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Damiyah Bridge

Coordinates: 32°06′10″N 35°32′07″E / 32.10278°N 35.53528°E / 32.10278; 35.53528
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Jisr ed-Damiye
Coordinates32°06′10″N 35°32′07″E / 32.10278°N 35.53528°E / 32.10278; 35.53528
CrossesJordan River
LocalePalestinian territories and Jordan
Official nameJisr ed-Damiye
Characteristics
DesignArch
History
OpenedRoman period[citation needed]
Location
Map

Jisr ed-Damiye (Arabic: جسر الدامية, romanized: Jisr ed-Damieh, lit. 'Bridge of ed-Damieh'),[1] known in English as Damiyah Bridge,[2] as Prince Muhammad Bridge in Jordan, and as Gesher Adam (Hebrew: גשר אדם, lit. 'Adam Bridge') in Israel, stretches over the Jordan River between the Palestinian territories and the Balqa Governorate of Jordan.[3]

In 1918, during the Sinai and Palestine Campaign of the First World War, it was captured by Imperial British forces. At the time it was used as part of the Nablus – Es Salt[4][clarification needed] – Amman road. After 1991 it was used only for goods transported by truck between Israel, the West Bank and Jordan until its closure for security reasons sometime between 2002 and 2005 during the Second Intifada.[5] As of 2014, the Israeli side is part of a closed military area.

Etymology

The Hebrew Bible mentions a town called Adam near Zaretan in the Jordan Valley (Joshua 3:16).

Most scholars identify nearby Tall Damiyah, called by some Tel Adam in Modern Hebrew, with the historical and biblical city of Adama,[6] with Albright offering the theory that Adama/Admah and Adam are one and the same.[7]

The Arabic name is spelled variously as Damiye, Damieh, Damia, etc., with or without the definitive article (spelled either al-, el-, ad-, ed-).

History

1849 William F. Lynch map of the Jordan River showing Jisr ed Damiye ("Old Roman Bridge") as well as Jisr el-Majami.
1940s Survey of Palestine map of the bridge
German military truck crossing the bridge in March 1917

The site was used as a crossing between the west and east banks of the Jordan due to good access in both directions over the Far'a[8]/Tirzah Valley to the west and the Zarqa/Yabbok Valley to the east.

In 1849, William F. Lynch described the ruins of the old bridge as "a Roman bridge spanning a dry bed, once, perhaps, the main channel of the Jordan, now diverted in its course. The bridge was of Roman construction, with one arch entire, except a longitudinal fissure on the top, and the ruins of two others, one of them at right angles with the main arch, probably for a mill-sluice. The span of the main arch was fifteen feet; the height, from the bed of the stream to the keystone, twenty feet."[9]

Still visible are ruins of several consecutive bridges:[10] the stone bridge built by the Mamluk sultan Baibars in the 13th century, blown up by Haganah forces during Operation Markolet (known as the Night of the bridges) on the night of 16–17 June 1946; a British bridge built soon after, and a Jordanian one from the 1950s, both destroyed by the Israeli army during the 6-Day War of 1967. Right after the war, in August 1967, Israeli Minister of Defense Moshe Dayan allowed the uncontrolled traffic of goods between the Palestinians and Jordan using the ford of Damiya, as a way of avoiding the economic collapse of the West Bank and for avoiding Palestinian discontent, since the Israeli markets were not open yet to Palestinian produce. This was an element of what became known as the "policy of the open bridges".[11]

In January 1968 Jordan built a prefabricated metal bridge to facilitate the trade connections to the West Bank. The bridge was open to both goods and people, but fighting due to the 1967–1970 War of Attrition led to the 1968 Battle of Karameh during which the bridge was damaged by Jordanian artillery who tried to prevent Israeli armour from passing. In 1969 the Jordanians blew up parts of this bridge,[12] but it was repaired at some later point. During the Black September events in 1970, the bridge was again closed for several days during the fighting between the Palestinians and the Jordanian army. The Jordanians repaired the bridge in early 1975 after it had been damaged by floods, and performed some amendments in 1976.[13] The Jordanian metal bridge still stands but is currently out of use. In 2014 the Palestinian authorities were negotiating with Jordan the possibilities of reopening traffic between the two sides.[14]

See also

References

  1. ^ Stewardson, Henry C. (compiler) (1888). The Survey of Western Palestine: A General Index. London: Harrison & Sons for the Palestine Exploration Fund. p. 98. Retrieved 27 January 2015.
  2. ^ "Chronology August 16, 1968-November 15, 1968" (PDF). Middle East Journal. 23 (1 (Winter, 1969)). Middle East Institute: 63-80 [65]. 1969. JSTOR 4324395. Retrieved 19 August 2022 – via Stanford U. website.
  3. ^ "Where is Jisr ed Damiye, Jordan?". geotargit.com. Retrieved 27 January 2015.
  4. ^ "New Zealand Mounted Rifles Brigade Headquarters War Diary". First World War Diaries AWM4, 35-1-41. Canberra: Australian War Memorial. September 1918. Archived from the original on 2012-04-19. Retrieved 2022-08-19.
  5. ^ "PA, Jordan working to reopen bridge Israel closed in 2005". Ma'an News Agency. 2014-02-13. Archived from the original on 2014-11-02. Retrieved 2014-11-02.
  6. ^ Petit, Lucas; Kafafi, Zeidan (2016-03-01). "Beyond the River Jordan: A Late Iron Age Sanctuary at Tell Damiyah". Near Eastern Archaeology. 79 (1): 18–26. doi:10.5615/neareastarch.79.1.0018. ISSN 1094-2076.
  7. ^ Albright, W. F. "The Expedition of Xenia Theological Seminary and the American Schools". BASOR 14 (1924): 1–12
  8. ^ "The Wadi el-Far'a & Our Research Area". Calvin College, Grand Rapids, Michigan. Archived from the original on 2016-06-09. Retrieved 2014-11-02.
  9. ^ Lynch, W. F. (1856). Narrative of the United States' Expedition to the River Jordan and the Dead Sea. Philadelphia: Blanchard and Lea. p. 249. Retrieved 19 August 2022.
  10. ^ "Adam Bridge". BibleWalks.com. 14 March 2011. Retrieved 2014-11-02.
  11. ^ "The Jordan Bridges". Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs. 1994-02-01. Retrieved 2014-11-02.
  12. ^ "Jordanians Blow Up Part of Damiya Bridge, 1 of 3 West Bank Links with Their State". Jewish Telegraphic Agency. 1969-01-08. Retrieved 2014-11-02.
  13. ^ "1967 Israel Original old photograph, The Damia Bridge explosion; uses Hebrew Wikipedia information passed through Google Translate". eBay. 2014-11-02. Retrieved 2014-11-02.
  14. ^ "PA, Jordan working to reopen bridge Israel closed in 2005". Ma'an News Agency. 2014-02-13. Archived from the original on 2014-11-02. Retrieved 2014-11-02.
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