O Jin-u
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O Jin-u (Korean: 오진우; March 8, 1917 – February 25, 1995) was a North Korean general and politician. He served with Kim Il Sung's partisan unit and eventually rose through the ranks of the North Korean Army. He distinguished himself during the Korean War and was a trusted adviser of Kim Il Sung until his death, also being his chief guard in 1945. Thanks to his relationship with Kim Il Sung, O Jin-u was able to enjoy wealth and fame, this lasted even under Kim Jong Il. He was the Minister of Armed Forces from May 1976 until his death in February 1995. O was considered the third-most powerful person in North Korea, after Kim Il Sung and his son Kim Jong Il, therefore making him the most powerful person that possessed no blood relations to the Kim family. He was considered by many as a hardliner and advocated strongly for North Korea's nuclear program.
Career
Born into a poor peasant family in Bukcheong, South Gyeongsang Province, O moved to Manchuria in 1933 and participated in anti-Japanese activity. During his partisan activities, he joined with Kim Il Sung to serve as a military officer in the Northeast Anti-Japanese Army in 1938. In 1933, during the Japanese colonial period, he participated in Kim Il Sung's anti-Japanese guerrillas and was mainly active in the Dongman region and East Man region and after the Japanese army's subjugation activities against the anti-Japanese armed groups intensified, he evacuated to the Soviet Union with Kim Il Sung and enlisted in the Soviet Army to serve as a non-commissioned officer. Then, on September 19, 1945, he returned to Wonsan Port with Kim Il Sung as a member of Kim Il Sung's 88th International Brigade Chosun Operation Group. At the time of entry, Kim Il Sung still went by 'Kim Seong-Ju'. Returning to North Korea, O Jin-u was appointed as the head of the Pyongyang Police Station, starting with the head of the Supreme Command's escort bureau, and then in September 1946, he became the military vice-president of the Central Security Officer School. In February 1948, he joined the recently established Korean People's Army and served as the chief of staff of a brigade. In 1949, he served as the principal of the military school. O Jin-u was one of the founders of the North Korean Army, helping set up the groundwork for the service.
After the Korean War broke out, he became the Commander of the 43rd Division (North Korea). He led the 766th Independent Infantry Regiment in the attack against the Busan Ring Defensive Circle. After the war, he was the commanding general of the 3rd Division (North Korea) and in 1958, he was awarded the Order of the National Flag. He had a close relationship with Kim Jong Il in, starting at his birth, in where O treated him like his own son. O rose rapidly through military ranks: he was promoted to the Ministry of the People's Armed Forces in 1976 after serving as the head of the 3rd Military Academy in Hoeryong, the division commander, the corps commander, the group commander, the general staff of the People's Army, and the vice-minister of the National Security Agency. He was appointed chief of staff of the Korean People's Air Force in 1958, vice-minister of the Ministry of People's Security in 1962, General in 1963, director of the KPA General Political Bureau in 1967 and Chief of the General Staff in 1968. This concurred with his ascent to the top leadership of the Workers' Party of Korea, becoming a Central Committee member in 1954, a Political Committee (former name of the Politburo) member in 1966, a Secretariat member in 1968 and a Presidium member in 1977.
As the Head of the Korean People's Army, O Jin-u is seen as the main perpetrator of both the Korean axe murder incident and the Rangoon bombing as both were committed by the military. During his rise, he greatly helped Kim Il Sung in his purges of the military. In the beginning, he was more favorable to Kim Jong Il's half-brother, Kim Pyong-il because he is regarded as more capable than Kim Jong Il who had no military experience even though he helped raise Kim Jong Il while serving as a chief guard. From his anti-Japanese partisan viewpoint, Kim Jong Il did not look like an orthodox communist. O Jin-u, being the most powerful figure of the Korean People's Army who commanded the army with the absolute trust of Kim Il Sung, Kim Jong Il who regards O as a formidable opponent to have, begins to convince O Jin-u, who was trusted by his father, rather than eliminate him, and eventually, he turned O Jin-u into a supporter of Kim Jong Il. This change was seen as the main reason why Kim Pyong-il was dropped as a successor. After that, O Jin-u played a leading role in establishing Kim Jong Il as the successor. Becoming extremely close to Kim Il Sung, he is credited among the top officials who "proposed" Kim Jong Il to be Kim Il Sung's heir at a Central Committee plenum in 1974. and helped him take control of the military[1] O championed Kim Jong Il's cause, particularly within the military.[2]
A deputy to the Supreme People's Assembly since 1960, O was appointed member of the top Central People’s Committee immediately after its establishment in 1972, as well as vice-chairman of the National Defence Commission and Minister of the People's Armed Forces in 1976. He was also promoted to Vice Marshal in 1985 and Marshal in 1992, one of only three military officers in the North Korean Armed Forces to be granted the rank.
After Kim Jong Il was made Chairman of the National Defence Commission in 1993, O replaced him as its first vice-chairman. In 1990, after the collapse of the socialist bloc, he led the emergency system. He also was the second-ranking member of the Kim Il-sung funeral committee in 1994, immediately beneath Kim Jong Il. He was also the last surviving WPK Presidium member along with the new leader.
According to the testimony of film director Shin Sang-ok, who was abducted from North Korea, "O Jin-u once said that if he was drunk, he would wipe out Busan in a week if the general commanded him. Lunch in Daejeon, dinner in Busan... "
In January 2017, it was reported that his three sons, O Il-hun, O Il-jong and O Il-su had been "purged" by Kim Jong Un.[3] No official reason was given for why they were purged; however, it is believed that Kim Jong Un viewed their relation to O as a possible threat to his rule of the DPRK.[3] Considering how revered O was in the DPRK (still having the title of "Revolutionary Martyr"), the incident shocked observers, as respected officials' relatives tended to be well taken care of.[3] However, in contradiction to this report, in 2021, O Il-jong was elected as a member of the Politburo of the Workers' Party of Korea.
Illness and death
O Jin-u, who had been victorious in the North Korean regime, suffered a worsening case of lung cancer, and his frequency of public appearances decreased significantly during this time. He went to France to receive treatment under Kim Jong Il's special consideration, but he did not show any signs of recovery and finally died in February 1995 while fighting the disease in Pyongyang, a year after Kim Il Sung.[4] Since O was a major supporter for Kim Jong Il's succession, which had not been fully realized at the time of his death, the event was seen as a setback for Kim.[2] After O's death, Kim Jong Il left the minister's position vacant for more than seven months before naming a new minister, Choi Kwang. O Jin-u is deeply imprinted with a warlike appearance, and the first person that comes to mind when many people think of the North Korean People's Army is O Jin-u.
A funeral committee of 240 members was appointed for O.[5] It included:[6]
Awards and honors
A frame with O's awards and honors was displayed during his funeral, showing all the decorations he had received.[7]
Hero of the Republic, twice
Order of Kim Il Sung, three times
Order of the National Flag First Class, thirteen times
Order of Freedom and Independence First Class, seven times
Order of Korean Labour, four times
Commemorative Order "Foundation of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea"
Commemorative Order "Anniversary of the Foundation of the People's Army"
Order of Military Service Honour First Class
Commemorative Order "30th Anniversary of the Agricultural Presentation"
Order of the National Flag Second Class, three times
Order of Freedom and Independence Second Class, twice
Order of the National Flag Third Class, twice
Commemorative Order "Capital Construction"
Commemorative Order "60th Anniversary of the People's Army"
Commemorative Order "40th Anniversary of Fatherland Liberation War Victory"
Commemorative Medal "Fatherland Liberation"
Commemorative Medal "The Foundation of the People's Republic of Korea", twice
Medal For Military Merit
Medal of Military Service Honour
Works
- Kim Il; Choe Hyon; Pak Sung-chul; O Jin-u; et al. (1982). Twenty-year-long Anti-Japanese Revolution Under the Red Sunrays: September 1931 – February 1936. Vol. 2. Pyongyang: Foreign Languages Publishing House. OCLC 914716941.
- O Jin-u (1970). "Speech by Chief of General Staff Oh Jin Woo [Speeches at the Pyongyang mass rally 'in support of the Chinese people's struggle against U.S. imperialism and for the liberation of Taiwan' (June 27, 1970)]". People of Asia: Unite and Drive the U.S. Agressors Out of Asia!. Peking: Foreign Languages Press. pp. 95–114. OCLC 204899.
- — (1974). "Once All the People Are Armed, They Can Drive Back Any Enemy". Establishing the People's Revolutionary Government: A Genuine People's Power. Pyongyang: Foreign Languages Publishing House. OCLC 441622192.
- — (1975). "The Gun Report that Rumbled in North Manchuria". Victory at Laoheishan. Pyongyang: Foreign Languages Publishing House. pp. 13–22. OCLC 449795434.
- — (1977). "On an Expedition to North Manchuria". Taking a Machine Gun Himself. Pyongyang: Foreign Languages Publishing House. OCLC 6423895.
References
- ^ Kim Jong Il. Short Biography.
- ^ a b The Europa World Year. Vol. II: Kazakhstan - Zimbabwe (45th ed.). London: Europa Publications. 2004. p. 2462. ISBN 978-1-85743-255-8.
- ^ a b c "Jong-un purges three sons of revered O Jin-u". 24 January 2017.
- ^ WuDunn, Sheryl (February 25, 1995). "Oh Jin-Woo, the Defense Minister of North Korea, is Dead at 77". The New York Times. Retrieved 2008-02-03.
- ^ Country Report: South Korea, North Korea (PDF). London: The Economist Intelligence Unit. 1997. p. 46. ISSN 1350-6900.
- ^ Gause, Ken E. (2006). North Korean Civil-Military Trends: Military-First Politics to a Point (PDF). Washington: Strategic Studies Institute. Figure 1. ISBN 1-58487-257-8. Archived from the original (PDF) on 13 February 2019.
- ^ North Korean TV State funeral of O Jin-u | February 1995 (KCTV), retrieved 2023-01-09
Sources
- Martin, Bradly K. (2004). Under the Loving Care of the Fatherly Leader: A History of North Korea and the Kim Dynasty. New York: Thomas Dunne. pp. 61–62. ISBN 0-312-32221-6.
External links
- "O Jin U". Private Institute for Korean Studies in Japan. Archived from the original on December 18, 2005. Retrieved 2008-02-03.
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- North Korean military personnel
- North Korean military personnel of the Korean War
- Marshals
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- 1917 births
- 1995 deaths
- Korean revolutionaries
- Government ministers of North Korea
- Deaths from lung cancer
- Defence ministers of North Korea
- Members of the 5th Political Committee of the Workers' Party of Korea
- Members of the 6th Presidium of the Workers' Party of Korea
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- Members of the 4th Central Committee of the Workers' Party of Korea
- International Lenin School alumni
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- People of 88th Separate Rifle Brigade