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Aryan Brotherhood of Texas

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Aryan Brotherhood of Texas
Aryan Brotherhood of Texas Patch
Founding locationEastham Unit, Texas Prison System
Texas, United States
Years active1984–present
TerritoryTexas Prison System
New Mexico Prison System
Oklahoma Prison System
EthnicityWhite
Membership (est.)3,000
Criminal activitiesMurder, assault, drug trafficking, extortion, racketeering, arms trafficking, dog fighting
RivalsAryan Circle[1]

The Aryan Brotherhood of Texas (ABT) is an American white supremacist, Neo-Nazi prison gang. According to the Anti-Defamation League and the Southern Poverty Law Center, the Aryan Brotherhood of Texas is one of the largest and most violent neo-Nazi white supremacist prison gangs and organized criminal enterprises in the United States, responsible for numerous murders and other violent crimes.[2]

Despite the similarity in their names, the Aryan Brotherhood of Texas is not affiliated with the Aryan Brotherhood, the notorious prison gang and crime syndicate founded in California in the 1960s with branches in the federal and state prison systems and outside prison walls.[3] In the 1980s, when the original Aryan Brotherhood was formed in San Quentin, a group of Texas inmates asked for permission to start a chapter in Texas, though the Aryan Brotherhood denied their request but the Texas inmates formed it anyway.[4] The ABT was nonetheless established in the 1980s, following the desegregation of Texas prisons and the dismantling of the "Building Tender",[5] or Trusty system, a system in which prison officials used other inmates to help maintain order in the prisons. These major and more or less simultaneous changes created an atmosphere of uncertainty and a lack of control that proved fertile breeding grounds for black, Hispanic and white race-based prison gangs. These gangs soon became the top predators in the Texas prison system.

The various white gangs, with names like the Aryan Society and the Aryan Brothers, mostly adopted a relatively crude white supremacist ideology. In the early to mid-1980s, most of the members of these two gangs united to become the Aryan Brotherhood of Texas, while others left out of the merger later helped form the rival Aryan Circle prison gang. From its beginning, the ABT emerged as one of the most violent gangs in the Texas Department of Criminal Justice, committing 13 murders in 1984–85 alone.[6]

History

In March 1985, prospect Virgil Barfield carried out an Aryan Brotherhood of Texas order to kill Calvin Massey. Barfield stabbed Massey 42 times. The violent attack was caught on camera. The video clip helped prosecutors convict Barfield for the murder of Massey. Virgil Barfield was sentenced to life in prison.[7]

The ABT's first war was with the black gang Mandingo Warriors, who were beaten to the point of near extermination within the prison system. The Aryan Circle was the next major war, which lasted roughly 8 years (1986 -1994). The ABT would take their focus off of A.C. for short periods of time to deal with lesser but still deadly threats, and this gave A.C. time to regroup. The ABT was in a state of war with multiple gangs who saw an opportunity to try to take them on while they were being weakened during those 8 years. Still, none has ever won a war against them, though the Mexican Mafia and Aryan Circle came away with "peace treaties" from them in the early 1990s. Texas Mafia was "parked" system wide, meaning they were no longer allowed to recruit members, after the ABT/TM wars in 1995/1996. Then A.C. murdered a member of ABT in 1998 on McConnell Unit. War raged until 2009. Then, yet again, war would come to these two families, starting in 2015 and still going.

In 2001, ABT member Mark Anthony Stroman received the death penalty for his killing spree on Middle Eastern people. He claimed it was in retaliation for the September 11 terrorist attacks. However all three of his targets were of South Asian descent.[8][9][10]

On September 21, 2006, former members of the ABT were charged with the death of a young woman named Breanna Taylor. According to investigations conducted by the authorities, Taylor was tortured, sexually assaulted, and murdered by ex- ABT gang members. After she was killed, they poured acid on her body, and then put her body in a tub, poured cement on it and dumped it into a river. Dale Jameton pleaded guilty and received a life sentence, and Jennifer McClellan was sentenced to 20 years in prison.[11][12][13]

In 2012, Terry Sillers, a former General in the ABT family, was arrested after leading police on a wild motorcycle chase near Fort Worth. In exchange for cooperating with authorities against a gang that he says betrayed him, he was sentenced to 10 years in federal prison.[14][15]

Ranking structure

The Aryan Brotherhood of Texas is run by five Generals, collectively known as the "Steering Committee", or "The Wheel". Each General is given control over a region of Texas, each region having a number of prisons within the Texas Department of Criminal Justice, as well as all of the counties that comprises the region. Each General has 2 Majors, one "Inside Major" and one "Outside Major". The Inside Major (who is in prison, and therefore knows the intricacies of relationships between the gangs on his units, which makes him better suited to make decisions for those units as a whole) oversees family business on the units in his region. The Outside Major does the same for the cities in his region. Both Majors report to their General, who uses the information to keep his region running smoothly. Each prison unit with members is assigned a unit Captain, who in turn assigns a Lieutenant. The Lieutenant is the lowest permanent rank within the ABT, though on larger units and in bigger cities, the Lieutenant may appoint Sergeants to assist him in the day-to-day affairs of the family.[16]

During the mid 1990s, in an effort to free the members of the ABT from Administrative Segregation, the gang changed its name to "Texas Aryan Brotherhood - Church of Aryan Christian Heritage" (TAB-COACH). The belief being that in so doing it could reinvent itself as a religious organization and receive a 501 (c) 3 tax exemption status from the Federal Government. This attempt was orchestrated by Riley Ray Fultz and Bobby Adams who also named themselves the President and Vice-President of the organization.

Prospects

The Prospect, or prospective member is someone under the protection of the ABT, responsible for following any/all direct orders given by an active member, who is being considered for membership into the organization. While they technically do not have a voice in the organization, they are nevertheless treated with the same respect as active members by outsiders.[17]

Typically, whenever there is "dirty work" to be done, such as an assault or murder, more often than not, prospects are used. When the prospect is utilized in such a way, it is often referred to as "earning one's bones".[18]

See also

References

  1. ^ "The Aryan Circle: Crime in the Name of Hate" (PDF). Anti-Defamation League. December 2009. pp. 9–10. Retrieved 1 April 2018.
  2. ^ "The Aryan Brotherhood of Texas". adl.org. Anti Defamation League. Retrieved 7 August 2014.
  3. ^ Holly Yan and Deborah Feyerick. "Explainer: What is the Aryan Brotherhood of Texas?". www.cnn.com. CNN. Retrieved 4 August 2014.
  4. ^ "Texas Gangs". archive.org. Retrieved 7 August 2014.
  5. ^ "TDCJ Building Tenders". prisonoffenders.com. Prison Offenders. Archived from the original on 10 August 2014. Retrieved 7 August 2014.
  6. ^ "The Aryan Brotherhood of Texas: Gang Violence and White Supremacy". adl.org. Anti-Defamation League. Retrieved 4 August 2014.
  7. ^ "Prison Guards will Shoot" (PDF). texasjustice.org. Retrieved 11 March 2015.
  8. ^ "Texas Man Executed for Killing Middle Eastern Store Clerk". foxnews.com. Retrieved 11 March 2015.
  9. ^ "Texas Prosecutor 'Involved' in Aryan Brotherhood Investigation is Slain". www.splcenter.org. Retrieved 18 March 2015.
  10. ^ Texas executes 9/11 'revenge' killer publish by theguardian.com
  11. ^ "Still an Aryan Blood Brother". dallasobserver.com. Retrieved 18 March 2015.
  12. ^ "For Love, Aryan Brotherhood Killer Confesses". dallasobserver.com. Retrieved 18 March 2015.
  13. ^ "Texas Aryan Brotherhood Members Charged with Capital Murder". adl.org. Retrieved 18 March 2015.
  14. ^ Terry "Lil Wood" Sillers police chase published on January 4, 2015
  15. ^ "Tattoos on fists spell possible reason for man exposing Aryan Brotherhood gang". Dane Schiller. Retrieved 18 March 2015.
  16. ^ "The Aryan Brotherhood of Texas: Gang Violence and White Supremacy". adl.org. Anti-Defamation League. Retrieved 4 August 2014.
  17. ^ "The Aryan Brotherhood of Texas". ADL.org. Retrieved 6 May 2015.
  18. ^ "Being a Brother, Intelligence Report, Fall 2005, Issue Number: 119". www.splcenter.org. Southern Poverty Law Center. Retrieved 4 August 2014.
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