Legislative Yuan elections
In Taiwan, elections are held every four years to elect the 113 members of the Legislative Yuan, the unicameral legislature of Taiwan. The current electoral system was introduced in 2008. The constitutional amendments of 2005 extended term length from three to four years, reduced seat count from 225 to 113.
Current electoral system
Members are elected by parallel voting:
- 73 members by first-past-the-post in single-member districts
- 6 by single non-transferable voting in multi-member districts, exclusive for persons with indigenous status
- 34 by party-list proportional representation voting
Single-member constituencies
The delimitation of the single-member constituencies within the cities and counties was initially a major political issue in the early years, with bargaining between the government and the legislature. Of the 15 cities and counties to be partitioned (the ten others have only one seat), only seven of the districting schemes proposed by the CEC were approved in a normal way. The eight other schemes were decided by drawing lots: "Taipei and Taichung cities and Miaoli and Changhua counties will adopt the version suggested by the CEC, while Kaohsiung city will follow the consensus of the legislature. Taipei county will follow the proposal offered by the opposition Taiwan Solidarity Union, Taoyuan county will adopt the ruling Democratic Progressive Party's scheme, and Pingtung county will use the scheme agreed upon by the Non-partisan Solidarity Union, People First Party, Kuomintang and Taiwan Solidarity Union."[1]
Under the Article 35 and 37 of the Civil Servants Election and Recall Act, the electoral constituencies are to be revised every ten years based on population of quota by the end of two years and two months before the tenure of current legislators ends, which is obtained by household investigation. The Central Election Commission reviews the boundaries then submit the proposal of altering electoral districts to the Legislative Yuan 20 months before the election for final consent and announcement.
Indigenous districts
Six seats are reserved for indigenous peoples. They are elected by single non-transferable vote in two 3-member constituencies for lowland aborigines and highland aborigines respectively. This system did not fulfil the promise in the treaty-like document A New Partnership Between the Indigenous Peoples and the Government of Taiwan, where each of the 13 recognised indigenous peoples was to get at least one seat, and the distinction between highland and lowland abolished.
Party-list
Seats are allocated using the largest remainder method with the Hare quota which, with 34 seats, is 2.9412%. A party's vote share must exceed a threshold of 5% to win any seats. Votes for parties which do not pass the threshold are first excluded. The vote share for the remaining parties are calculated. A party is allocated one seat for every 2.9412% of votes. The remaining seats are allocated in succession to the party with the largest remainder.
For each party, at least half of the legislators elected under this system must be female. Therefore, with an odd number of seats, females will always outnumber males.
List of Legislative Yuan elections
| LY | Year | First party | Status | Seat composition | Popular vote (Party list vote from 2008) | Parties (by seat count) | |
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| 10 | 2020 | style="background-color:Template:Democratic Progressive Party/meta/color; width: 1px;" | | Democratic Progressive Party |  Majority (61/113)
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| 9 | 2016 | style="background-color:Template:Democratic Progressive Party/meta/color; width: 1px;" | | Democratic Progressive Party |  Majority (68/113)
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| 8 | 2012 | style="background-color:Template:Kuomintang/meta/color; width: 1px;" | | Kuomintang | Majority (64/113)
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| 7 | 2008 | style="background-color:Template:Kuomintang/meta/color; width: 1px;" | | Kuomintang | Majority (81/113)
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| 6 | 2004 | style="background-color:Template:Democratic Progressive Party/meta/color; width: 1px;" | | Democratic Progressive Party | Minority (89/225)
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| 5 | 2001 | style="background-color:Template:Democratic Progressive Party/meta/color; width: 1px;" | | Democratic Progressive Party | Minority (87/225)
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| 4 | 1998 | style="background-color:Template:Kuomintang/meta/color; width: 1px;" | | Kuomintang | Majority (123/225)
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| 3 | 1995 | style="background-color:Template:Kuomintang/meta/color; width: 1px;" | | Kuomintang | Majority (85/161)
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| 2 | 1992 | style="background-color:Template:Kuomintang/meta/color; width: 1px;"| | Kuomintang | Majority (95/161) |
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| LY | Year | Date | Seats | Main article | Same Day? | |
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| 1 | supp. | 1969 | December 20 | 11 | 1969 Taiwan legislative election | with National Assembly |
| 1st supp. | 1972 | December 23 | 51 | 1972 Taiwan legislative election | with National Assembly | |
| 2nd supp. | 1975 | December 20 | 52 | 1975 Taiwan legislative election | no | |
| 3rd supp. | 1980 | December 6 | 97 | 1980 Taiwan legislative election | with National Assembly | |
| 4th supp. | 1983 | December 3 | 98 | 1983 Taiwan legislative election | no | |
| 5th supp. | 1986 | December 6 | 100 | 1986 Taiwan legislative election | with National Assembly | |
| 6th supp. | 1989 | December 2 | 130 | 1989 Taiwan legislative election | no | |
List of National Assembly elections in Taiwan
The National Assembly was another government organ that, along with the Legislative Yuan and Control Yuan (before 1992), was seen to constitute the Parliament in Taiwan. Following the constitutional reforms in the 1990s, the National Assembly was streamlined in 2000 and fully defunct in 2005.
| Order | Year | Date | Seats | Main article | |
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| 1st | supp. | 1969 | December 20 | 15 | 1969 Taiwanese legislative election |
| 1st supp. | 1972 | December 23 | 53 | 1972 Taiwanese legislative election | |
| 2nd supp. | 1980 | December 6 | 100 | 1980 Taiwanese legislative election | |
| 3rd supp. | 1986 | December 6 | 100 | 1986 Taiwanese legislative election | |
| 2nd | 1991 | December 22 | 325 | 1991 Taiwan National Assembly election | |
| 3rd | 1996 | March 23 | 334 | 1996 Taiwan National Assembly election | |
| ad hoc | 2005 | May 14 | 300 | 2005 Taiwan National Assembly election | |
| NA | Year | First party | Status | Seat composition | Popular vote | Parties (in order of seats) | |
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| 2 | 1991 | style="background-color:Template:Kuomintang/meta/color; width: 1px;"| | Kuomintang | Majority (254/325) |
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| 3 | 1996 | style="background-color:Template:Kuomintang/meta/color; width: 1px;"| | Kuomintang | Majority (183/334)
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| ad hoc | 2005 | style="background-color:Template:Democratic Progressive Party/meta/color; width: 1px;"| | Democratic Progressive Party | Minority (127/300)
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See also
- Legislative Yuan constituencies
- Politics of Taiwan
- Presidential elections in Taiwan
- Elections in Taiwan
References
- ^ January 31, 2007.CEC Completes Legislative Constituency Redistricting Archived 2007-09-28 at the Wayback Machine. Taiwan Headlines. Retrieved on 2008-01-12.
