New Guinea big-eared bat
| New Guinea big-eared bat | |
|---|---|
Scientific classification 
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Mammalia |
| Order: | Chiroptera |
| Family: | Vespertilionidae |
| Genus: | Pharotis Thomas, 1914 |
| Species: | P. imogene
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| Binomial name | |
| Pharotis imogene Thomas, 1914
| |
| |
The New Guinea big-eared bat, species Pharotis imogene, is a vespertilionid bat endemic to Papua New Guinea. It is listed as a critically endangered species due to ongoing habitat loss.[1] It is the only known member of the genus Pharotis, which is closely related to Nyctophilus.
Previously, the species was believed to have been extinct since 1890, when it was last spotted. In 2014, researchers realized that a female bat collected near Kamali in 2012 was a member of this species.[2]
Taxonomy
The genus Pharotis and the species Pharotis imogene were both described in 1914 by British zoologist Oldfield Thomas. The specimens used by Thomas to describe the species had been collected by Lamberto Loria in 1890. Thomas obtained the specimens via Giacomo Doria of the Museo Civico di Storia Naturale.[3] The etymology of the prefix "phar-" is unclear. The suffix "-otis" is from Ancient Greek "οὖς," meaning "ear".[4] Furthermore, the etymology or eponym of imogene is also unclear.
An arrangement within the family Vespertilionidae, the common evening bats, allies this genus to the similar Nyctophilus, within subfamilial taxon Vespertilioninae as the tribe Nyctophilini, known as the big-eared bats of Australia and New Guinea.
Description
Its fur is dark brown; its ears and flight membranes are brown as well.[3] It is similar in appearance to the small-toothed long-eared bat, Nyctophilus microdon, with which it is sometimes confused. It can be differentiated from Nyctophilus species by looking at the skin between the nostrils—in the New Guinea big-eared bat, this skin is hairless, while it has fine hairs in Nyctophilus. Its forearm length is approximately 39.6 mm (1.56 in). Its ears and tragi are both long, at 24 mm (0.94 in) and 15 mm (0.59 in), respectively. Its head and body length is 50.1 mm (1.97 in). Individuals weigh roughly 7.7 g (0.27 oz).[5]
Biology and ecology
Little is known about this species, as it is rarely encountered. Based on its large ears, however, it is hypothesized that it might hunt for insect prey using low-intensity echolocation. It possibly captures prey by gleaning, which means plucking them off of a surface rather than aerial pursuit.[5]
Range and habitat
The individual captured in 2012 was in a logged lowland rainforest of the Abau District of Papua New Guinea. Its habitat preference is unknown, but possibly includes lowland sclerophyll woodlands or woodlands with patches of rainforest.[5]
Conservation
In 2008, the IUCN classified this species as critically endangered, possibly extinct. At the time, the species had not been definitively encountered since 1890.[1] In 2012, researchers rediscovered the species when they captured an adult female, though at first they were unsure which species they had found.[2][5] Due to its imperiled status, it is identified by the Alliance for Zero Extinction as a species in danger of imminent extinction.[6] In 2013, Bat Conservation International listed this species as one of the 35 species of its worldwide priority list of conservation.[7]
References
- ^ a b c Bonaccorso, F.; Hamilton, S.; Parnaby, H. (2008). "Pharotis imogene". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2008: e.T16887A6543777. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2008.RLTS.T16887A6543777.en.
- ^ a b Gates, Sara (4 June 2014). "Presumed Extinct Bat Found In Papua New Guinea After 120 Years". Huffington Post. Retrieved 5 June 2014.
- ^ a b Thomas, O. (1914). "XLVI.—A new genus of bats allied to Nyctophilus". Journal of Natural History. 8. 14 (83): 381–383. doi:10.1080/00222931408693589.
- ^ Woodman, Neal (1993). "The Correct Gender of Mammalian Generic Names Ending in -Otis". Journal of Mammalogy. 74 (3): 544–546. doi:10.2307/1382274. JSTOR 1382274.
- ^ a b c d Hughes, Catherine; Broken-Brow, Julie; Parnaby, Harry; Hamilton, Steve; Leung, Luke K.-P. (2014). "Rediscovery of the New Guinea Big-eared Bat Pharotis imogene from Central Province, Papua New Guinea". Records of the Australian Museum. 66 (4): 225. doi:10.3853/j.2201-4349.66.2014.1632.
- ^ "A Five-Year Plan for Global Bat Conservation" (PDF). batcon.org. Bat Conservation International. October 2013. Retrieved May 1, 2017.
- ^ "BCI Strategic Plan 2013" (PDF). batcon.org. Bat Conservation International. October 2013. Retrieved February 28, 2018.