Palantla Chinantec

Palantla Chinantec
Palantla Chinantec
Tlatepuzco Chinantec
Native to	Mexico
Region	Oaxaca
Ethnicity	Chinantecs
Native speakers	25,000 (2007)
Language family	Oto-Mangue Western Oto-Mangue Oto-Pame–Chinantecan Chinantec Palantla Chinantec; ; ; ;
Language codes
ISO 639-3	Either:; cpa – Palantla Chinantec; cvn – Valle Nacional Chinantec
Glottolog	pala1351 Palantla; vall1253 Valle Nacional

Palantla Chinantec, also known as Chinanteco de San Pedro Tlatepuzco, is a major Chinantecan language of Mexico, spoken in San Juan Palantla and a couple dozen neighboring towns in northern Oaxaca. The variety of San Mateo Yetla, known as Valle Nacional Chinantec, has marginal mutual intelligibility.

A grammar and a dictionary have been published.^[2]^[3]

The language is unusual in having, for some speakers, a three-way contrast between non-nasalized, lightly nasalized, and heavily nasalized vowels.^[4]

Phonology

Vowels

	Front	Central	Back
Close	i		ɯ	u
Mid	ɛ		ɤ	o
Open		a

Close vowels /i u/ typically are articulated as more open [ɪ ʊ] and are realized as more closed when represented by different tones. The close back vowel /ɯ/ tends to be articulated as [ə] when present in vowel clusters following /u/, or when preceding the /j/ consonant, and may also have a higher central sound. The mid back vowel /ɤ/ tends to be articulated as [ɜ] or [ɨ] when preceding a /w/ consonant. The low central vowel /a/ tends to be realized as [ɐ] following /i/ when one of the consonants /t l n/ occurs.

Each vowel can be nasalized as /ĩ ɯ̃ ũ ɛ̃ ɤ̃ õ ã/.

Stress tones may include either high or low /v́ v̀/ tones.^[5]^[2]

Consonants

		Labial	Alveolar	Palatal	Velar	Glottal
Plosive	voiceless	p	t		k	ʔ
Plosive	voiced	b	d		ɡ
Affricate	voiceless		t͡s
Affricate	voiced		d͡z
Rhotic			r
Fricative		ɸ	s			h
Nasal		m	n		ŋ
Approximant		w	l	j

References

^ Palantla Chinantec at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
Valle Nacional Chinantec at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
^ ^a ^b Merrifield, William R. 1968. Palantla Chinantec grammar. Papeles de la Chinantla 5, Serie Científica 9.México: Museo Nacional de Antropología. [1]
^ Merrifield, William R. and Alfred E. Anderson. 2007. Diccionario Chinanteco de la diáspora del pueblo antiguo de San Pedro Tlatepuzco, Oaxaca. [2nd Edition]. Serie de vocabularios y diccionarios indígenas “Mariano Silva y Aceves” 39. Mexico DF: Summer Linguistic Institute. [2].
^ Juliette Blevins (2004). Evolutionary Phonology: The Emergence of Sound Patterns. Cambridge University Press. p. 203.
^ Merrifield, William R. (1963). Palantla Chinantec Syllable Types. Anthropological Linguistics Vol. 5, No. 5: Anthropological Linguistics. pp. 1–16.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location (link)

[e18-1] Palantla Chinantec at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
Valle Nacional Chinantec at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)

[:0-2] Merrifield, William R. 1968. Palantla Chinantec grammar. Papeles de la Chinantla 5, Serie Científica 9.México: Museo Nacional de Antropología. [1]

[MA2007-3] Merrifield, William R. and Alfred E. Anderson. 2007. Diccionario Chinanteco de la diáspora del pueblo antiguo de San Pedro Tlatepuzco, Oaxaca. [2nd Edition]. Serie de vocabularios y diccionarios indígenas “Mariano Silva y Aceves” 39. Mexico DF: Summer Linguistic Institute. [2].

[4] Juliette Blevins (2004). Evolutionary Phonology: The Emergence of Sound Patterns. Cambridge University Press. p. 203.

[5] Merrifield, William R. (1963). Palantla Chinantec Syllable Types. Anthropological Linguistics Vol. 5, No. 5: Anthropological Linguistics. pp. 1–16.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location (link)

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