1911 New Zealand general election

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1911 general election
← 1908 7 to 19 December 1911 1914 →
All 80 seats in the New Zealand House of Representatives
41 seats were needed for a majority
Turnout83.5%
  First party Second party Third party
 
Leader Joseph Ward William Massey Alfred Hindmarsh
Party Liberal Reform Labour
Leader since 6 August 1906 11 February 1909 July 1910
Leader's seat Awarua Franklin Wellington South
Last election 50 seats New 1 seat
Seats won 33[1] 37[1] 4[1]
Seat change Decrease 17 Increase 37 Increase 3
Popular vote 163,401 161,773 35,869
Percentage 34.23% 33.37% 7.51%
Swing Decrease14.4% Increase 33.37% Increase 2.62%
Prime Minister before election

Joseph Ward
Liberal

Prime Minister-elect

Joseph Ward
Liberal

The New Zealand general election of 1911 was held on Thursday, 7 and 14 December in the general electorates, and on Tuesday, 19 December in the Māori electorates to elect a total of 80 MPs to the 18th session of the New Zealand Parliament. A total number of 590,042 (83.5%) voters turned out to vote.[2] In two seats (Eastern Maori and Gisborne)[3] there was only one candidate (not one seat, as in Wilson [4]).

Outcome

The result was that the Liberal Party, which had won a majority of seats (50 of 80) in Parliament, lost 17 seats and its majority, winning only 33. The Reform Party gained 9 to obtain a plurality (37) of seats.[5] Liberal Prime Minister Joseph Ward was able to retain office, but in 1912, Reform Party founder William Massey formed a new government.[6]

Joseph Ward hoped to remain in power with the support of independents and Labour Party members. Several candidates before the election made commitments to support the Ward Government in the event of a no-confidence motion in the House of Representatives. Ward considered delaying a new session of the house, perhaps for six months until June 1912, but following some tough talking from the Governor-General John Dickson-Poynder, he set the date as 15 February.[7] To speed up the negotiating process, Ward promised to resign as Prime Minister after the Reform Party's no-confidence motion was defeated. The end result was even at 39 all, with the Speaker casting the deciding vote in favour of the Ward Government. Joseph Ward then resigned as Prime Minister on 28 March 1912. He was succeeded by Thomas Mackenzie and his new Cabinet was sworn in. The Mackenzie Government lasted only two months and was defeated by a no-confidence motion, 41 votes to 33 on 5 July 1912.[6]

The Second Ballot Act 1908 provided for second or runoff ballots between the top two candidates where the top candidate did not get an absolute majority. The second ballot was held seven days after the first ballot except in ten large rural seats, where fourteen days was allowed. At the 1911 election, all 30 second ballots were held seven days later. Two 1913 by-elections (Grey and Lyttelton) also required second ballots.

The Second Ballot Act did not apply to the Maori electorates, and was used only in 1908 and 1911, as it was repealed in 1913.

In 1911 were the first triennial national referendum on prohibition of alcohol. Referendums were subsequently held in conjunction with each general election (except for 1931 and 1951) until they were abolished in 1989.

Summary of results

Party totals

Election results
Party Candidates Total votes Percentage Seats won
Template:Meta color Reform 64 159,309 33.37 37
Template:Meta color Liberal 89 163,401 34.23 33
Template:Meta color Labour 20 35,869 7.51 4
Template:Meta color Socialist 8 9,091 1.90 0
Template:Meta color Independent 59 109,666 22.97 6
240 477,336 80

Votes summary

Popular Vote
Liberal
 
 34.23%
Reform
 
 33.37%
Labour
 
 7.51%
Socialist
 
 1.90%
Independents
 
 22.97%
Parliament seats
Reform
 
 46.25%
Liberal
 
 41.25%
Labour
 
 5.00%
Independents
 
 7.50%

Results

Template:1911 New Zealand general election

Summary of changes

A boundary redistribution resulted in the abolition of four electorates:[8]

At the same time, four new electorates came into being:[9][10]

  • Otago Central, first formed through the 1911 electoral redistribution
  • Raglan, previously abolished in 1870
  • Temuka, first formed through the 1911 electoral redistribution
  • Waimarino, first formed through the 1911 electoral redistribution
  • Wellington Suburbs and Country, first formed through the 1911 electoral redistribution

Notes

  1. ^ a b c Bassett 1982, p. 5.
  2. ^ "General elections 1853-2005 - dates & turnout". Elections New Zealand. Archived from the original on 14 November 2014. Retrieved 12 January 2011.
  3. ^ Bassett 1982, p. 66.
  4. ^ Wilson 1985, p. 286.
  5. ^ "General elections 1890-1993 - seats won by party" Archived 2011-11-09 at the Wayback Machine, Elections.org
  6. ^ a b Bassett 1982, p. 3-14.
  7. ^ Bassett 1982, p. 5-6.
  8. ^ McRobie 1989, pp. 71–76.
  9. ^ McRobie 1989, pp. 75f.
  10. ^ Wilson 1985, pp. 269–273.

References

  • Bassett, Michael (1982). Three Party Politics in New Zealand 1911–1931. Auckland: Historical Publications. ISBN 0-86870-006-1. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
  • McRobie, Alan (1989). Electoral Atlas of New Zealand. Wellington: GP Books. ISBN 0-477-01384-8. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
  • Wilson, James Oakley (1985) [First published in 1913]. New Zealand Parliamentary Record, 1840–1984 (4th ed.). Wellington: V.R. Ward, Govt. Printer. OCLC 154283103. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
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