Radical 51
| 干 | ||
|---|---|---|
| ||
| 干 (U+5E72) "oppose, dried" | ||
| Pronunciations | ||
| Pinyin: | gān | |
| Bopomofo: | ㄍㄢ | |
| Gwoyeu Romatzyh: | gan | |
| Wade–Giles: | kan1 | |
| Cantonese Yale: | gōn | |
| Jyutping: | gon1 | |
| Pe̍h-ōe-jī: | kan | |
| Japanese Kana: | かん, ほす kan, hosu | |
| Sino-Korean: | 간 gan | |
| Names | ||
| Japanese name(s): | 干 hosu | |
| Hangul: | 방패 banpae | |
| Stroke order animation | ||
 | ||
Radical 51 (干 Unicode U+5E72, pinyin gān meaning "oppose" or "dried") is one of 31 out of the total 214 Kangxi radicals written with three strokes.
There are only nine characters derived from this radical, and some modern dictionaries have discontinued its use as a section header. In such characters that are derived from it, it mostly takes a purely phonetic role, as in 肝 "liver".
In origin, the character depicts a kind of fork used as a weapon used in hunting or in warfare[citation needed], or alternatively either a pestle or a shield. It can be traced to the seal script.
In simplified Chinese
As a character (not a radical), 干 has risen to new importance, and even notoriety due to the 20th-century Chinese writing reform. In simplified Chinese, 干 takes the place of a number of other characters with the phonetic value gān or gàn, e.g. of 乾 "dry" or 幹 "trunk, body", so that 干 may today take a wide variety of meanings.
The high frequency and polysemy of the character poses a serious problem for Chinese translation software. The word 幹 gàn "tree trunk; to do" (rarely also "human body"), rendered as 干 in simplified Chinese, acquired the meaning of "to fuck" in Chinese slang. Notoriously, the 2002 edition of the widespread Jinshan Ciba Chinese-to-English dictionary for the Jinshan Kuaiyi translation software rendered every occurrence of 干 as "fuck", resulting in a large number of signs with irritating English translations throughout China, often mistranslating 乾 gān "dried" as in 干果 "dried fruit" in supermarkets as "fuck the fruits" or similar.[1]
Derived characters
-
Bronze script character -
Large Seal Script character -
Small Seal Script character
| Strokes | Characters |
|---|---|
| + 0 | 干 |
| + 2 | 平 |
| + 3 | 年 幵 并 |
| + 5 | 幷 幸 |
| +10 | 幹 |
Literature
- Fazzioli, Edoardo (1987). Chinese calligraphy : from pictograph to ideogram : the history of 214 essential Chinese/Japanese characters. calligraphy by Rebecca Hon Ko. New York: Abbeville Press. ISBN 0-89659-774-1.
- Leyi Li: “Tracing the Roots of Chinese Characters: 500 Cases”. Beijing 1993, ISBN 978-7-5619-0204-2
- Rick Harbaugh, Chinese Characters: A Genealogy and Dictionary, Yale University Press (1998), ISBN 978-0-9660750-0-7.[1]
References
- ^ Victor Mair, The Etiology and Elaboration of a Flagrant Mistranslation, Language Log, December 2007.
See also
