Iranian presidential election

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The President of Iran is the highest official elected by direct, popular vote, although the President carries out the decrees, and answers to the Supreme Leader of Iran, who functions as the country's head of state.[1][2] Unlike the executive in other countries, the President of Iran does not have full control over anything, as these are ultimately under the control of the Supreme Leader.[1][2] Chapter IX of the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran sets forth the qualifications for presidential candidates. The procedures for presidential election and all other elections in Iran are outlined by the Supreme Leader.[3][4] The President functions as the executive of the decrees and wishes of the Supreme Leader. These include signing treaties and other agreements with foreign countries and international organizations, with Supreme Leader's approval; administering national planning, budget, and state employment affairs, as decreed by the Supreme Leader.[5][6][4][7][8][9][10][11][12] The President also appoints the ministers, subject to the approval of Parliament, and the Supreme Leader who can dismiss or reinstate any of the ministers at any time, regardless of the president or parliament's decision.[13][14][15]

As such, the current long-time Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei, who has been ruling for nearly three decades, has been issuing decrees and making the final decisions on economy, environment, foreign policy, national planning such as population growth, and everything else in Iran.[5][6][7][8][9][10][11] Khamenei also makes the final decisions on the amount of transparency in elections in Iran,[3] and has fired and reinstated Presidential cabinet appointments.[13][14]

Candidates have to be vetted by the Guardian Council, a twelve-member body consisting of six clerics (selected by Iran's Supreme Leader), and six lawyers (proposed by the head of Iran's judicial system and voted in by the Parliament).[16]

The Guardian Council interprets the term supervision in Article 99 as "approbation supervision" (Persian: نظارت استصوابی)[17] which implies the right for acceptance or rejection of elections legality and candidates competency. This interpretation is in contrast with the idea of "notification supervision" (Persian: نظارت استطلاعی) which does not imply the mentioned approval right.[18] The "evidentiary supervision" (Persian: نظارت استنادی), which requires evidences for acceptance or rejection of elections legality and candidates competency, is another interpretation of mentioned article.[19][20]

Iranian presidential election[21][22]
Elections Date People
who could vote		 Number of
votes		 Participation
percentage		 Number of
candidates		 Selected
President		 Number of
Votes		 Percentage of Vote
1st election January 25, 1980 20,993,643 14,152,907 67٫41 124 Abolhassan Banisadr 10,709,330 75.6
2nd election July 24, 1981 22,687,017 14,572,493 64٫24 4 Mohammad-Ali Rajai 12,960,619 91.0
3rd election October 2, 1981 22,687,017 16,847,715 74٫26 4 Ali Khamenei 16,007,072 97.01
4th election August 16, 1985 25,993,802 14,238,587 54٫78 3 Ali Khamenei 12,203,870 87.09
5th election July 28, 1989 30,139,598 16,452,562 54٫59 2 Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani 15,537,394 96.01
6th election June 11, 1993 33,156,055 16,796,755 50٫66 4 Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani 10,449,933 64.0
7th election May 23, 1997 36,466,487 29,145,745 79٫92 4 Mohammad Khatami 20,078,187 69.06
8th election June 8, 2001 42,170,230 28,155,969 66٫77 10 Mohammad Khatami 21,659,053 77.01
9th election June 17, 2005 46,786,418 27,958,931 59٫76 2 Mahmoud Ahmadinejad 17,284,782 61.69
10th election June 12, 2009 46,199,997 39,371,214 84٫83 4 Mahmoud Ahmadinejad 24,592,793 62.63
11th election June 14, 2013 50,483,192 36,821,538 72٫94 6 Hassan Rouhani 18,692,500 50.71
12th election May 19, 2017 56,410,234 41,366,085 73٫33 4 Hassan Rouhani 23,636,652 57.14

References

  1. ^ a b (see Article 110 of the constitution)
  2. ^ a b "ICL - Iran - Constitution". www.servat.unibe.ch.
  3. ^ a b "Leader outlines elections guidelines, calls for transparency". Tehran Times. October 15, 2016.
  4. ^ a b Mahmoud Ahmadinejad Accessed 5-23-2008
  5. ^ a b "Iran's Khamenei hits out at Rafsanjani in rare public rebuke". Middle East Eye.
  6. ^ a b "Khamenei says Iran must go green - Al-Monitor: the Pulse of the Middle East". Al-Monitor.
  7. ^ a b Louis Charbonneau and Parisa Hafezi (16 May 2014). "Exclusive: Iran pursues ballistic missile work, complicating nuclear talks". Reuters.
  8. ^ a b "IranWire - Asking for a Miracle: Khamenei's Economic Plan".
  9. ^ a b "Economic issues Iran's foremost problem: Leader". PressTV.
  10. ^ a b Karami, Arash (May 22, 2014). "Khamenei outlines 14-point plan to increase population". Al-Monitor.
  11. ^ a b "Iran: Executive, legislative branch officials endorse privatization plan". www.payvand.com.
  12. ^ Ali Vafadar (1995). The constitution and political change. p. 559.
  13. ^ a b http://www.stalbertgazette.com/article/GB/20110420/CP01/304209937/-1/sag0806/iranian-lawmakers-warn-ahmadinejad-to-back-intelligence-chief-as&template=cpArt Archived 2013-12-17 at the Wayback Machine
  14. ^ a b "BBC NEWS - Middle East - Iranian vice-president 'sacked'".
  15. ^ Amir Saeed Vakil,Pouryya Askary (2004). constitution in now law like order. p. 362.
  16. ^ Bazzi, Mohamad (12 June 2009). "Iran Elections: Latest News". The Washington Post. Retrieved 13 June 2009.
  17. ^ shora-gc.ir, پایگاه اطلاع رسانی شورای نگهبان- (February 10, 1390). "آشنایی با شورای نگهبان". fa.
  18. ^ "Magiran". magiran.com.
  19. ^ Mellat Electronic Newspaper Archived 2007-05-03 at the Wayback Machine
  20. ^ http://www.irannewspaper.ir/1382/820205/html/politic.htm#s210702 Archived 2007-05-16 at the Wayback Machine
  21. ^ https://www.moi.ir/Portal/file/?462772/%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%B1%DA%AF%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%B1-%D8%B4%D8%AF%D9%87-%D8%A7%D8%B2-%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%84-%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%82%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%AA%D8%A7-%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%84-95.pdf
  22. ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2017-10-10. Retrieved 2020-03-03.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
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