Jump to content

List of tallest structures in Osaka Prefecture

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

This is an old revision of this page, as edited by Portalian (talk | contribs) at 11:17, 30 April 2020 (Tallest buildings). The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this revision, which may differ significantly from the current revision.

Osaka Prefecture is the third-most populated of Japan's 47 prefectures.[1] In Osaka, there are 37 buildings that stand taller than 150 metres (490 ft). Abeno Harukas, which was completed in 2014, is the tallest building in Osaka and in Japan at 300 metres (980 ft). Both rising 256 metres (840 ft), the Osaka Prefectural Government Sakishima Building and the Rinku Gate Tower Building, which were completed in 1995 and 1996 respectively, are the second-tallest buildings in the prefecture. The prefecture's third-tallest building is The Kitahama, which rises 55 stories and 252 metres (827 ft) in height. Overall, of the 25 tallest buildings in Japan, 4 are in Osaka Prefecture.[2]

Osaka has been the site of many skyscraper construction projects in recent years. Since 2010, 12 buildings rising higher than 150 metres (490 ft) have been completed. As of June 2015, three such buildings are under construction in the prefecture. Several other construction projects planned to exceed the height of 150 metres are proposed for the near future.

Tallest buildings

This lists ranks Osaka skyscrapers that stand at least 150 metres (490 ft) tall, based on standard height measurement. This includes spires and architectural details but does not include antenna masts.

Rank Name Image Height
m (ft)
Floors Year Coordinates City/Ward Notes
01.01 Abeno Harukas 300 (984) 60 2014 34°38′45.6″N 135°30′48.2″E / 34.646000°N 135.513389°E / 34.646000; 135.513389 (Abeno Harukas) Abeno-ku, Osaka Tallest building in Japan[3][4][5]
2= Osaka Prefectural Government Sakishima Building 256 (840) 55 1995 34°38′18″N 135°24′54″E / 34.63833°N 135.41500°E / 34.63833; 135.41500 (Osaka World Trade Center) Suminoe-ku, Osaka 3rd-tallest building in Japan[6][7][8]
2= Rinku Gate Tower 256 (840) 56 1996 34°24′40″N 135°18′0″E / 34.41111°N 135.30000°E / 34.41111; 135.30000 (Rinku Gate Tower) Izumisano 3rd-tallest building in Japan[9][10][11]
4 The Kitahama 209 (687) 54 2009 34°41′21″N 135°30′25.5″E / 34.68917°N 135.507083°E / 34.68917; 135.507083 (The Kitahama) Chūō-ku, Osaka Tallest all-residential building in Japan; 22nd-tallest building in Japan; Tallest building completed in Osaka in the 2000s[12][13][14]
5= Osaka Bay Tower 200 (656) 51 1993 34°40′9″N 135°27′40″E / 34.66917°N 135.46111°E / 34.66917; 135.46111 (Osaka Bay Tower) Minato-ku, Osaka 28th-tallest building in Japan[15][16][17]
5= X-Tower Osaka Bay 200 (657) 54 2006 34°40′6.5″N 135°27′37″E / 34.668472°N 135.46028°E / 34.668472; 135.46028 (X-Tower Osaka Bay) Minato-ku, Osaka 28th-tallest building in Japan[18][19][20]
Nanko Power Plant[A] 200 (656) Suminoe-ku, Osaka
7= Nakanoshima Festival Tower 199 (653) 39 2012 34°41′36.7″N 135°29′48.3″E / 34.693528°N 135.496750°E / 34.693528; 135.496750 (Nakanoshima Festival Tower East) Kita-ku, Osaka [21][22][23]
Nakanoshima Festival Tower West 199 (654) 41 2017 34°41′36.7″N 135°29′43.5″E / 34.693528°N 135.495417°E / 34.693528; 135.495417 (Nakanoshima Festival Tower West) Kita-ku, Osaka [24][25][26]
9 KEPCO Headquarters 196 (641) 41 2004 34°41′34″N 135°29′33.5″E / 34.69278°N 135.492639°E / 34.69278; 135.492639 (KEPCO Headquarters) Kita-ku, Osaka 33rd-tallest building in Japan[27][28][29]
The Parkhouse Nakanoshima Tower 193 (633) 54 2017 34°41′19″N 135°29′7.2″E / 34.68861°N 135.485333°E / 34.68861; 135.485333 (The Parkhouse Nakanoshima Tower) Kita-ku, Osaka [30][31][32]
10= HERBIS Osaka 190 (622) 40 1997 34°41′55″N 135°29′34.5″E / 34.69861°N 135.492917°E / 34.69861; 135.492917 (HERBIS Osaka) Kita-ku, Osaka 42nd-tallest building in Japan[33][34][35]
10= Osaka Hibikino Machi - The Sanctus Tower 190 (622) 53 2015 34°40′43″N 135°29′40.5″E / 34.67861°N 135.494583°E / 34.67861; 135.494583 (Osaka Hibikino Machi - The Sanctus Tower) Nishi-ku, Osaka [36][37]
12 Umeda Hankyu Building 187 (614) 41 2010 34°42′9″N 135°29′56″E / 34.70250°N 135.49889°E / 34.70250; 135.49889 (Umeda Hankyu Building) Kita-ku, Osaka 47th-tallest building in Japan[38][39][40]
13 Grand Front Osaka Tower A 180 (589) 38 2013 34°42′15.6″N 135°29′41″E / 34.704333°N 135.49472°E / 34.704333; 135.49472 (Grand Front Osaka Tower A) Kita-ku, Osaka [41][42]
14= City Tower Nishi-Umeda 177 (582) 50 2007 34°42′0″N 135°29′8.5″E / 34.70000°N 135.485694°E / 34.70000; 135.485694 (City Tower Nishi-Umeda) Fukushima-ku, Osaka [43][44][45]
14= The Tower Osaka 177 (581) 50 2008 34°41′40″N 135°29′20.5″E / 34.69444°N 135.489028°E / 34.69444; 135.489028 (The Tower Osaka) Fukushima-ku, Osaka [46][47][48]
16 OAP Tower 176 (578) 39 1994 34°41′39.5″N 135°31′11.5″E / 34.694306°N 135.519861°E / 34.694306; 135.519861 (OAP Tower) Kita-ku, Osaka [49][50][51]
17= Breezé Tower 175 (574) 34 2008 34°41′55″N 135°29′38″E / 34.69861°N 135.49389°E / 34.69861; 135.49389 (Breezé Tower) Kita-ku, Osaka [52][53][54]
17= Grand Front Osaka South Tower B 175 (575) 38 2013 34°42′19.6″N 135°29′40″E / 34.705444°N 135.49444°E / 34.705444; 135.49444 (Grand Front Osaka South Tower B) Kita-ku, Osaka [55][56]
19 Grand Front Osaka Owner's Tower 174 (572) 48 2013 34°42′26″N 135°29′38.6″E / 34.70722°N 135.494056°E / 34.70722; 135.494056 (Grand Front Osaka Owner's Tower) Kita-ku, Osaka [57][58]
20 Umeda Sky Building 173 (568) 40 1993 34°42′19″N 135°29′23″E / 34.70528°N 135.48972°E / 34.70528; 135.48972 (Umeda Sky Building) Kita-ku, Osaka [59][60][61]
21 City Tower Osaka 170 (558) 50 2003 34°41′11″N 135°30′27″E / 34.68639°N 135.50750°E / 34.68639; 135.50750 (City Tower Osaka) Chūō-ku, Osaka [62][63][64]
22 ORC 200 Prio Tower 167 (549) 50 1992 34°40′10.7″N 135°27′34.7″E / 34.669639°N 135.459639°E / 34.669639; 135.459639 (ORC 200 Prio Tower) Minato-ku, Osaka [65][66][67]
23 The Senri Tower 164 (539) 50 2009 34°48′40″N 135°29′40″E / 34.81111°N 135.49444°E / 34.81111; 135.49444 (The Senri Tower) Toyonaka [68][69][70]
24 City Tower Grand Tennoji 162 (531) 43 2007 34°38′37.5″N 135°31′3″E / 34.643750°N 135.51750°E / 34.643750; 135.51750 (City Tower Grand Tennoji) Abeno-ku, Osaka [71][72][73]
25= Applause Tower 161 (529) 34 1992 34°42′31″N 135°29′54.5″E / 34.70861°N 135.498472°E / 34.70861; 135.498472 (Applause Tower Osaka) Kita-ku, Osaka [74][75][76]
25= Osaka Fukushima Tower 161 (527) 45 2011 34°41′35″N 135°28′52″E / 34.69306°N 135.48111°E / 34.69306; 135.48111 (Osaka Fukushima Tower) Fukushima-ku, Osaka [77][78][79]
27 Nakanoshima Dai Building 160 (525) 35 2009 34°41′34″N 135°29′33.5″E / 34.69278°N 135.492639°E / 34.69278; 135.492639 (Nakanoshima Dai Building) Kita-ku, Osaka [80][81][82]
28= Twin 21 MID Tower 157 (515) 38 1986 34°41′34″N 135°31′53.7″E / 34.69278°N 135.531583°E / 34.69278; 135.531583 (Twin 21 MID Tower) Chūō-ku, Osaka [83][84][85]
28= Twin 21 Panasonic Tower 157 (515) 38 1986 34°41′36″N 135°31′51″E / 34.69333°N 135.53083°E / 34.69333; 135.53083 (Twin 21 Panasonic Tower) Chūō-ku, Osaka [86][87][88]
28= OBP Castle Tower 157 (515) 38 1988 34°41′30″N 135°31′58″E / 34.69167°N 135.53278°E / 34.69167; 135.53278 (OBP Castle Tower) Chūō-ku, Osaka [89][90][91]
28= Crystal Tower 157 (514) 37 1990 34°41′31.7″N 135°31′43.5″E / 34.692139°N 135.528750°E / 34.692139; 135.528750 (Crystal Tower) Chūō-ku, Osaka [92][93][94]
32= Meiji-Yasuda Seimei Umeda Building 156 (511) 30 2000 34°41′55″N 135°29′29.5″E / 34.69861°N 135.491528°E / 34.69861; 135.491528 (Meiji-Yasuda Seimei Umeda Building) Kita-ku, Osaka [95][96][97]
32= City Tower Osaka Temma The River & Parks 156 (510) 45 2009 34°42′29″N 135°30′58.5″E / 34.70806°N 135.516250°E / 34.70806; 135.516250 (City Tower Osaka Temma The River & Parks) Kita-ku, Osaka [98][99]
32= Geo Tower Tenroku 156 (510) 44 2013 34°42′40.5″N 135°30′41.5″E / 34.711250°N 135.511528°E / 34.711250; 135.511528 (Geo Tower Tenroku) Kita-ku, Osaka [100][101]
35 The Namba Tower 155 (509) 46 2007 34°39′38.5″N 135°30′4.3″E / 34.660694°N 135.501194°E / 34.660694; 135.501194 (Namba Tower Residence) Naniwa-ku, Osaka [102][103][104]
36 Grand Front Osaka North Tower C 154 (505) 33 2013 34°42′23.6″N 135°29′40″E / 34.706556°N 135.49444°E / 34.706556; 135.49444 (Grand Front Osaka North Tower C) Kita-ku, Osaka [105]
37 Yodoyabashi Apple Tower Residence 152 (499) 46 2007 34°41′22″N 135°30′12″E / 34.68944°N 135.50333°E / 34.68944; 135.50333 (Yodoyabashi Apple Tower Residence) Chūō-ku, Osaka [106][107][108]
Osaka Metropolis Tower 152 (500) 46 2016 34°40′54.6″N 135°29′2.2″E / 34.681833°N 135.483944°E / 34.681833; 135.483944 (Osaka Metropolis Tower) Nishi-ku, Osaka [109]
38 D'Grafort Osaka N.Y. Tower Higobashi 151 (494) 46 2008 34°41′23.6″N 135°29′49.2″E / 34.689889°N 135.497000°E / 34.689889; 135.497000 (D'Grafort Osaka N.Y Tower Higobashi) Nishi-ku, Osaka [110][111][112]
39 Ōsaka Station North Gate Building 150 (492) 29 2011 34°42′9.5″N 135°29′39.3″E / 34.702639°N 135.494250°E / 34.702639; 135.494250 (JR Osaka Station North Building) Kita-ku, Osaka [113][114][115]

* Indicates buildings that are still under construction but have been topped out.
= Indicates buildings that have the same rank because they have the same height.

Tallest structures

This list ranks Osaka structures that stand at least 150 meters (492 feet) tall, based on standard height measurement. This height includes spires, architectural details and antenna masts.

Rank Name Image Height
m (ft)
Floors Year Coordinates Structure type Ward Notes
1 Nanko Power Plant 200 (656) 34°36′58.2″N 135°24′16.8″E / 34.616167°N 135.404667°E / 34.616167; 135.404667 (Nanko Power Plant) chimney Suminoe [116]
2 Tanagawa No.2 Power Plant 200 (656) 1977 34°19′23.5″N 135°7′47.7″E / 34.323194°N 135.129917°E / 34.323194; 135.129917 (Tanagawa No.2 Power Plant) chimney Misaki [117]
3 Dai Heiwa Kinen Tō 180 (591) 1970 34°30′6.8″N 135°35′9.6″E / 34.501889°N 135.586000°E / 34.501889; 135.586000 (Dai Heiwa Kinen Tō) cenotaph Tondabayashi
4 Tempozan Bridge
152 (499) 1990 34°39′30″N 135°26′2″E / 34.65833°N 135.43389°E / 34.65833; 135.43389 (Tempozan Bridge) cable-stayed bridge Minato [118]

Demolished or destroyed structures

Name Image Height
m (ft)
Year
built
Year
destroyed
Structure
type
Location Notes
Osaka Tower
160 (525) 1966 2009 radio tower Kita Dismantled[119]

Tallest under construction

This lists buildings that are under construction in Osaka and are planned to rise at least 150 metres (492 ft). Any buildings that have been topped out but are not completed are also included.

Name Height
m (ft)
Floors Year Ward Notes
Branz Tower Umeda Kita Project 168 (551) 50 2019 Kita Construction started in 2016
The Fine Tower Umeda Toyosaki 152 (497) 45 2019 Kita Construction started in 2016
Yodobashi Umeda Tower 150 (492) 34 2019 Kita Construction started in 2017

Timeline of tallest buildings

Osaka Obayashi Building

This is a list of buildings that once held the title of tallest building in Osaka.

Name Years as tallest Height
m (ft)
Floors Ward Notes
Osaka Obayashi Building 1973–1973 120 (393) 30 Chūō [120]
Osaka Kokusai Building 1973–1977 125 (410) 32 Chūō [121][122]
Hankyu Grand Building 1977–1979 127 (417) 32 Kita [123][124]
Osaka-Ekimae Daisan Building 1979–1986 132 (432) 34 Kita [125][126]
Twin 21 Towers 1986–1992 157 (515) 38 Chūō [127][128][129][130]
OBP Castle Tower 1986–1992 157 (515) 38 Chūō [131][132]
ORC 200 Prio Tower 1992–1993 167 (548) 50 Minato [133][134]
Osaka Bay Tower 1993–1995 200 (656) 51 Minato [135][136]
Osaka Prefectural Government Sakishima Building 1995–2014 256 (840) 55 Suminoe [137][138]
Abeno Harukas 2014–Present 300 (984) 60 Abeno [139]

Notes

A. ^ This structure is not a habitable building but is included in this list for comparative purposes. Per a ruling by the Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat, freestanding observation towers, chimneys or masts are not considered to be buildings, as they are not fully habitable structures.

References

General
Specific
  1. ^ "Population By Prefecture (1920-2009)" (Excel). Statistics Bureau. Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications. Retrieved November 27, 2011.
  2. ^ "Japan Skyscraper Diagram". Skyscraper Source Media. Retrieved June 29, 2015.
  3. ^ "Abeno Harukas". Skyscraper Source Media. Retrieved June 29, 2015.
  4. ^ "Abeno Harukas". Emporis. Retrieved June 29, 2015.
  5. ^ "Abeno Harukas". The Skyscraper Center. CTBUH. Retrieved June 29, 2015.
  6. ^ "Osaka World Trade Center". Skyscraper Source Media. Retrieved June 29, 2015.
  7. ^ "Osaka Sakishima Building". Emporis. Retrieved June 29, 2015.
  8. ^ "Osaka World Trade Center". The Skyscraper Center. CTBUH. Retrieved June 29, 2015.
  9. ^ "Rinku Gate Tower". Skyscraper Source Media. Retrieved January 27, 2009.
  10. ^ "Rinku Gate Tower Building". Emporis. Retrieved June 29, 2015.
  11. ^ "Rinku Gate Tower". The Skyscraper Center. CTBUH. Retrieved June 29, 2015.
  12. ^ "The Kitahama". Skyscraper Source Media. Retrieved June 29, 2015.
  13. ^ "The Kitahama". Emporis. Retrieved June 29, 2015.
  14. ^ "The Kitahama". The Skyscraper Center. CTBUH. Retrieved June 29, 2015.
  15. ^ "ORC 200". Skyscraper Source Media. Retrieved June 30, 2015.
  16. ^ "ORC 200". Emporis. Retrieved June 30, 2015.
  17. ^ "ORC 200". The Skyscraper Center. CTBUH. Retrieved June 30, 2015.
  18. ^ "X-Tower Osaka Bay". Skyscraper Source Media. Retrieved June 30, 2015.
  19. ^ "X-Tower Osaka Bay". Emporis. Retrieved June 30, 2015.
  20. ^ "X-Tower Osaka Bay". The Skyscraper Center. CTBUH. Retrieved June 30, 2015.
  21. ^ "Nakanoshima Festival Tower East Area". Skyscraper Source Media. Retrieved June 30, 2015.
  22. ^ "Nakanoshima Festival East Tower". Emporis. Retrieved June 30, 2015.
  23. ^ "Nakanoshima Festival Tower". The Skyscraper Center. CTBUH. Retrieved June 30, 2015.
  24. ^ "Nakanoshima Festival Tower West Area". Skyscraper Source Media. Retrieved January 29, 2018.
  25. ^ "Nakanoshima Festival West Tower". Emporis. Retrieved January 29, 2018.
  26. ^ "Nakanoshima Festival West Tower". The Skyscraper Center. CTBUH. Retrieved January 29, 2018.
  27. ^ "KEPCO Headquarters". Skyscraper Source Media. Retrieved June 30, 2015.
  28. ^ "New Kansai Electric Power Company Building". Emporis. Retrieved June 30, 2015.
  29. ^ "KEPCO Headquarters". The Skyscraper Center. CTBUH. Retrieved June 30, 2015.
  30. ^ "The Parkhouse Nakanoshima Tower". Skyscraper Source Media. Retrieved January 30, 2018.
  31. ^ "The Park House Nakanoshima Tower". Emporis. Retrieved January 30, 2018.
  32. ^ "The Parkhouse Nakanoshima Tower". The Skyscraper Center. CTBUH. Retrieved January 30, 2018.
  33. ^ "Herbis Osaka". Skyscraper Source Media. Retrieved June 30, 2015.
  34. ^ "HERBIS Osaka". Emporis. Retrieved June 30, 2015.
  35. ^ "HERBIS Osaka". The Skyscraper Center. CTBUH. Retrieved June 30, 2015.
  36. ^ "Osaka Hibikino Machi - The Sanctus Tower". Skyscraper Source Media. Retrieved June 30, 2015.
  37. ^ "Osaka Hibikino Machi - The Sanctus Tower". Emporis. Retrieved June 30, 2015.
  38. ^ "Umeda Hankyu Building Replacement Plan". Skyscraper Source Media. Retrieved June 30, 2015.
  39. ^ "Umeda Hankyu Building". Emporis. Retrieved June 30, 2015.
  40. ^ "Umeda Hankyu Building". The Skyscraper Center. CTBUH. Retrieved June 30, 2015.
  41. ^ "Grand Front Osaka Block A". Skyscraper Source Media. Retrieved June 30, 2015.
  42. ^ "GRAND FRONT OSAKA Tower A". Emporis. Retrieved June 30, 2015.
  43. ^ "City Tower Nishi-Umeda". Skyscraper Source Media. Retrieved June 30, 2015.
  44. ^ "City Tower Nishi-Umeda". Emporis. Retrieved June 30, 2015.
  45. ^ "City Tower Nishi-Umeda". The Skyscraper Center. CTBUH. Retrieved June 30, 2015.
  46. ^ "The Tower Osaka". Skyscraper Source Media. Retrieved June 30, 2015.
  47. ^ "The Tower Osaka". Emporis. Retrieved June 30, 2015.
  48. ^ "The Tower". The Skyscraper Center. CTBUH. Retrieved June 30, 2015.
  49. ^ "OAP Tower". Skyscraper Source Media. Retrieved June 30, 2015.
  50. ^ "OAP Tower". Emporis. Retrieved June 30, 2015.
  51. ^ "OAP Tower". The Skyscraper Center. CTBUH. Retrieved June 30, 2015.
  52. ^ "Breezé Tower". Skyscraper Source Media. Retrieved June 30, 2015.
  53. ^ "Breezé Tower". Emporis. Retrieved June 30, 2015.
  54. ^ "Breeze Tower". The Skyscraper Center. CTBUH. Retrieved June 30, 2015.
  55. ^ "Grand Front Osaka Block B South Tower". Skyscraper Source Media. Retrieved June 30, 2015.
  56. ^ "GRAND FRONT OSAKA Tower B". Emporis. Retrieved June 30, 2015.
  57. ^ "Grand Front Osaka Block C". Skyscraper Source Media. Retrieved June 30, 2015.
  58. ^ "GRAND FRONT OSAKA Owners Tower". Emporis. Retrieved June 30, 2015.
  59. ^ "Umeda Sky Building". Skyscraper Source Media. Retrieved June 30, 2015.
  60. ^ "Umeda Sky Building". Emporis. Retrieved June 30, 2015.
  61. ^ "Umeda Sky Building". The Skyscraper Center. CTBUH. Retrieved June 30, 2015.
  62. ^ "City Tower Osaka". Skyscraper Source Media. Retrieved June 30, 2015.
  63. ^ "City Tower Osaka". Emporis. Retrieved June 30, 2015.
  64. ^ "City Tower Osaka". The Skyscraper Center. CTBUH. Retrieved June 30, 2015.
  65. ^ "Orc-200 Prio Tower". Skyscraper Source Media. Retrieved June 30, 2015.
  66. ^ "ORC Prio Tower". Emporis. Retrieved June 30, 2015.
  67. ^ "ORC Prio Tower". The Skyscraper Center. CTBUH. Retrieved June 30, 2015.
  68. ^ "The Senri Tower". Skyscraper Source Media. Retrieved June 30, 2015.
  69. ^ "The Senri Tower". Emporis. Retrieved June 30, 2015.
  70. ^ "The Senri Tower". The Skyscraper Center. CTBUH. Retrieved June 30, 2015.
  71. ^ "City Tower Grand Tennoji". Skyscraper Source Media. Retrieved June 30, 2015.
  72. ^ "City Tower Grand Tennoji". Emporis. Retrieved June 30, 2015.
  73. ^ "City Tower Gran Tennoji". The Skyscraper Center. CTBUH. Retrieved June 30, 2015.
  74. ^ "Applause Tower Osaka". Skyscraper Source Media. Retrieved June 30, 2015.
  75. ^ "Applause Tower". Emporis. Retrieved June 30, 2015.
  76. ^ "Applause Tower". The Skyscraper Center. CTBUH. Retrieved June 30, 2015.
  77. ^ "Osaka Fukushima Tower". Skyscraper Source Media. Retrieved June 30, 2015.
  78. ^ "Osaka Fukushima Tower". Emporis. Retrieved June 30, 2015.
  79. ^ "Osaka Fukushima Tower". The Skyscraper Center. CTBUH. Retrieved June 30, 2015.
  80. ^ "Nakanoshima Dai Building". Skyscraper Source Media. Retrieved June 30, 2015.
  81. ^ "Nakanoshima Dai Building East". Emporis. Retrieved June 30, 2015.
  82. ^ "Nakanoshima Dai Building". The Skyscraper Center. CTBUH. Retrieved June 30, 2015.
  83. ^ "Twin 21 MID Tower". Skyscraper Source Media. Retrieved June 30, 2015.
  84. ^ "Twin 21 MID Tower". Emporis. Retrieved June 30, 2015.
  85. ^ "Twin 21 MID Tower". The Skyscraper Center. CTBUH. Retrieved June 30, 2015.
  86. ^ "TWIN 21 - OBP Panasonic Tower". Skyscraper Source Media. Retrieved June 30, 2015.
  87. ^ "Twin 21 OPB Panasonic Tower". Emporis. Retrieved June 30, 2015.
  88. ^ "Twin 21 National Tower". The Skyscraper Center. CTBUH. Retrieved June 30, 2015.
  89. ^ "OBP Castle Tower". Skyscraper Source Media. Retrieved June 30, 2015.
  90. ^ "Sumitomo Castle Tower". Emporis. Retrieved June 30, 2015.
  91. ^ "Sumitomo Castle Tower". The Skyscraper Center. CTBUH. Retrieved June 30, 2015.
  92. ^ "Crystal Tower". Skyscraper Source Media. Retrieved June 30, 2015.
  93. ^ "Crystal Tower". Emporis. Retrieved June 30, 2015.
  94. ^ "Crystal Tower". The Skyscraper Center. CTBUH. Retrieved June 30, 2015.
  95. ^ "Meiji-Yasuda Seimei Umeda Building". Skyscraper Source Media. Retrieved June 30, 2015.
  96. ^ "Yasuda Seimei Building". Emporis. Retrieved June 30, 2015.
  97. ^ "Yasuda Seimei Osaka Building". The Skyscraper Center. CTBUH. Retrieved June 30, 2015.
  98. ^ "City Tower Osaka Temma The River & Parks". Skyscraper Source Media. Retrieved June 30, 2015.
  99. ^ "City Tower Osaka Tenma The River and Parks". Emporis. Retrieved June 30, 2015.
  100. ^ "Geo Tower Tenroku". Skyscraper Source Media. Retrieved June 30, 2015.
  101. ^ "Geo Tower Tenroku". Emporis. Retrieved June 30, 2015.
  102. ^ "The Namba Tower Residence in Namba Parks". Skyscraper Source Media. Retrieved June 30, 2015.
  103. ^ "The Namba Tower". Emporis. Retrieved June 30, 2015.
  104. ^ "The Namba Tower". The Skyscraper Center. CTBUH. Retrieved June 30, 2015.
  105. ^ "GRAND FRONT OSAKA Tower C Intercontinental Hotel". Emporis. Retrieved June 30, 2015.
  106. ^ "Yodoyabashi Apple Tower Residence". Skyscraper Source Media. Retrieved June 30, 2015.
  107. ^ "Osaka Shinsaibashi Apple Tower Residence Hotel". Emporis. Retrieved June 30, 2015.
  108. ^ "Yodoyabashi Apple Tower Residence". The Skyscraper Center. CTBUH. Retrieved June 30, 2015.
  109. ^ "Osaka Metropolis Tower". Emporis. Retrieved January 30, 2018.
  110. ^ "D'Grafort Osaka N.Y Tower Higobashi". Skyscraper Source Media. Retrieved June 30, 2015.
  111. ^ "D'Grafort Osaka N.Y Tower Higobashi". Emporis. Retrieved June 30, 2015.
  112. ^ "D'Grafort Osaka N.Y. Tower Higobashi". The Skyscraper Center. CTBUH. Retrieved June 30, 2015.
  113. ^ "JR Osaka Station New North Building". Skyscraper Source Media. Retrieved June 30, 2015.
  114. ^ "Northgate Building". Emporis. Retrieved June 30, 2015.
  115. ^ "JR Osaka Station New West Building". The Skyscraper Center. CTBUH. Retrieved June 30, 2015.
  116. ^ "南港火力発電所" (in Japanese). Ministry of the Environment. Archived from the original on March 4, 2016. Retrieved January 29, 2018.
  117. ^ "多奈川第二火力発電所" (in Japanese). Ministry of the Environment. Archived from the original on March 4, 2016. Retrieved January 29, 2018.
  118. ^ "港区景点" [Minato Attractions] (in Japanese). Osaka. Retrieved June 24, 2015.
  119. ^ "Osaka Tower". Skyscraper Source Media. Retrieved June 24, 2014.
  120. ^ "Osaka Obayashi Building". SkyscraperPage.com. Retrieved September 3, 2010.
  121. ^ "Osaka Kokusai Building". Emporis.com. Retrieved January 14, 2010.
  122. ^ "Osaka Kokusai Building". SkyscraperPage.com. Retrieved January 14, 2010.
  123. ^ "Hankyu Grand Building". Emporis.com. Retrieved January 14, 2010.
  124. ^ "Hankyu Grand Building". SkyscraperPage.com. Retrieved January 14, 2010.
  125. ^ "Osaka Ekimae 3 Building". Emporis.com. Retrieved January 14, 2010.
  126. ^ "Osaka-Ekimae Daisan Building". SkyscraperPage.com. Retrieved January 14, 2010.
  127. ^ "Twin 21 National Tower". Emporis.com. Retrieved January 13, 2010.
  128. ^ "TWIN 21 - OBP Panasonic Tower". SkyscraperPage.com. Retrieved January 13, 2010.
  129. ^ "win 21 MID Tower". Emporis.com. Retrieved January 13, 2010.
  130. ^ "Twin 21 MID Tower". SkyscraperPage.com. Retrieved January 13, 2010.
  131. ^ "Sumitomo Castle Tower". Emporis.com. Retrieved January 13, 2010.
  132. ^ "OBP Castle Tower". SkyscraperPage.com. Retrieved January 13, 2010.
  133. ^ "ORC Prio Tower". Emporis.com. Retrieved January 13, 2010.
  134. ^ "Orc-200 Prio Tower". SkyscraperPage.com. Retrieved January 13, 2010.
  135. ^ "ORC 200". Emporis.com. Retrieved January 13, 2010.
  136. ^ "ORC 200". SkyscraperPage.com. Retrieved January 13, 2010.
  137. ^ "Osaka World Trade Center". Emporis.com. Retrieved January 13, 2010.
  138. ^ "Osaka World Trade Center". SkyscraperPage.com. Retrieved January 13, 2010.
  139. ^ Cooper, Chris. "Osaka Tests Tokyo Dominance With Japan's Tallest Skyscraper". Bloomberg News. Retrieved April 19, 2014.