Eye strain
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| Eye strain | |
|---|---|
| Other names | Asthenopia, aesthenopia |
| Specialty | Ophthalmology |
Eye strain, also known as asthenopia (from Greek a-sthen-opia, Template:Lang-grc, transl. weak-eye-condition), is an eye condition that manifests through non-specific symptoms such as fatigue, pain in or around the eyes, blurred vision, headache, and occasional double vision. Symptoms often occur after long-term use of computers, digital devices, reading or other activities that involve extended visual tasks[1] which are broadly classified into external and internal symptom factors.[2]
When concentrating on a visually intense task, such as continuously focusing on a book or computer monitor, the ciliary muscles and the extraocular muscles are strained. This causes discomfort, soreness or pain on the eyeballs. Closing the eyes for ten minutes and relaxing the muscles of the face and neck at least once an hour usually relieves the problem.
A page or photograph with the same image twice, but slightly displaced (from a printing mishap, a camera moving during the shot, etc.) can cause eye strain due to the brain misinterpreting the image fault as diplopia and trying in vain to adjust the sideways movements of the two eyeballs to fuse the two images into one.
Eye strain can also happen when viewing a blurred image (including images deliberately partly blurred for censorship), due to the ciliary muscle tightening trying in vain to focus the blurring out.
Symptoms
- blurred vision
- difficulty in refocusing
- dry eyes
- eye discomfort
- headaches
- irritated or burning eyes
- sensitivity to bright lights
- tired eyes
- sore eyes[3][4]
Therapy
Known methods of relieving strain of the ocular muscles are taking periodic breaks by closing the eyes,[5] obtaining good sleep, and proper nutrition.[6]
See also
- Astigmatism
- Computer vision syndrome
- Eye examination
- Ocular neurosis
- Photophobia
- Vision therapy
- Visual looming syndrome
References
- ^ FT, Vaz; SP, Henriques; DS, Silva; J, Roque; AS, Lopes; M, Mota (April 2019). "Digital Asthenopia: Portuguese Group of Ergophthalmology Survey". Acta Med Port. 32 (4): 260–265. doi:10.20344/amp.10942. hdl:10400.10/2236. PMID 31067419. S2CID 148571110.
- ^ JE, Sheedy; JN, Hayes; J, Engle (November 2003). "Is all asthenopia the same?". Optom Vis Sci. 80 (11): 732–739. doi:10.1097/00006324-200311000-00008. PMID 14627938. S2CID 16299425.
- ^ B, Antona; AR, Barrio; A, Gascó; A, Pinar; M, González-Pérez; MC, Puell (April 2018). "Symptoms associated with reading from a smartphone in conditions of light and dark". Applied Ergonomics. 68: 12–17. doi:10.1016/j.apergo.2017.10.014. PMID 29409625.
- ^ S, Jaiswal; L, Asper; J, Long; A, Lee; K, Harrison; B, Golebiowski (September 2019). "Ocular and visual discomfort associated with smartphones, tablets and computers: what we do and do not know". Clinical & Experimental Optometry. 102 (5): 463–477. doi:10.1111/cxo.12851. PMID 30663136. S2CID 58558016.
- ^ S, Lertwisuttipaiboon; T, Pumpaibool; KJ, Neeser; N, Kasetsuwan (May 2017). "Effectiveness of a participatory eye care program in reducing eye strain among staff computer users in Thailand". Risk Manag Healthc Policy. 10: 71–80. doi:10.2147/RMHP.S134940. PMC 5436759. PMID 28546777.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link) - ^ CC, Han; R, Liu; RR, Liu; ZH, Zhu; RB, Yu; L, Ma (18 October 2013). "Prevalence of asthenopia and its risk factors in Chinese college students". Int J Ophthalmol. 6 (5): 718–722. doi:10.3980/j.issn.2222-3959. PMC 3808927. PMID 24195055.
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