Wetlands of Hong Kong
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There are few natural wetlands in Hong Kong because most were used as sites for shallow shrimp ponds (gei wai) and oyster farming.[1] Presently, the bulk of these wetlands are unused farmlands such as the Long Valley wetland (塱原濕地). These wetlands are mostly located near Deep Bay, which is an area close to the Pearl River estuary.
The Mai Po Marshes is the biggest and the most famous of these. In the 1940s, this wetland was a mangrove swamp covering 200 hectares and they were converted to fish ponds and parts of it were also reclaimed to provide land for the development of the new Tin Shui Wai town.[1]
Biodiversity is a concern in these wetlands and around 3,420 hectares are considered ecologically important as habitats for rare and fragile creatures.[2] The wetlands are home to a unique combination of flora and fauna, which includes seagrass, mangrove, amphibian, bird, butterfly, dragonfly, fish, macro-invertebrates, mammal, and reptile species.[2]
Due to the limited land in Hong Kong the area is threatened by land development, particularly residential projects that are rising near Hong Kong's Deep Bay and even the Mai Po Ramsar site. The government often approves development[3] if construction proposals satisfy the so-called no-net-loss-of-wetland principle.[1] This can be demonstrated in the way Kowloon-Canton Railway (KCR) built part of the Lok Ma Chau Spur Line underground to cross the Long Yuen Wetland. Usually, the principle entails the artificial creation of wetlands to compensate for the loss of the original in the course of the construction. Critics, however, point out that this policy is ineffective because the newly created wetlands are usually inferior.[1]
See also
References
- ^ a b c d Harris, Paul (2012). Environmental Policy and Sustainable Development in China: Hong Kong in Global Context. Bristol: Policy Press. p. 167. ISBN 9781447305088.
- ^ a b "Study on Wetland Compensation" (PDF). EPD. 2004. Retrieved June 29, 2018.
- ^ Ng, Henry (2015). "Comprehensive Development and Wetland Protection Near Yau Mei San Tsuen" (PDF). EPD. Retrieved June 29, 2018.