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Charles, Count of Soissons

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Charles de Bourbon
Count of Soissons
Copper engraving by Dominicus Custos, c. 1600
Born(1566-11-03)3 November 1566
Nogent-le-Rotrou
Died1 November 1612(1612-11-01) (aged 45)
Château de Blandy-les-Tours
SpouseAnne de Montafié
IssueLouis, Count of Soissons
Louise, Duchess of Longueville
Marie, Princess of Carignan
HouseBourbon-Condé
FatherLouis, Prince of Condé
MotherFrançoise d'Orléans

Charles de Bourbon (3 November 1566 – 1 November 1612) was a French prince du sang and military commander during the struggles over religion and the throne in late 16th century France. A first cousin of King Henry IV of France, he was the son of the Huguenot leader Louis I de Bourbon, prince de Condé and his second wife, Françoise d'Orléans-Longueville (5 April 1549 – 1601).[1] He gave his name to the Hôtel de Soissons after his title Count of Soissons.

Career

Coat-of-arms for Charles, Count of Soissons.

Born in Nogent-le-Rotrou, Soissons joined the Catholic League during the French Wars of Religion despite his older half-brothers' Protestant affiliations.[2] He left the royal court disenchanted soon thereafter however, and was won over to the cause of Henry of Navarre.[3]

Charles fought for Henry at the battle of Coutras in 1587,[4] was then introduced and secretly engaged to Henry's sister Catherine.[3] He attended the Estates General at Blois in 1588, fought back the League's forces at the battle of Saint Symphorien in 1589, was taken prisoner at Château-Giron and, escaping from Nantes, joined forces with Henry at Dieppe. After the battle of Ivry he led the king's cavalry in besieging Paris in 1590, and proved his worth at the sieges of Chartres in 1591 and of Rouen in 1592. Although he briefly joined in the scheme of his brother Charles, Cardinal de Bourbon, to form a third party in the kingdom, he attended Henry's coronation in 1594. He fought loyally at the successful siege of Laon. Peace having been concluded with Spain, he commanded troops in the war in Savoy in 1600.[5]

He had been inducted into the Order of the Holy Spirit in 1585 by Henry III. Henry IV made him Grand mâitre of the royal household and governor of the province of Brittany in 1589. In 1602 he was made governor of the Dauphiné, and of Normandy in 1610, in which year he was also present at the coronation of Louis XIII.[5] After Henry's death later that year, Soissons opposed the policies of his widow, the queen regent Marie de' Medici. In 1612 Samuel de Champlain convinced Charles to obtain the office of Lieutenant-General from King Louis XIII, which he did.

After the Bourbons obtained the French crown and the Princes de Condé and their heirs apparent (by right of their rank as premier princes du sang[citation needed]) became known, respectively, as Monsieur le prince and Monsieur le duc, Charles came to be styled Monsieur le comte at court. That honorific was borne also by his son Louis and, subsequently, by the Savoy counts of Soissons who inherited the countship from Charles's daughter, Marie, princesse de Carignan, even though they ranked as princes étrangers in France rather than as princes du sang.[6]

The death of Henry IV in 1610 weakened Samuel de Champlain's chances of successfully colonizing New France, and, by the advice of Pierre Dugua, Sieur de Mons, he sought a protector in the person of the Count of Soissons, who accepted the proposal to become the “father of New France,” obtained from the queen regent the authority necessary to preserve and advance all that had been already done, and appointed Champlain his lieutenant with unrestricted power. In his commission to Champlain, Soissons styles himself “lieutenant general of New France,” but he died soon after issuing it.[7]

Family

As the youngest son of a cadet branch of the royal dynasty, Louis could not expect a large patrimony, but was allotted the countship of Soissons from among the Bourbon estates inherited from his paternal great-grandmother, Marie de Luxembourg.[citation needed] He also obtained the countship of Dreux and the seigneuries of Châtel-Chinon, Noyers, Baugé, and Blandy. In 1601 Charles wed Anne de Montafié (1577–1644)[8] who, although not of royal blood, brought to the Bourbon-Soissons her father's countship of Montafié in Piedmont, as well as her mother's seigneuries of Bonnétable and Lucé. Of their five children, three survived childhood:

Charles's illegitimate daughters by Anne Marie Bohier, daughter of Antoine, seigneur de la Rochebourdet:

  • Charlotte, bâtarde de Soissons (d.1626), became abbess of Fontevrault[9]
  • Catherine, bâtarde de Soissons (d.1651), became abbess of Perrigne in Maine[9]

Charles de Soissons died at Blandy 1 November 1612, of puerperal fever (¿???) according to Père Anselme, and was buried in the Soissons' family tomb in the charterhouse of Gaillon, where his wife and son would also be buried[10] (The Chartreuse de Bourbon-lèz-Gaillon, built in 1562 one km from the Château de Gaillon by Charles, Cardinal de Bourbon, who was buried there, was sold during the French Revolution and demolished in 1834).[11]

References

  1. ^ Love 2001, p. 206.
  2. ^ de Champlain 2010, p. 194.
  3. ^ a b May & Bryson 2016, p. 116.
  4. ^ Couchman 2006, p. 68.
  5. ^ a b Père Anselme (1726). "Ducs de Bourbon: Comtes de Soissons". Histoire Genealogique et Chronologique de la Maison Royale de France (in French). Paris: Compagnie des Libraires. p. 350.
  6. ^ Spanheim, Ézéchiel (1973). Emile Bourgeois (ed.). Relation de la Cour de France. le Temps retrouvé (in French). Paris: Mercure de France. pp. 323, 107–108.
  7. ^ Wilson, J. G.; Fiske, J., eds. (1900). "Soissons, Charles de Bourbon, Count de" . Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography. New York: D. Appleton.
  8. ^ a b c d Pitts 2000, p. 271.
  9. ^ a b Vrignault 1965, p. 119.
  10. ^ Père Anselme (1726). "Ducs de Bourbon: Comtes de Soissons". Histoire Genealogique et Chronologique de la Maison Royale de France (in French). Paris: Compagnie des Libraires. pp. 350–352.
  11. ^ "La Chartreuse de Bourbon-lèz-Gaillon". Le Mercure de Gaillon. Retrieved 2008-04-03.

Sources

  • de Champlain, Samuel (2010). Heidenreich, Conrad E.; Ritch, K. Janet (eds.). Samuel de Champlain Before 1604: Des Sauvages and Other Documents Related to. McGill-Queen's University Press.
  • Couchman, Jane (2006). "Resisting Henri IV: Catherine de Bourbon and her Brother". In Miller, Naomi J.; Yavneh, Naomi (eds.). Sibling Relations and Gender in the Early Modern World: Sisters, Brothers. Ashgate Publishing.
  • Love, Ronald S. (2001). Blood and religion. McGill's Queens University Press.
  • May, Steven W.; Bryson, Alan (2016). Verse Libel in Renaissance England and Scotland. Oxford University Press.
  • Pitts, Vincent Joseph (2000). La Grande Mademoiselle at the Court of France: 1627-1693. The Johns Hopkins University Press.
  • Vrignault, Henri (1965). Légitimés de France de la maison de Bourbon de 1594 à 1820 (in French). chez l'auteur.
Government offices
Preceded by Lieutenant General of New France
1611-1612 		Succeeded by
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