Paralaoma servilis

Paralaoma servilis
	shell] of Paralaoma servilis (specimen at MNHN, Paris)
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Mollusca
Class:	Gastropoda
(unranked):	clade Heterobranchia; clade Euthyneura; clade Panpulmonata; clade Eupulmonata; clade Stylommatophora; informal group Sigmurethra
Superfamily:	Punctoidea
Family:	Punctidae
Genus:	Paralaoma
Species:	P. servilis
Binomial name
	Paralaoma servilis; (Shuttleworth, 1852)
Synonyms
	Helix (Discus) derelicta Legrand, 1871 (junior synonym); Helix (Helicella) pusilla R. T. Lowe, 1831 (name preoccupied; non Helix pusilla Vallot, 1801); Helix (Patula) cryophila E. von Martens, 1865 (junior synonym); Helix (Patula) stellata Brazier, 1871 (junior synonym); Helix arenicola Tate, 1878 (unavailable: not Helix arenicola Lowe, Lowe, 1854); Helix caputspinulae Reeve, 1852 (junior synonym); Helix discors Petterd, 1902 (junior synonym); Helix epsilon L. Pfeiffer, 1853; Helix hobarti Cox, 1868 (junior synonym); Helix morti Cox, 1864 (junior synonym); Helix mucoides Tenison Woods, 1879 (junior synonym); Helix paradoxa Cox, 1864 (junior synonym); Helix salaziensis G. Nevill, 1870 (junior synonym); Helix servilis Shuttleworth, 1852 (original combination); Helix similis Cox, 1868 (junior synonym); Helix sitiens Legrand, 1871 (junior synonym); Helix tenuicostata L. Pfeiffer, 1846 (junior synonym); Hyalina conspecta Bland, 1865; Microphysa pumila Hutton, 1882; Paralaoma caputspinulae (Reeve, 1852) (junior synonym); Paralaoma decresensis Iredale, 1937 (junior synonym); Paralaoma duncombei Iredale, 1945 (junior synonym); Paralaoma pumila (Hutton, 1882); Paralaoma raoulensis'' Iredale, 1913 (junior synonym); Paralaoma royi Iredale, 1944 (junior synonym); Paralaoma stabilis Iredale, 1937 (junior synonym); Paraloma servilis (Shuttleworth, 1852) (incorrect spelling of generic name); Patula lederi O. Boettger, 1880 (junior synonym); Pleuropunctum micropleuros; Punctum conspectum (Bland, 1865) (junior synonym); Punctum conspectum alleni Pilsbry in Pilsbry & Ferriss, 1919; Punctum conspectum var. pasadenae Pilsbry, 1896 (junior synonym); Punctum cryophilum (E. von Martens, 1865); Punctum lederi (O. Boettger, 1880) (invalid combination); Punctum lederi var. meridionalis O. Boettger, 1905 (junior synonym); Radiodiscus misiollemis Hylton Scott, 1957 (junior synonym); Radiodiscus misionensis Hylton Scott, 1957; Radiodiscus pilsbryi Hylton Scott, 1957; Subfectola caputspinulae (Reeve, 1852) (junior synonym); Tachyphasis (Tachyphasis) salaziensis (Nevill, 1870); Toltecia pusilla (Lowe, 1831); Zonites diegoensis Hemphill in W. G. Binney, 1892;

Paralaoma servilis is a species of very small air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk or micromollusk in the family Punctidae, the dot snails. ^[1]

Distribution

The native range for this species is thought to be New Zealand. However, the species is known to occur worldwide in numerous countries and islands outside of its native range, including:

References

^ MolluscaBase eds. (2021). MolluscaBase. Paralaoma servilis (Shuttleworth, 1852). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=821366 on 2021-12-07
^ ^a ^b ^c Wronski T. & Hausdorf B. (2010). "Diversity and body-size patterns of land snails in rain forests in Uganda". Journal of Molluscan Studies 76(1): 87-100. doi:10.1093/mollus/eyp048.

Van den Neucker T. & Ronsmans J. (2015). The globally invasive Paralaoma servilis (Gastropoda: Punctidae) reported for the first time in Belgium. Journal of Conchology 42(1):95-96. PDF
Martens, E. von. (1865). Uebersicht der Land-und Süsswasser-Mollusken des Nil-Gebietes. Malakozoologische Blätter. 12 (4): 177-192; 12 (5): 192-207
Spencer, H.G., Marshall, B.A. & Willan, R.C. (2009). Checklist of New Zealand living Mollusca. Pp 196-219. in: Gordon, D.P. (ed.) New Zealand inventory of biodiversity. Volume one. Kingdom Animalia: Radiata, Lophotrochozoa, Deuterostomia. Canterbury University Press,
Neubert, E. (1998). Annotated checklist of the terrestrial and freshwater molluscs of the Arabian Peninsula with descriptions of new species. Fauna of Arabia. 17: 333-461.
Rosenberg, G. & Muratov, I. V. (2006). Status report on the terrestrial Mollusca of Jamaica. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. 155: 117-161; Erratum: 156: 401 (2007).
Hausdorf, B. (2002). Introduced Land Snails and Slugs in Colombia. Journal of Molluscan Studies, 68 (2): 127-131.
Bruggen, A. C. van. (2007). Terrestrial molluscs recorded from Mt. Mulanje, Malaŵi. Nyala. 24: 17–37
Brook, F.J. & Ablett, J.D. (2019). Type material of land snails (Mollusca: Gastropoda) described from New Zealand by taxonomists in Europe and North America between 1830 and 1934, and the history of research on the New Zealand land snail fauna from 1824 to 1917. Zootaxa. 4697: 1-117.

External links

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[WoRMS-1] MolluscaBase eds. (2021). MolluscaBase. Paralaoma servilis (Shuttleworth, 1852). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=821366 on 2021-12-07

[Wronski_2010-2] Wronski T. & Hausdorf B. (2010). "Diversity and body-size patterns of land snails in rain forests in Uganda". Journal of Molluscan Studies 76(1): 87-100. doi:10.1093/mollus/eyp048.

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