]
Casualties and losses
90 police officers injured[7][8]
130 injured[8][9][10]

Civil unrest occurred in Mong Kok, Hong Kong from the night of 8 February 2016 until the next morning. The incident escalated from the government's crackdown on unlicensed street hawkers during the Chinese New Year holidays. Eventual violent clashes broke out between police and protesters. Batons and pepper spray were used by the police and two warning shots were fired into the air, while protesters threw glass bottles, bricks, flower pots and trash bins toward the police and set fires in the streets.

The Hong Kong government has classified the violent incident as a riot, while some media outlets and social media platforms have opted for calling the event "Fishball Revolution" (魚蛋革命), in reference to fishballs,[12] a popular Hong Kong street food. The violence has been described by The Economist as "the worst outbreak of rioting since the 1960s."[13]

Background

Political context

Since the 2014 protests, the popularity of Leung Chun-ying, and his administration, has continued to plunge new historical lows.[14] The relationship between the Hong Kong Police Force, often referred to as "Asia's finest" in the past, and the public have also become strained due mainly to a number of controversies, including the beating of protester Ken Tsang by seven plainclothes officers in Admiralty, the indiscriminate clubbing of members of the public by superintendent Franklin Chu in Mong Kok during the 2014 protests and the considerable delay for them to be prosecuted – in the case of Chu, the police refused to prosecute.[15]

The events of 2014 spawned a number of new activist groups with some taking an anti-government and militant stance. Hong Kong Indigenous, a localist group formed in early 2015, had previously been involved in violent clashes with police in several anti-parallel trading protests.[16] The various localist groups hold a strong anti-mainland sentiment, generally with the view that the increasing political and economic integration of Hong Kong and Mainland China, as well as the influx of Mainland tourists and immigrants are undermining the autonomy and identity of Hong Kong.[17]

Hawkers crackdown

Further information: Hawkers in Hong Kong

The Chinese New Year holidays have traditionally attracted many unlicensed hawkers (street vendors), selling Hong Kong street food and other products, at popular locations including Sai Yeung Choi Street, Mong Kok and Kweilin Street, Sham Shui Po. Despite operating without license, the Food and Environmental Hygiene Department (FEHD) have, in the past, not taken action against hawkers during the New Year holidays. However, in recent years the FEHD has begun monitoring unlicensed cooked food hawkers during the Chinese New Year at night markets over fears of unsanitary practices, obstruction of roadways and general disruption.[18] During Chinese New Year in 2014, FEHD staff conducted surprise inspections at Kweilin Street Night Market making arrests and confiscating stalls causing some public disquiet. However, shortly after the FEHD officers departed, the hawkers returned and a lively night market resumed.[19]

In November 2014 Sham Shui Po District Council, passed a motion of "zero tolerance" towards unlicensed hawkers for the upcoming Chinese New Year.[20] However, grassroots organisations complained that, due to the government's refusal to issue new hawker licenses or construct new markets, hawkers could only subsist by defying the law; they further asserted that Kweilin Street night market was enjoying a resurgence in popularity and a "zero tolerance" policy would only exacerbate grievances.[21] During Chinese New Year in 2015, there were at least three groups giving vocal support to street vendors in Sham Shui Po[22] with Hong Kong Indigenous embarking on a campaign of street cleaning to allay concerns over hygiene.[23] In 2016, however, street hawkers have been put under pressure by a city-wide FEHD crackdown which drew discontent from locals.[1]

From the evening of 2 February 2016, in the run up to Chinese New Year, hawkers in Tuen Mun who were setting up stall outside a mall near Leung King Estate, operated by Link REIT, were opposed by a group of masked men identifying themselves as "management" and claiming to represent The Link.[24] These men later insisted that hawkers could no longer set up in or around the estate, so as not to affect the mall tenants.[24] During the late night market, a number of incidents occurred but were not acted upon by police.[24][25]

On the evening of 7 February, Chinese New Year's Eve, tens of hawkers began setting up stall in Kwelin Street night market but were chased away by the FEHD. Sociology lecturer and activist Lau Siu-lai, wishing to provoke public debate over the hawker issue, acted in deliberate defiance of the FEHD and was arrested.[26][27] Originally wishing just to enjoy the ambience of the street market, Lau was arrested when she began to help sell grilled cuttlefish in defiance of the FEHD officers and her arrest was ordered by the senior officer present. There was disquiet over her arrest at the scene, and a number of protesters immediately went to picket Sham Shui Po Police Station where she was held. That night and through the next day activists began to contact hawkers to encourage them to set up stall in Mong Kok, and also began the online call for supporters to protect local Hong Kong distinctiveness.[28]

Course of events

Police on Sai Yeung Choi Street South in the morning of 9 February.
Protesters dig out road bricks.
The scene in the morning after the unrest.

On 8 February, the first day of the Chinese New Year, FEHD officers attempted to patrol the side streets of Mong Kok. Hong Kong Indigenous called for action online to shield the hawkers, and by around 9 pm a few hundred had gathered and verbally assaulted the FEHD officers.[1]

At around 10 pm, a taxi driving into Portland Street accidentally hit an old man. Protesters blocked the road and prevented the taxi from leaving. The Hong Kong Police arrived and surrounded the car, warning others not to get closer. The police left shortly after and returned with a portable podium for crowd control at 11:45 pm, this sparked anger in the crowd.[29] Around midnight, violent clashes broke out between police and protestors as police urged them to clear the street. The police put on protective gear, including helmets and shields and used batons and pepper spray on the protestors,[1] while some of the protesters, equipped with home-made shields, goggles, helmets and gloves, threw projectiles at the police.[10][30]

At around 2 am, two warning shots were fired into the air on Argyle Street by a team of traffic officers which had become surrounded by protesters and who were being pelted with pallets and rocks.[10] The scene descended into chaos as protesters charged the police line and engaged in scuffles and fighting with the police and tossed glass bottles and rubbish bins at them,[29] At 2:30 am, more police arrived at the scene to disperse the protestors. The standoff subsequently moved to Nathan Road at 3 am.[29]

At 4 am, the first of multiple fires was started in Sai Yeung Choi Street South, followed by three more ignited in the same street.[29] Some protestors set fire to rubbish bins surrounding Shantung Street and Soy Street, including the junctions of Fife Street and Portland Street and of Nathan Road and Nelson Street, these were put out by the police and firemen.[30] Both lanes of Nathan Road were blocked from south of Argyle Street and the Mong Kok MTR station was shut down.[10]

At 7:15 am, protesters were dispersed from Soy Street near Fa Yuen Street, following a long standoff, after police officers of the Police Tactical Unit were deployed.[29] Protesters gradually dispersed around 8 am. The streets in Mong Kok were calm by 9:00 am, and Mong Kok MTR station was reopened at 9:45 am.[31]

A total of 61 people were arrested,[2][32][33] including Edward Leung, spokesman of the Hong Kong Indigenous and candidate for the Legislative Council by-election.[34] One of the members of Youngspiration, another localist group was also arrested.[10] 90 police officers and several reporters were also injured in the violence.[7] The Hong Kong Journalists Association said that a Ming Pao journalist was beaten by a policeman despite declaring his identity.[35] Reporters from broadcasters RTHK and TVB were also injured by protesters.[35]

Incidences of intimidation at Leung King Estate by "management"

Separate minor conflicts continued to occur at Leung King Plaza in Leung King Estate, Tuen Mun where hawkers had gathered. A group of men dressed in dark jackets with "manager" (管理員) printed on the backs were reported to be acting, according to residents and hawkers, in an intimidating manner nightly since 2 February. More than 200 showed up to protest against the men combating the hawkers on the night of 8 February. Some minor clashes broke out between the self-proclaimed managers and the protesters, and required mediation by the police.[36] Two protesters were arrested and one reporter was injured during the clash.[37]

Conflicts between the control team and the public reoccurred on the night of 9 February. The control team was filmed beating up protesters while police stood by and prevented others from being involved. A reporter was also beaten up by the control team.[38] A 31-year-old man was arrested for causing disorder in a public place. He allegedly interfered with a worker performing his duties at Leung King Estate. The Link REIT distanced itself from the clashes and denied the hawker control team was part of its staff.[39]

Reactions

Chinese government

Following the The central government declared the localist groups, which it deemed responsible for the violence, as "separatists" .[40] On 11 February, more than two days after the unrest, a Foreign Ministry spokesman stated that the "riot [was] plotted mainly by local radical separatist organisation ... The Chinese central government believes and firmly supports the Hong Kong SAR government and the police in safeguarding social security, protecting Hong Kong residents and their property, and punishing illegal and criminal activities in accordance with the law, so as to maintain the overall stability of the Hong Kong society."[41]

Director of the Liaison Office of the Central People's Government in Hong Kong Zhang Xiaoming, branded participants as “radical separatists” who were "inclined toward terrorism."[42]

The People’s Liberation Army released a statement holding “individual local radical separatist organisation(s)” responsible for the riot as well as criticising western media for "beautifying the unrest" in its early reports.[43]

Hong Kong government

The Hong Kong Police referred to the event as a "riot" and the protestors a "mob".[10] "Radical elements have come with self-made weapons and shields and clashed with police," Crusade Yau Siu-kei, deputy Mong Kok district commander said. "The situation ran out of control and became a riot." It also said it does not rule out the riot was "organised", claiming that prearranged vehicles were used by protesters to transport equipment.[10]

The police released a statement released at 3:23 am on 9 February, strongly condemning the clashes in Mong Kok, and defending its "resolute actions" including the deployment of batons, pepper spray to stop "unlawful violence acts," and vowed "resolute enforcement actions will be taken against any illegal acts to preserve public order and safeguard public safety."[10] Another statement released at 6 a.m. said: "Police reiterate that any acts endangering public order and public safety will not be tolerated. The Hong Kong community regard that the public should express their views in a rational and peaceful manner. Police will take enforcement actions decisively on law-breaking behaviours."[10]

The Hong Kong government condemned the "mobs have taken part in a riot in Mong Kok, attacking police officers on duty and media covering the incident at the site" in a statement. It stated that "the mobs would be apprehended and brought to justice."[44]

Chief Executive Leung Chun-ying justified the police firing of warning shots, as the rioters had attacked policemen who were already injured and lying on the ground. "Any big city facing a similar nature of events would classify it as a riot, not just for the government but society as a whole," he said. "The police exercised maximum restraint" when compared with other western countries.[45]

Politicians

Ip Kwok-him, a Beijing-loyalist Democratic Alliance for the Betterment and Progress of Hong Kong (DAB) legislator and chairman of panel of Security of the Legislative Council, defended the police decision to open fire as "appropriate" given the critical circumstances and believed it was an organised crime.[45]

Yau Tsim Mong District Council chairman Chris Ip Ngo-tung, a DAB member, also condemned the violent actions, stating his belief that the people of Hong Kong "would not agree with such barbarian acts." He thanked police and reporters for their duties during the events.[46]

The Democratic Party, a pro-democracy party, also released a statement saying that it condemns and does not tolerate any violence and acts of arson, while sending their sympathy to the injured. It urged a full investigation over the firing of warning shots by a police officer, and asked the government to reflect on the underlying problems such as the people's frustration, their loss of faith in the government, and the government's hawker policy.[46]

Lau Siu-kai, vice-president of the Chinese Association of Hong Kong and Macao Studies, a thinktank close to Beijing, suggested that the Hong Kong Basic Law Article 23, the proposed national security law which is strongly opposed by the Hong Kong public, should be introduced in the wake of the Mong Kok unrest.[47]

Student groups

Seven local university student unions issued statements condemning police violence and declaring their support for those who took part in the protests in Mong Kok. The Hong Kong University Students’ Union (HKUSU) issued a statement entitled “Forever we stand with the rebels”, pledging that they "shall never turn our back on or leave them alone and unassisted."[48]

The Hong Kong Baptist University Students’ Union’s statement also condemned the government and the police, for the unreasonably arrest of protesters, beating up journalists and oppressing Hong Kong Indigenous members. "Between the high wall and the egg, we will always stand on the side of the egg," it said.[48]

The Student Union of the Chinese University of Hong Kong criticised police action and said that the fire of resistance had been ignited by Chief Executive Leung Chun-ying. “Hongkongers must remember the totalitarian regime and unite,” it said.[48]

Activist groups

Scholarism, a student activist group that took a leading role in the 2014 protests, condemned police for the excessive use of force since the 2014 protests. The group expressed shock at the police's deliberate provocation of citizens and for escalating violence on protestors.[35][49] Joshua Wong, the group's convenor, disagreed with the violence, noting that peaceful protest did not achieve any change, blamed the government for the increasing divisions in Hong Kong society and the radicalisation of protests since 2014 Hong Kong protests.[50] Wong questioned the rapidity of the police arrests on this occasion compared with the apparent stalling in prosecuting the officers accused of beating Ken Tsang during the Umbrella Revolution.[50]

Ray Wong, convenor of Hong Kong Indigenous who also took a role in the early stage of the protests, disagreed with Leung Chung-ying framing the clashes as "riot", stating that protestors were only helping the hawkers to do business until the police rushed into Shangtung Street at midnight. He dismissed the claim that the violent clashes were staged. He thought that throwing bricks should not be considered as fierce, as compared to other countries. He also believed that firing warning shots as inappropriate.[51]

Journalists

The Hong Kong News Executives' Association, the Hong Kong Press Photographers Association, and the Hong Kong Journalists Association (HKJA) all released statements condemning the acts of violence and verbal assaults against reporters, as well as the prevention of reporters from reporting. The Hong Kong News Executives' Association stated that these actions were a serious impediment to the freedom of the press, destroys the rule of law in Hong Kong, and deprived the public of their right to know.[52]

Social media

Hong Kong social media users took to Twitter using the hashtag #fishballrevolution, in reference to a popular street food. Some highlighted the protest was about the problems faced by street food hawkers, while the other suggested that violent factions had hijacked the protest for their own ends.[53]

Google Trends showed a sharp uptick in interest over fishball in the light of the unrest, with searches for "fishball" jumping 34 percent and "fish ball" 26 percent, mainly from Singapore and the Philippines.[54]

Subsequent events

Arrests

Between the end of the protests and 10 February, 54 men and 9 women have been arrested for suspected involvement in the unrest. Edward Leung and around 20 members and volunteers of the group were arrested.[55][56] A member of Youngspiration and another from Civic Passion, two localist groups, were also arrested.[10][57] Their alleged offences include participating in unlawful assembly, attacking police officers, refusing to be arrested, obstructing police and carrying weapons.[58] 38 of them have been charged with rioting under the Public Order Ordinance (Cap. 245 § 19), which was amended in 1970 in the wake of the 1967 Leftist riots.[59][60] A lone man, who was walking towards Argyle Street on 8 February and who then found himself surrounded by ten police in riot gear, was arrested on charges of obstructing police but later charged with "rioting". A video showing the events leading up to the arrest, showing that he followed orders shouted at him by police, quickly went viral.[61]

On 10 February Derek Lam (林淳軒), a 22-year-old member of Scholarism, was arrested by the police at the Hong Kong airport while en route to a vacation in Taiwan with his family.[62] He was taken into custody and subsequently charged with rioting.[62] The group confirmed that Lam was present in Mong Kok from 10:00 pm Monday night to 2:15 am, but was not involved in the violence. The police also attempted to search Lam's flat without a warrant but were prevented by Lam's lawyer. Scholarism protested at the "arbitrary" arrest, and the Divinity School of Chung Chi College at the Chinese University of Hong Kong, where Lam was a student, also defended Lam and denied he had been involved in the riots. The school also demanded the police provide justification for his arrest.[63]

Police suspected a possible link of an eco-warehouse in Kwai Chung to the Mong Kok unrest. On 11 February morning, three people, a 34-year-old architectural draftsman, an unemployed woman aged 46 and a woman aged 47 who sold organic food, were arrested on suspicion of possessing offensive weapons with intent after the police raided their leased unit in the Vigor Industrial Building. A number of items that police deemed were offensive weapons, including 18 knives, wooden batons, metal rods, water pipes, surgical masks, work gloves, Walkie-talkies, a toy gun and bottles of liquid and crystallised chemicals of unknown composition were seized. However, the environmental protection group “Oh Yes It’s Free” – which operates the warehouse aiming to categorising rubbish and recycling it – protested that those arrested were innocent and the confiscated articles were donations they had received from the public.[64][65] The goods and materials found at the site were collected as part of the group's philosophy of reuse and recycling and were temporarily stored in the warehouse awaiting treatment, disposal or collection by the next public.[64][65]

On 11 February, police raided the home of Hong Kong Indigenous convener Ray Wong in Tseung Kwan O but did not find him. Subsequently, Wong disappeared from all media contact.[66] Wong was arrested at a friend's residence in Tin Shui Wai on 22 February for "incitement to riot and possessing prohibited items".[67]

By 23 February, a total number of 74 people had been arrested in connection to the clashes, of which more than 40 were charged with rioting.[11]

Complaints against police

A Ming Pao journalist, surnamed Tang, filed a formal complaint with the Complaints Against Police Office after he was filmed being pushed down and beaten by officers. In the video, Tang is heard identifying himself repeatedly as a journalist.[68] Ming Pao released a statement condemning the police officers involved and called upon the force to investigate.[68]

Official inquiry

The HK government flatly rejected holding an independent inquiry into the civil unrest, and its official statement caused controversy. In referring to the Mong Kok incident as a "riot" and the 1967 leftist riots, lasting over six months and led to over 50 deaths, as "disturbances", the government apparently sought to redefined the 1967 riots as legitimate political struggle.[69] On 9 February, police commissioner Stephen Lo Wai-chung announced that a "full investigation" will be held to determine whether the firing of two warning shots by an unidentified police officer was appropriate.[70]

Disappointment within police force

Frontline police officers were reported deeply disappointed with their senior management that left more than 90 officers wounded. They were disappointed with Commissioner Stephen Lo Wai-chung's announcement of a full investigation. “What does he need to investigate? Lo should have stood up for the frontline officers who were beaten up and attacked by the mob, like [former commissioner Andy Tsang] did in the past,” an officer said. Lo was questioned whether he could safeguard the pride and dignity of the force when he appeared “soft” and “feeble” to the public.[71]

An officer slammed the force for poor arrangements and inadequate gear, citing the least equipped traffic officers being at the very front to handle the protestors. He questioned if a political agenda was behind the decision not to use tear gas. He suggested the use of rubber bullets would be justified in the face of such a violent, large-scale riot. Junior Police Officers’ Association chairman Joe Chan Cho-kwong appealed to Legislative Council to back the use of "new model weapons and gears", including water cannons to maintain public order.[71]

New Territories East by-election

Further information: New Territories East by-election, 2016

In the Legislative Council New Territories East by-election took place on 28 February, Edward Leung Tin-kei who took a main role in the unrest, received a better-than-expected result by taking more than 66,000 votes, 15 percent of the total votes, coming behind pro-democratic Civic Party and Beijing-loyalist Democratic Alliance for the Betterment and Progress of Hong Kong .[72]

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f g "【A1頭條】本土派號召300人旺角撐小販 警開兩槍". Apple Daily. 9 February 2016.
  2. ^ a b Jenkins, Nash (9 February 2016). "Hong Kong Sees Violent Start to Chinese New Year as Protesters Clash With Police". TIME.
  3. ^ "【政情】旺角騷亂警隊新貴引爆前線怨氣". now TV. 12 February 2016.
  4. ^ Chu, Lawrence; Blundy, Rachel (9 February 2016). "In pictures: Mong Kok hawker protest turns violent on first night of Lunar New Year". South China Morning Post. Retrieved 19 February 2016.
  5. ^ "【旺角夜市】防暴警出動 本土派籲群眾「自己執生」". Apple Daily. 9 February 2016.
  6. ^ "旺角騷亂高峰期七百人聚集". YAHOO. 16 February 2016.
  7. ^ a b Cheung, Elizabeth; Leung, Christy (9 February 2016). "54 nabbed for Mong Kok riot, says Hong Kong police chief, with more arrests to come". South China Morning Post.
  8. ^ a b "【旺角騷亂】6人仍留院 一半是警員". Apple Daily. 10 February 2016.
  9. ^ "'An inquiry into the Mong Kok riot would only create a new battleground': former Central Policy Unit chief compares Star Ferry and Hong Kong riots". SCMP. 16 February 2016.
  10. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Lau, Chris; Ng, Joyce; Lee, Danny (9 February 2016). "Gunshots fired as violence flares between Hong Kong police and protestors defending Mong Kok hawkers on first day of Chinese New Year". South China Morning Post.
  11. ^ a b "Hunt on for 100 Hong Kong rioters who took 'active role' in Mong Kok mayhem". South China Morning Post. 23 February 2016.
  12. ^ VICE News. "'Fishball Revolution' Creates Chaos on Hong Kong Streets During Chinese New Year Fest". VICE News.
  13. ^ "The fire-monkey stirs: Street violence and politics". The Economist. 11 February 2016. Retrieved 12 February 2016.
  14. ^ Cheng, Kris (2 September 2015). "CY Leung's ratings at new low, says HKU poll". Hong Kong Free Press.
  15. ^ Cheung, Eric (27 July 2015). "Public trust in police force reaches new low – survey". Hong Kong Free Press.
  16. ^ "Categories – Law & Order – 33 arrested in Yuen Long protest". Government of Hong Kong. 28 February 2015.
  17. ^ Ramzy, Austin (8 February 2016). "Protesters and Police Clash at Chinese New Year Festivities in Hong Kong". New York Times.
  18. ^ "食環擬趕絶 桂林夜市恐消失". Stand News. 11 February 2015. Retrieved 9 February 2016.
  19. ^ "「桂林街夜市」 掃蕩惹鼓譟". Oriental Daily News. 3 February 2014. Retrieved 9 February 2016.
  20. ^ "過年前帶頭趕絕 民建聯今倡深水埗設夜市". Stand News. 10 March 2015.
  21. ^ "指桂林夜市如佔深　民建聯促零容忍執法 撐基層聯盟：徒增民怨". Apple Daily (in Chinese). 17 January 2015. Retrieved 9 February 2016.
  22. ^ "新春可否有夜市 為小販求情？". Economic Times. 17 February 2015. Retrieved 10 February 2016.
  23. ^ "熱血時報 - 桂林夜市旺角重生　本土派協助清理街道". Passion Times. 20 February 2015.
  24. ^ a b c "Masked men attack hawkers, residents at Tuen Mun housing estate". EJ Insight.
  25. ^ "良景邨小販踩過界 金毛管理員晒馬". Apple Daily (in Chinese). 3 February 2016.Template:Zh-hant
  26. ^ "小麗老師被捕". Stand News. 8 February 2016.Template:Zh-hant
  27. ^ "我擺街，但我沒犯罪！". Stand News. 8 February 2016.Template:Zh-hant
  28. ^ "旺角黑夜". News Magazine 2016. Episode 5 (in Chinese). 10 February 2016. TVB. Jade. Retrieved 18 February 2016. {{cite episode}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |city= (help)
  29. ^ a b c d e Lau, Chris (9 January 2016). "Timeline and map: how the Mong Kok street hawker hygiene clampdown became a full-scale riot". South China Morning Post.
  30. ^ a b "【旺角衝突直播中】更新開槍片段: 警員開兩槍全程直擊". Apple Daily. 9 February 2016.
  31. ^ "騷亂過後回復平靜 港鐵旺角站重開". Apple Daily. 9 February 2016.
  32. ^ "【旺角騷亂】警引用參與暴動罪 61男女被捕". Apple Daily. 9 February 2016.
  33. ^ "【旺角衝突】警方拘捕24示威者 警員及記者44人傷". Apple Daily. 9 February 2016.
  34. ^ "【旺角黑夜】本民前梁天琦被捕". HK01.
  35. ^ a b c Cheung, Karen (9 February 2016). "Protester violence in Mong Kok and police reaction condemned by political and activist groups". Hong Kong Free Press.
  36. ^ "【新春小販】不滿領展「管理員」禁錮良景小販　市民聲援爆衝突". HK01. 8 February 2016.
  37. ^ "良景邨夜市爆衝突　記者被推倒在地　兩男子被捕". Ming Pao. 9 February 2016.
  38. ^ "惡煞「管理員」暴力趕良景小販 高永文避答". Apple Daily. 10 February 2016.
  39. ^ Fung, Owen; Lee, Eddie (10 February 2016). "'I will be here until they kill us' – street vendors at Hong Kong estate defiant after simmering unrest turns violent". South China Morning Post.
  40. ^ "旺角騷亂 京定性本土激進分離組織策動 議員：為23條立法鋪路". Apple Daily. 13 February 2016.
  41. ^ "Foreign Ministry Spokesperson Hong Lei's Remarks on the Riot in Hong Kong". Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People's Republic of China. 11 February 2016.
  42. ^ Tweed, David (26 February 2016). "Hong Kong Independence Goes From Fringe Cause to Contender". Bloomberg Business.
  43. ^ http://www.scmp.com/news/hong-kong/law-crime/article/1914011/dont-do-stupid-things-pla-blames-separatists-hong-kong-mong
  44. ^ "The Government condemns mob activities". Hong Kong Government. 9 February 2016.
  45. ^ a b Sun, Nikki (9 January 2016). "Hong Kong New Year fireworks will not be cancelled: Chief Executive CY Leung condemns Mong Kok protesters, supports police tactics". South China Morning Post.
  46. ^ a b "【旺角衝突】民主黨譴責暴力縱火行為 促查警開槍檢討社會矛盾". Apple Daily. 9 January 2016.
  47. ^ "【旺角騷亂】劉兆佳：盡快就23條立法 免被中央視為威脅國家安全". Apple Daily. 13 January 2016.
  48. ^ a b c Cheung, Karen (11 February 2016). "Local university student unions stand united with Mong Kok protesters, condemn police action". Hong Kong Free Press.
  49. ^ "【旺角衝突】學民思潮斥警激化矛盾 譴責舉槍指嚇棍毆市民". Apple Daily. 9 January 2016.
  50. ^ a b "Govt attitude will spur more violence: Joshua Wong". Radio Television Hong Kong. 11 February 2016.
  51. ^ "【旺角衝突】黃台仰：掟磚非激烈事前冇準備 焦點應放在警濫權". Apple Daily. 9 January 2016.
  52. ^ "【旺角衝突】記者被磚打中 多個新聞協會強烈讉責". Apple Daily. 9 January 2016.
  53. ^ Ma, Laura; Blund, Rachel (9 January 2016). "#Fishballrevolution: Hong Kong's social media users react to violent Mong Kok hawker protest". South China Morning Post.
  54. ^ Moss, Daniel (10 January 2016). "Fishball spike: world searches for meaning in Hong Kong treat that helped spark a riot". South China Morning Post.
  55. ^ "【旺角黑夜】本民前梁天琦被捕". HK01. 9 February 2016.
  56. ^ "【旺角衝突】本民前稱警上門圖強行入屋 約20成員義工被捕". Apple Daily. 9 February 2016.
  57. ^ "【旺角騷亂】熱血公民成員柏洋被加控參與暴動罪". Apple Daily. 10 February 2016.
  58. ^ Cheung, Tony (10 February 2016). "Former Occupy activist nabbed at Hong Kong airport over alleged involvement in Mong Kok riot". South China Morning Post.
  59. ^ "【旺角騷亂】暴動罪係乜？湯家驊：六七暴動後修例從未引用". Apple Daily. 9 February 2016.
  60. ^ "【旺角騷亂】38人被控暴動罪 今日法院提堂". Apple Daily. 11 February 2016.
  61. ^ "Man arrested despite following police orders, video shows". EJ Insight. 15 February 2016.
  62. ^ a b Cheng, Kris (10 February 2016). "Student activist group member arrested at airport over alleged involvement in Mong Kok unrest". Hong Kong Free Press.
  63. ^ "要求警方立即釋放林淳軒同學" [We request the police immediately release Lam Shun-hin] (in Chinese). Divinity School of Chung Chi College, Chinese University of Hong Kong. 10 October 2016.
  64. ^ a b Mok, Danny (11 February 2016). "Hong Kong police probe possible riot link after trio arrested in flat with haul of offensive weapons". South China Morning Post.
  65. ^ a b "環境局政助曾親臨領二手家具". Apple Daily. 13 February 2016.
  66. ^ Wong, Hermina (12 February 2016). "Leader of localist group linked to Mong Kok unrest falls off radar after 'final message'". Hong Kong Free Press. Retrieved 23 February 2016.
  67. ^ Cheung, Eric (22 February 2016). "Police find 'explosive material', 'weapons' as Ray Wong is arrested". Hong Kong Free Press. Retrieved 23 February 2016.
  68. ^ a b Cheng, Kris (10 February 2016). "Local newspaper journalist to file complaint after being 'beaten up' by police". Hong Kong Free Press.
  69. ^ "Why government rejected independent probe into Mong Kok clashes". EJ Insight. 16 February 2016.
  70. ^ "Police to hold inquiry about warning shots". Radio Television Hong Kong. 9 February 2016.
  71. ^ a b Siu, Jasmine; Leung, Christy (11 February 2016). "Angry Hong Kong police criticise 'feeble' senior management over Mong Kok riot arrangements". South China Morning Post.
  72. ^ "2016 Legislative Council Geographical Constituency New Territories By-election - Election Result". Electoral Affairs Commission. 29 February 2016.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to 2016 Mong Kok civil unrest.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2016_Mong_Kok_civil_unrest&oldid=718805124"