Timeline of Maastricht
The following is a timeline of the history of the municipality of Maastricht, Netherlands.
Roman Period
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- circa 10 BC - Construction of Roman main road from Cologne to the coast (Via Belgica).
- 1st half of 1st century AD - Maastricht Roman bridge built; gradual development of settlement on both sides of the river Meuse.
- ca. 150 - Construction of Roman baths and walled sanctuary (with a 9 meter sculpted Jupiter column).
- ca. 270 - Destruction of Roman Maastricht by invading Germanic tribes.
- 333 - Roman Castellum, Maastricht (fortress) built.
- 384 - Death of Saint Servatius in Maastricht (traditional); establishment of Roman Catholic Diocese of Maastricht (uncertain; this may have happened in the 6th c. only).[1]
Middle Ages
- ca. 570 - Bishop Monulph builds a large stone church on the grave of Saint Servatius.
- ca. 590-670 - At least twelve royal mint masters active in Maastricht.
- 595 - Childebert II in Maastricht.
- 667-670 - Childeric II in Maastricht.
- 690-695 - Clovis IV in Maastricht.
- ca. 700 - Murder of Lambert of Maastricht.
- 720 - Seat of the Maastricht diocese moved to Liège (traditional date; this may have happened later in the 8th/9th c.).
- late 8th/early 9th c. - Alcuin and Einhard (lay) abbots of Saint Servatius.
- 881 - Sack of Maastricht by Vikings.[2]
- 1001 - Reburial of Charles, Duke of Lower Lorraine in the crypt of the church of Saint Servatius.
- 11th/12th c. - Chapter of Saint Servatius at its apogee; at least five provosts were chancellors of the Holy Roman Empire; collegiate churches of Saint Servatius and Our Lady renewed.
- 1204 - Siege of Maastricht (1204) by Hugues de Pierrepont, prince-bishop of Liège, and Louis II, Count of Loon; Maastricht condominium established between Liège and Brabant.
- 1229 - Duke of Brabant gives permission to replace the earthen defence works by stone city wall.
- 1230 - Order of St Mary Magdalene ("white nuns") establish monastery in Maastricht (until 1796).
- 1234 - Franciscans establish a monastery in Maastricht (throughout the ages around twenty Franciscan monasteries existed in Maastricht, including Third Order monasteries).
- ca. 1240 - Hospital Brothers of St. Anthony establish monastery ('commandry') in Maastricht (until 1783).
- ca. 1250 - Dominicans and Augustinians establish monasteries in Maastricht (until 1796).
- 1251 - First mention of Nieuwenhof beguinage, later turned into several monasteries of Third Order Franciscan nuns and friars.
- 1275 - Roman bridge collapses during a procession; many drowned.
- 1280-98 - Sint Servaasbrug (bridge) built.
- 1282 - Teutonic Order establish a commandry in Maastricht (until 1796).
- mid-14th century - second Medieval city wall built, enlarging the city surface by 400%.
- 1376 - first mention of Saint Andrew Monastery, first a beguinage, later a monastery of Third Order Franciscan nuns.
- 1391 - First recorded instance of the seven-yearly Pilgrimage of the Relics.
- 1407/08 - Siege of Maastricht (1407/08) by Liège rebels.
- 1438 - Crosier Monastery, Maastricht established (until 1796)
- ca. 1470 - Dinghuis courthouse built.
- 1476 - Beyart established, monastery of Third Order Franciscan nuns.
16th–18th century
- 1535 - Fifteen anabaptists burned in Vrijthof.
- 1551 - Jacob Bathen starts printing and publishing business.[3]
- 1566 - Beeldenstorm in Maastricht; several churches looted by fanatic Protestants.
- 1570 - Jesuits establish a monastery and a college (1575).
- 1576 - Sack of Maastricht by Spanish troops and German mercenaries.
- 1579 - Siege of Maastricht (1579) by Spanish forces, followed by three-day sack; all Protestants killed or expelled.[4]
- 1632 - Capture of Maastricht by Dutch forces;[5][6] equal rights for Protestants and Catholics; several churches ceded to Protestants.
- 1638 - Maastricht Treason: 22 traitors accused of helping the Spanish in recapturing the city; nine are executed.
- 1659-83 - Maastricht City Hall built (opening in 1664).[4]
- 1662 - Municipal library founded.[7][8]
- 1673 - Siege of Maastricht (1673) by French forces.[4]
- 1678 - Peace of Nijmegen: French vacate the city; Dutch in power.[5]
- 1748 - Siege of Maastricht (1748) by French forces; occupation lasted only a few months.[4]
- 1789 - Bonbonnière theatre opens.
- 1793 - Siege of Maastricht (1793) by French forces (failed).
- 1794 - Capture of Maastricht (1794) by French forces.[4]
- 1795 - Maastricht becomes capital of the French Meuse-Inférieure département as part of the First French Empire.
- 1796 - Suppression of the monasteries and religious chapters in Maastricht; parish churches remain open if priests take the Oath of Hatred.
19th century
- 1805 - Generaalshuis (now a theater) built in Vrijthof.
- 1811 - General Cemetery Tongerseweg established (including Jewish Cemetery, Maastricht).
- 1815 - Maastricht becomes capital of the Province of Limburg, as part of the United Kingdom of the Netherlands.
- 1822 - Société des Amis des Sciences, Lettres et Arts founded.[9]
- 1824 - Population: 20,271.[10]
- 1826 - Zuid-Willemsvaart (canal), including Bassin (Maastricht) (port) opened.
- 1834 - Petrus Regout manufacturer of glass and pottery in business.[11]
- 1837 - Maastricht City Park in use.
- 1838 - Saint Nicholas Church, Maastricht demolished.
- 1840 - Maastricht Synagogue built.[12]
- 1850 - Luik-Maastricht Canal dug.
- 1851 - Le Courrier de la Meuse French-language newspaper begins publication.
- 1853 - Aken-Maastrichtsche Spoorweg-Maatschappij (railway) begins operating.[13]
- 1859 - Saint Martin's Church, Maastricht built.[4]
- 1861 - Liège–Maastricht railway begins operating.
- 1863 - Société Céramique manufactory in business.
- 1865 - Maastricht–Venlo railway begins operating.
- 1866 - Population: 28,495.[14]
- 1871 - Advertentieblad voor Limburg newspaper begins publication.[9]
- 1877 - Population: 29,083.[15]
- 1878 - Fortifications dismantled.[4]
- 1881 - Limburg State Archives headquartered in Maastricht, in the Oude Minderbroederskerk (Maastricht).[16]
- 1884 - Bonnefantenmuseum established (as a museum of archaeology and local history).
- 1886 - Courrier du Limbourg newspaper begins publication.[17]
20th century
- 1902 - MVV Maastricht football club formed.
- 1912 - Maastricht Natural History Museum founded.
- 1915 - Maastricht railway station opens (current station; it had four predecessors).
- 1916 - Saint Lambert Church built.
- 1919 - Population: 41,305.[18]
- 1926 - Eerste Nederlandse Cement Industrie factory begins operating.
- 1929 - Limburg Historical and Antiquarian Society established.
- 1932 - Wilhelmina Bridge built.
- 1935 - Juliana Canal opened.
Liberation of Maastricht on 14 September 1944 - 1940, 10 May - Battle of Maastricht; Germans in power.
- 1944, 13th/14th September - US allied forces liberate the city.
- 1945 - Maastricht Aachen Airport begins operating.
- 1948 - Jan Van Eyck Academie established.
- 1950 - Maastricht Academy of Dramatic Arts established.
- 1951 - Bonnefanten Museum active on Avenue Céramique.
- 1959 - Maastricht Academy of Fine Arts active.
- 1960 - Population: 90,202.
- 1961 - De Geusselt stadium built.
- 1962 - Maastricht Academy of Music established.
- 1968 - John F. Kennedy Bridge, Maastricht opens.[19]
- 1973 - Museum aan het Vrijthof established.
- 1976 - Maastricht University opens.[20]
- 1987 - Maastricht Randwyck railway station and Lumiere Cinema[21] open.
- 1988 - The European Fine Art Fair (TEFAF) begins; Museumkelder Derlon opens.
- 1990 - Population: 117,008.
- 1991 - Academic Hospital Maastricht opens.
- 1992 - 7 February: International Maastricht Treaty signed in city;[11] Theater aan het Vrijthof opens.
- 1995 - Bonnefantenmuseum moves to new building by Aldo Rossi.
- 1999 - Centre Céramique (library and arts centre) opens.
21st century
- 2002 - Gerd Leers becomes mayor; Mestreechs Volksleed officially adopted as the city's anthem.
- 2003 - Hoge Brug (pedestrian bridge) opens.
- 2005 - Limburg Regional History Centre headquartered in city.[1]
- 2006 - Entre Deux shopping mall rebuilt; Selexyz bookshop in adjacent Dominican Church, Maastricht.
- 2010 - Onno Hoes becomes first openly gay mayor of Maastricht.
- 2013 - Maastricht Noord railway station opens.
- 2014 - Population: 121,906 municipality; 182,721 metro.
- 2015 - Annemarie Penn-te Strake becomes first female mayor of Maastricht.
- 2016 - Koning Willem-Alexandertunnel officially opened.
See also
- Maastricht history
- History of Maastricht
- List of mayors of Maastricht
- List of rijksmonuments in Maastricht
- Other names of Maastricht
- Timelines of other municipalities in the Netherlands: Amsterdam, Breda, Delft, Eindhoven, Groningen, Haarlem, The Hague, 's-Hertogenbosch, Leiden, Nijmegen, Rotterdam, Utrecht
References
- ^ "Chronology of Catholic Dioceses: The Netherlands". Norway: Roman Catholic Diocese of Oslo. Retrieved 30 October 2015.
- ^ Adriaan Verhulst [in Dutch] (1999). The Rise of Cities in North-West Europe. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-46909-8.
- ^ P. J. H. Ubachs (2000). Handboek voor de geschiedenis van Limburg [Handbook of the history of Limburg] (in Dutch). Uitgeverij Verloren. ISBN 90-6550-097-9.
- ^ a b c d e f g Britannica 1910.
- ^ a b Haydn 1910.
- ^ Myron P. Gutmann (1980). "Chronology of Military and Political Events in the Basse-Meuse (1620- )". War and Rural Life in the Early Modern Low Countries. Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-1-4008-5529-2.
{{cite book}}: External link in|chapterurl=|chapterurl=ignored (|chapter-url=suggested) (help) - ^ Paul Schneiders (1998). "Libraries in the Netherlands" (PDF). IFLA Journal. 24. International Federation of Library Associations.
- ^ Flament 1888.
- ^ a b Heijde 2002.
- ^ Société des Amis des Sciences, Lettres et Arts. Annuaire de la province de Limbourg ... 1825 (in French). Maastricht: L. Th. Nypels.
- ^ a b Joop W. Koopmans; Arend H. Huussen Jr. (2007). Historical Dictionary of the Netherlands (2nd ed.). Scarecrow Press. ISBN 978-0-8108-6444-3.
- ^ "Maastricht". Four Hundred Years of Dutch Jewry. Amsterdam: Joods Historisch Museum. Retrieved 30 October 2015.
- ^ J.W. Sluiter (1967). Beknopt overzicht van de nederlandse sppor en tramwegbedrijven [Brief overview of Dutch railway and tramway companies] (in Dutch). Brill.
- ^ "Netherlands". Statesman's Year-Book. London: Macmillan and Co. 1869.
{{cite book}}: External link in|chapterurl=|chapterurl=ignored (|chapter-url=suggested) (help) - ^ Verslag van den toestand van het hertogdom Limburg in het jaar 1877 [Report of the condition of the Duchy of Limburg in the year 1877] (in Dutch), Maastricht: Henri Bogaerts, 1878
- ^ "Historie Minderbroederskerk" (in Dutch). Regionaal Historisch Centrum Limburg. Retrieved 30 October 2015.
- ^ Jan van de Plasse (2005). Kroniek van de Nederlandse dagblad- en opiniepers (in Dutch). Otto Cramwinckel. ISBN 978-90-75727-77-7. (timeline)
- ^ "Netherlands". Statesman's Year-Book. London: Macmillan and Co. 1921 – via HathiTrust.
{{cite book}}: External link in|chapterurl=|chapterurl=ignored (|chapter-url=suggested) (help) - ^ "Bruggen database: Limburg: Maastricht" [Database of Bridges] (in Dutch). Rijswijk: Nederlandse Bruggenstichting. Retrieved 30 October 2015.
- ^ Walter Rüegg [in German], ed. (2011). "Universities founded in Europe between 1945 and 1995". Universities Since 1945. History of the University in Europe. Vol. 4. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-1-139-49425-0.
{{cite book}}: External link in|chapterurl=|chapterurl=ignored (|chapter-url=suggested) (help) - ^ "Movie Theaters in Maastricht, Netherlands". CinemaTreasures.org. Los Angeles: Cinema Treasures LLC. Retrieved 30 October 2015.
This article incorporates information from the Dutch Wikipedia.
Bibliography
in English
- published in the 18th-19th century
- Thomas Nugent (1749), "Maestricht", The Grand Tour, vol. 1: Netherlands, London: S. Birt
{{citation}}: External link in|chapterurl=|chapterurl=ignored (|chapter-url=suggested) (help) - Abraham Rees (1819), "Maestricht, a town in France", The Cyclopaedia, London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme & Brown
{{citation}}: External link in|chapterurl=|chapterurl=ignored (|chapter-url=suggested) (help) - "Maestricht". Galignani's Traveller's Guide through Holland and Belgium (4th ed.). Paris: A. and W. Galignani. 1822.
{{cite book}}: External link in|chapterurl=|chapterurl=ignored (|chapter-url=suggested) (help) - William Henry Overall, ed. (1870). "Maestricht". Dictionary of Chronology. London: William Tegg.
{{cite book}}: External link in|chapterurl=|chapterurl=ignored (|chapter-url=suggested) (help) - "Maestricht", Handbook for Travellers in Holland and Belgium (20th ed.), London: John Murray, 1881
{{citation}}: External link in|chapterurl=|chapterurl=ignored (|chapter-url=suggested) (help)
- published in the 20th century
- "Maestricht". Chambers's Encyclopaedia. London. 1901.
{{cite book}}: External link in|chapterurl=|chapterurl=ignored (|chapter-url=suggested) (help)CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - "Maastricht", Belgium and Holland (15th ed.), Leipzig: Karl Baedeker, 1910
{{citation}}: External link in|chapterurl=|chapterurl=ignored (|chapter-url=suggested) (help) - "Maastricht", Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.), New York, 1910, OCLC 14782424 – via Internet Archive
{{citation}}: External link in|chapterurl=|chapterurl=ignored (|chapter-url=suggested) (help)CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - Benjamin Vincent (1910), "Maestricht", Haydn's Dictionary of Dates (25th ed.), London: Ward, Lock & Co.
{{citation}}: External link in|chapterurl=|chapterurl=ignored (|chapter-url=suggested) (help)
- published in the 21st century
- Colum Hourihane, ed. (2012). "Maastricht". Grove Encyclopedia of Medieval Art and Architecture. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-539536-5.
{{cite book}}: External link in|chapterurl=|chapterurl=ignored (|chapter-url=suggested) (help)
in other languages
- Philippe Vandermaelen (1835). "Maestricht". Dictionnaire géographique du Limbourg (in French). Établissement géographique de Bruxelles.
{{cite book}}: External link in|chapterurl=|chapterurl=ignored (|chapter-url=suggested) (help) - Abraham Jacob van der Aa (1846). "Maastricht". Aardrijkskundig woordenboek der Nederlanden [Geographical dictionary of the Netherlands] (in Dutch). Vol. 7. Gorinchem: Jacobus Noorduyn – via HathiTrust.
{{cite book}}: External link in|chapterurl=|chapterurl=ignored (|chapter-url=suggested) (help) - Auguste Jean Flament, ed. (1888). Catalogus der Stadsbibliotheek van Maastricht (in Dutch). Maastricht: J. Germain & cie.
- Henri Zondervan [in Dutch], ed. (1919), "Maastricht", Winkler Prins' Geillustreerde Encyclopaedie (in Dutch), vol. 11 (4th ed.), Amsterdam: Uitgevers-Maatschappy „Elsevier“
{{citation}}: External link in|chapterurl=|chapterurl=ignored (|chapter-url=suggested) (help) - G. van Herwijnen, ed. (1978). "Limburg: Maastricht". Bibliografie van de stedengeschiedenis van Nederland [Bibliography of Urban History in the Netherlands] (in Dutch). Brill. ISBN 90-04-05700-5.
{{cite book}}: External link in|chapterurl=|chapterurl=ignored (|chapter-url=suggested) (help) - Marina Kessels-van der Heijde (2002). Maastricht, Maestricht, Mestreech: de taalverhoudingen tussen Nederlands, Frans en Maastrichts in de negentiende eeuw (in Dutch). Hilversum: Uitgeverij Verloren. ISBN 90-6550-713-2.
- P. Ubachs; I. Evers (2005). Historische encyclopedie Maastricht (in Dutch). Zutphen: Walburg Pers. ISBN 90-5730-399-X.
{{cite book}}: Unknown parameter|lastauthoramp=ignored (|name-list-style=suggested) (help) - Caspar Cillekens; Wim Dijkman (2006). 20 eeuwen Maastricht (in Dutch). Nijmegen: BnM.
{{cite book}}: Unknown parameter|lastauthoramp=ignored (|name-list-style=suggested) (help) - P. Ubachs; I. Evers (2006). Tweeduizend jaar Maastricht: een stadsgeschiedenis (in Dutch). Zutphen: Walburg Pers. ISBN 90-5730-441-4.
{{cite book}}: Unknown parameter|lastauthoramp=ignored (|name-list-style=suggested) (help)
External links
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Maastricht.
- Europeana. Items related to Maastricht, various dates.
- Digital Public Library of America. Items related to Maastricht, various dates
