Thomas Jenkins Semmes

Thomas Jenkins Semmes
Confederate States Senator from Louisiana
In office February 18, 1862 – May 10, 1865
Preceded by	Constituency established
Succeeded by	Constituency abolished
Attorney General of Louisiana
In office 1860–1864
Preceded by	Warren Moise
Succeeded by	Flavillus Goode
Personal details
Born	(1824-12-16)December 16, 1824 Washington, D.C., U.S.
Died	June 23, 1899(1899-06-23) (aged 74) New Orleans, Louisiana, U.S.
Political party	Democratic

Thomas Jenkins Semmes (December 16, 1824 – June 23, 1899) was an American politician who served as a Confederate States Senator from Louisiana from 1862 to 1865. He was once described as "the most distinguished statesman and brilliant lawyer of the south." He was the 9th president of the American Bar Association 1886-1887.

Biography

Thomas Jenkins Semmes was born in Georgetown, D.C., son of Raphael Semmes, of the Charles County, Maryland (Tayloe's Neck) Semmes, and Mary Matilda Jenkins Semmes, a mercantile family of English and French descent. He graduated from Georgetown College (later known as Georgetown University) in 1842 and received a law degree from Harvard in 1845. He practiced law in Washington, D.C., until 1850, when he moved to New Orleans. He became a leader of the Democratic Party and was soon elected a member of the Louisiana House of Representatives. He was a U.S. District Attorney in New Orleans under U.S. President James Buchanan, and later Louisiana Attorney General.

He became a strong advocate of secession. He served in the Confederate Senate from 1862 to 1865. He was a strong supporter and advocate of Louisiana troops, including the famed Louisiana Tigers, in which his brother Andrew served as a regimental surgeon.

Semmes was a close adviser to Confederate President Jefferson Davis and during the war resided in Richmond less than a block away from the White House of the Confederacy. Semmes was credited with creating the motto for the Confederacy, "Deo vindice," which appears on the seal. Senator Semmes, in proposing this motto, took pains to stress that the Confederacy had "deviated in the most emphatic manner from the spirit that presided over the construction of the Constitution of the United States, which is silent on the subject of the Deity", and he clearly expected this invocation to bring his side victory.

Semmes' home in Federal-occupied New Orleans was commandeered by order of Maj. Gen. Benjamin Butler to quarter Union troops.

He later served as a member of the Louisiana Constitutional Conventions of 1879 and 1898. He served as the President of the American Bar 1886 -1887, returned to New Orleans to practice law. He became a professor of law at the University of Louisiana, which became Tulane University. Semmes was President of The Boston Club 1883-1892.

Personal life

Semmes was married on January 8, 1850, in Montgomery, Alabama, to Myra Eulalia Knox and they had seven children. He continued to live in New Orleans and maintained a summer home in Warrenton, Virginia, which was built in 1873 located at 191 Culpeper Street. The home is known as "The Louisiana House."

In 1900 a public school in New Orleans located at 1008 Jourdan Street was named for him. The building was sold to a non-profit and suffered significant damage in Katrina. It continues to suffer from demolition by neglect.

He died in New Orleans in 1899 and is interred in Metairie Cemetery.

Family

A first cousin was Raphael Semmes, captain of the CSS Alabama and later admiral. Raphael Semmes, son of Richard Thompson Semmes and Catherine Middleton Semmes, grew up with his cousin in Georgetown after Raphael’s parents died.

Thomas Jenkins Semmes' sister, Cora Matilda Semmes Ives, was an American writer known for her pro-Confederate utopian novel The Princess of the Moon: A Confederate Fairy Story, published in 1869.