Northeast Siberian taiga

Ecoregion: Northeast Siberian taiga
Dahurian larch trees, Kolyma region, arctic northeast Siberia
Ecoregion territory (in purple)
Ecology
Realm	Palearctic
Biome	Boreal forests/taiga
Geography
Area	1,529.373 km2 (590.494 sq mi)
Country	Russia
Rivers	Lena River, Kolyma River
Climate type	ET

The Northeast Siberian taiga ecoregion (WWF ID:PA0605) is an area of "sparse taiga forest" between the Lena River and the Kolyma River in northeastern Siberia, Russia. The ecoregion's internal borders form a patchwork of territory constituting the southern part of the East Siberian Lowland, as well as lowlands around the East Siberian Mountains, including the ridges and peaks of the Verkhoyansk Range and the Chersky Range. On the southern border of the ecoregion is the north coast of the Sea of Okhotsk, giving the region maritime boreal forests as well as the continental forests situated inland. The ecoregion is one of the largest tracts of virgin boreal forest in the world, due the very sparse population and difficult access. It is mostly in the Sakha Republic (Yakutsk region).

Location and description

The ecoregion covers an area about 1,800 km west-east by 1,000 km north-south. The western border is the Lena River; beyond that is the East Siberian taiga ecoregion. The eastern edge is the Kolyma River, beyond which farther east is the Bering tundra ecoregion. To the north is a strip Arctic coastal tundra about 100 km wide, the Northeast Siberian coastal tundra ecoregion. The Okhotsk Sea to the south completes the outline of the ecoregion, but internally the Verhkoyansk and Chersky mountains (which are in the "Cherskii-Kolyma mountain tundra" ecoregion) confines the ecoregion into valleys and lowlands.

The Verkhovyansk Range is an "L-shaped" range that runs down the east side of the Lena before turning west-east across the south of the ecoregion. They Chersky Range runs northwest-to-southeast through the middles of the region. Their upper slopes and peaks are too cold and dry to support the forests and flora of the lowlands in the Northeast Siberian taiga ecoregion. To the east and north of the mountains is the Kolyma River basin. In addition to the Kolyma River, the ecoregion contains the Indigirka River and the Yana River.

Climate

The region has a (ET), with long, very cold winters and a brief warm summer. Regions with ET climate have at least one month with temperatures averaging above 0 °C (32 °F), and hence have a period of melted snow; but ET regions also have no month averaging above 10 °C (50 °F) and hence are at the northern limit of ability to support forests.

Center of Northeast Siberian ecoregion (65.25 N, 147.25 E)
Climate chart (explanation)
J F M A M J J A S O N D     0.4     −37 −52     0.3     −30 −48     0.2     −12 −38     0.4     12 −14     0.7     34 15     1.7     54 30     2.3     60 36     1.8     55 31     0.8     40 22     0.5     12 −5     0.5     −21 −36     0.4     −34 −48 █ Average max. and min. temperatures in °F █ Precipitation totals in inches Source: GlobalSpecies.org
Metric conversion J F M A M J J A S O N D     10     −38 −46     7.6     −34 −45     5.1     −24 −39     10     −11 −26     18     1 −10     43     12 −1     58     16 2     46     13 0     20     5 −6     13     −11 −21     13     −29 −38     10     −37 −44 █ Average max. and min. temperatures in °C █ Precipitation totals in mm

Precipitation is relatively low, ranging from 150–200 mm/year in central Yakutia, to 400–500 mm/year in the mountains.

Flora

The dominant trees are Larix cajanderi (larch) and Betula pendula (silver birch), with a ground cover of Pinus pumila (Siberian dwarf pine) and lichen. Further development of the forest is limited by the continuous permafrost of the area, and by the harsh cold winters and relatively low precipitation. The region is a large sink for atmospheric carbon dioxide.

In the lowland floodplains there are steppe floral communities that feature fescue (Festuca), wheatgrass, alpine oatgrass (Helictotrichon), cinquefoils (Potentilla tollii), Orostachys spinosa, Carex pediformis, and others. The ecoregion is one of the floral regions of the Circumboreal Region.

Fauna

Migrant waterfowl are common in the northern areas near the tundra; species include Melanitta nigra (Common scoter), Anser fabalis (Bean goose), and Anas formosa (Baikal teal). One the rocky coast of the Sea of Okhotsk are important breading areas for seabirds. Over one million individuals from 15 species are seen in the area, and is one of the only breeding grounds for the Little curlew and the critically endangered Siberian crane.

Common mammals are elk (Alces alces), Siberian chipmunk (Eutamias sibiricus), lynx (Felis lynx), Siberian weasel (Mustela sibirica), red fox (Vulpes vulpes) and brown bear (Ursus arctos).

Protections

Notable protected areas of the Russian Federation in the West Siberian taiga include:

• Magadan Nature Reserve An IUCN class Ia "strict ecological reserve" (a Zapovednik). (Area: 782 km2)

Threats

The region is relatively untouched by human activities; the region is one of the largest virgin forests in the world. There is some mining activity, and logging. As usual with boreal forests, wild fires are a threat in the summer.

Urban areas and settlements

The area sparsely populated; the only city is Magadan on the Okhotsk Sea, and scattered mining and logging villages. The region is in the Palearctic ecozone (Euro-Siberian region). It covers 1,670,283 km² (644,900 sq mi).

See also

• List of ecoregions in Russia