Phi Cassiopeiae
Phi Cassiopeiae (φ Cas, φ Cassiopeiae) is a star in the constellation Cassiopeia. φ Cassiopeiae is a multiple star with a combined apparent magnitude of +4.95. The two brightest components are A and C, sometimes called φ1 and φ2 Cas. φ Cas A is an F0 bright supergiant of magnitude 4.95 and φ Cas C is a 7.08 magnitude B6 supergiant at 134".
System
φ Cassiopeiae appears among the stars of the open cluster NGC 457, which is at 2,400pc, but it is uncertain whether it is a member of the cluster.[12] φ Cas is generally treated as having five component stars, designated A to E in order of distance from the brightest star. The two components A and C are the brightest members of NGC 457; they are sometimes referred to as φ1 and φ2 Cassiopeiae.[14] Component B is a 12th magnitude star 49" from φ1. Components D and E and both 10th magnitude B-type main sequence stars in NGC 457, with component E only 42" from φ2. Another three components are sometimes listed as components of the multiple system, although this is somewhat arbitrary with dozens of members of NGC 457 being found within a few arc-minutes.[15]
The two supergiants share a similar space motion to the other stars in NGC 457, but their evolutionary status and brightness makes them unlikely members.[10] Their Gaia Data Release 2 parallaxes are comparable to other stars in the cluster and consistent with the accepted distance of NGC 457.[16]
Properties
φ1 is a very bright yellow supergiant. Its absolute magnitude is comparable to some yellow hypergiants but it does not show the level of mass loss and instability that would qualify it as a hypergiant itself. Various model atmospheres all give a temperature around 7,300K, a low surface gravity, a radius around 250 R☉, and a luminosity well over 100,000 L☉. More uncertain is the mass, which would be expected to have been well over 25 M☉ initially, but much less now. Different authors have published values from 6 M☉ to 17 M☉.[10][17]
φ2 is a relatively typical B class supergiant, 83,000 times the luminosity of the sun. It is a suspected variable and a suspected spectroscopic binary.[18]
See also
References
- ^ a b c d Van Leeuwen, F. (2007). "Validation of the new Hipparcos reduction". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 474 (2): 653–664. arXiv:0708.1752. Bibcode:2007A&A...474..653V. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20078357.
- ^ a b c d Eggleton, P. P.; Tokovinin, A. A. (2008). "A catalogue of multiplicity among bright stellar systems". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 389 (2): 869. arXiv:0806.2878. Bibcode:2008MNRAS.389..869E. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2008.13596.x.
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: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link) - ^ a b c d Ducati, J. R. (2002). "VizieR Online Data Catalog: Catalogue of Stellar Photometry in Johnson's 11-color system". CDS/ADC Collection of Electronic Catalogues. 2237. Bibcode:2002yCat.2237....0D.
- ^ Mermilliod, J. C.; Mayor, M.; Udry, S. (2008). "Red giants in open clusters. XIV. Mean radial velocities for 1309 stars and 166 open clusters". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 485 (1): 303–314. Bibcode:2008A&A...485..303M. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.30.7545. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:200809664.
- ^ a b c Brown, A. G. A.; et al. (Gaia collaboration) (August 2018). "Gaia Data Release 2: Summary of the contents and survey properties". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 616. A1. arXiv:1804.09365. Bibcode:2018A&A...616A...1G. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201833051. Gaia DR2 record for this source at VizieR.
- ^ a b c d Kovtyukh, V. V.; Gorlova, N.; Belik, S. I. (2012). "Accurate luminosities from the oxygen 7771-4 a triplet and the fundamental parameters of F-G supergiants". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 423 (4): 3268. arXiv:1204.4115v1. Bibcode:2012MNRAS.423.3268K. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2012.21117.x.
{{cite journal}}
: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link) - ^ Kharchenko, N. V.; Scholz, R.-D.; Piskunov, A. E.; Röser, S.; Schilbach, E. (2007). "Astrophysical supplements to the ASCC-2.5: Ia. Radial velocities of ˜55000 stars and mean radial velocities of 516 Galactic open clusters and associations". Astronomische Nachrichten. 328 (9): 889. arXiv:0705.0878. Bibcode:2007AN....328..889K. doi:10.1002/asna.200710776.
- ^ a b c Brown, A. G. A.; et al. (Gaia collaboration) (August 2018). "Gaia Data Release 2: Summary of the contents and survey properties". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 616. A1. arXiv:1804.09365. Bibcode:2018A&A...616A...1G. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201833051. Gaia DR2 record for this source at VizieR.
- ^ a b c Leitherer, C.; Wolf, B. (1984). "Early-type stars in OB associations in the infrared. I Extinction law and IR excesses". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 132: 151. Bibcode:1984A&A...132..151L.
- ^ a b c d e Rosenzweig, P.; Anderson, L. (1993). "A determination of the basic atmospheric parameters of Phi Cassiopeiae". The Astrophysical Journal. 411: 207. Bibcode:1993ApJ...411..207R. doi:10.1086/172820.
- ^ Evans, Christopher J.; Howarth, Ian D. (2003). "Characteristics and classification of A-type supergiants in the Small Magellanic Cloud". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 345 (4): 1223. arXiv:astro-ph/0308125. Bibcode:2003MNRAS.345.1223E. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2966.2003.07038.x.
- ^ a b Zhang, X. B.; Luo, C. Q.; Fu, J. N. (2012). "B-Type Variables in the Young Open Cluster Ngc 457". The Astronomical Journal. 144 (3): 86. Bibcode:2012AJ....144...86Z. doi:10.1088/0004-6256/144/3/86.
- ^ a b c d McErlean, N. D.; Lennon, D. J.; Dufton, P. L. (1999). "Galactic B-supergiants: A non-LTE model atmosphere analysis to estimate atmospheric parameters and chemical compositions". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 349: 553. Bibcode:1999A&A...349..553M.
- ^ Mark Bratton (15 September 2011). The Complete Guide to the Herschel Objects: Sir William Herschel's Star Clusters, Nebulae and Galaxies. Cambridge University Press. pp. 583–. ISBN 978-0-521-76892-4.
- ^ Dommanget, J.; Nys, O. (1994). "Catalogue des composantes d'etoiles doubles et multiples (CCDM) premiere edition - Catalogue of the components of double and multiple stars (CCDM) first edition". Com. De l'Observ. Royal de Belgique. 115: 1. Bibcode:1994CoORB.115....1D.
- ^ Brown, A. G. A.; et al. (Gaia collaboration) (August 2018). "Gaia Data Release 2: Summary of the contents and survey properties". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 616. A1. arXiv:1804.09365. Bibcode:2018A&A...616A...1G. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201833051.
- ^ Arellano Ferro, A.; Parrao, L.; Giridhar, S. (1988). "Comments on the variability and physical parameters of the F supergiant Phi Cassiopeiae". Astronomical Society of the Pacific. 100: 993. Bibcode:1988PASP..100..993A. doi:10.1086/132261.
- ^ Mayer, Pavel; Hanna, Magdy A.; Wolf, Marek; Chochol, Drahos (1998). "Radial velocities of six early-type evolved stars". Astrophysics and Space Science. 262 (2): 163. Bibcode:1994CoSka..24...65M. doi:10.1023/A:1001840718226.