Dutch Suratte

Dutch Suratte Suratte
1616–1825
Flag Coat of arms
Status	Dutch colony
Capital	Suratte
Common languages	Dutch
Director
• 1640–1644	Paulus Croock
• 1691	Hendrik van Rheede
• 1729–1740	Pieter Phoonsen
Historical era	Imperialism
• Establishment of a trading post at Suratte	1616
• Handover to the British according to the Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1824	21 December 1825
Preceded by Succeeded by Mughal Empire British India

Suratte or Soeratte was a famous trading city on the north coast of what is now India, in the modern state of Gujarat, lying on the river Tapti. The city, now known as Surat, became a directorate of the Dutch East India Company in 1616. The British had established a factory in the Suratte in 1609 or 1612, after delivering a blow to the Portuguese. It is part of what is today known as Dutch India.

History

"Logie van Suratte", a view of the factory ("logie) of the Dutch East India Company (VOC) in Surat as seen in April 1629 by Pieter van den Broecke (1585-1640), a Dutch cloth merchant in the service of VOC. This copperplate engraving from 'Historische ende Iournaelsche Aentekeningh, van 't gene Pieter van den Broecke op sijne Reysen, soo van Cabo Verde, Angola, Gunea en Oost-Indien voorghevallen is.... (Pieter van den Broecke: Voyages to West Africa and Asia 1605-1630.), which was part of the monumental work by Isaac Commelin (1598-1676) on VOC voyages: 'Begin ende voortgangh van de Vereenighde Nederlantsche Geoctroyeerde Oost-Indische Companie....', was published by Joannes Janssonius, Amsterdam, 1646.

Pieter van den Broecke established a Dutch trading post in Suratte in 1616, after previous efforts had failed in the years before. The Dutch East India Company was compelled to form this post after the sultan of Aceh no longer allowed them to buy cheap cotton on the local market.

By 1759, the Dutch East India Company's trade had fallen substantially. Trade had largely moved to British Bombay, with Suratte playing only a subordinate role. Due to the Kew Letters Dutch Suratte was relinquished to the British in 1795. It was restored to Dutch rule by the Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1814 but again relinquished to the British by the Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1824, which divided East Asia into Dutch and British spheres of influence.

Trading posts

Suratte

Ahmedabad

Agra→

Burhanpur→

Bharuch

Cambay

Baroda

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Dutch Suratte (Note: Agra and Burhanpur not in their actual position)

Settlement	Type	Established	Disestablished	Notes
Suratte	Factory	1616	1825	Founded by Pieter van den Broecke in 1616. After the British took the city of Suratte from the Mughal Empire in 1759, the trading post's role diminished. Eventually relinquished to the British in the Kew Letters and temporarily restored to the Dutch between 1818 and 1825.
Ahmadabad	Factory	1617	1744	Important trading port. The Dutch East India Company office was founded in 1617 and eventually abandoned in 1744.
Agra	Factory	1621	1720	Capital of the Mughal Empire. Due to the remote location of six weeks travel from Suratte, the trading post was almost never visited by inspectors of the Dutch East India Company. Private trading (forbidden by the Dutch East India Company) and corruption made traders here rich men.
Cambay	Factory	1617	1643	Rather unsuccessful post due to the inability of ships to dock at the port at low tide. After problems with local merchants closed in 1643.

See also

Dutch-Armenian Cemetery of Surat

• Dutch Malabar
• Dutch Ceylon
• Dutch Coromandel
• Dutch Bengal
• François Caron
• Mattheus de Haan
• Hubert Hugo
• Hendrik van Rheede
• Willem Verstegen
• Hendrick Zwaardecroon

External links

• http://www.nationaalarchief.nl/amh/detail.aspx?page=dafb&lang=en&id=5336
• http://www.vocsite.nl/geschiedenis/handelsposten/suratte.html
• http://www.swaen.com/antique-map-of.php?id=1214
• http://www.voc-kenniscentrum.nl/prod-suiker.html