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2021 Japanese general election

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Next Japanese general election
← 2017 On or before 22 October 2021
All 465 seats to the House of Representatives of Japan
233 seats needed for a majority
Opinion polls
 
Leader Shinzō Abe Yukio Edano Yuichiro Tamaki
Party Liberal Democratic Constitutional Democratic Democratic Party for the People
Leader since 26 September 2012 2 October 2017 7 May 2018
Leader's seat Yamaguchi-4th Saitama-5th Kagawa-2nd
Last election 284 seats, 33.28% 55 seats, 19.88% New party[a]
Current seats 283 68 40
Seats needed Steady Increase165 Increase193
 
Leader Natsuo Yamaguchi Kazuo Shii Ichirō Matsui
Toranosuke Katayama
Party Komeito Communist Ishin
Leader since 8 September 2009 24 November 2000 2 November 2015
Leader's seat Not contesting
(Councillor) 		Minami-Kantō PR Not contesting
(Mayor of Osaka)
Last election 29 seats, 12.51% 12 seats, 7.90% 11 seats, 6.07%
Current seats 29 12 11
Seats needed Increase204 Increase221 N/A[b]
 
Leader Mizuho Fukushima Nariaki Nakayama Takashi Tachibana
Party Social Democratic Kibō no Tō The Party to Protect the People from NHK
Leader since 22 February 2020 28 May 2019 17 June 2013
Leader's seat Not contesting
(Councillor) 		Kyūshū PR None
Last election 2 seats, 1.69% New party[c] Did not contest
Current seats 2 2 1
Seats needed Increase231 Increase231 Increase232
Parliamentary districts not including proportional blocks
Incumbent Prime Minister

Shinzō Abe
Liberal Democratic



The 49th general election of members of the House of Representatives (Japanese: 第49回衆議院議員総選挙, Hepburn: dai-yonjūkyūkai Shūgiin giin sōsenkyo) is scheduled on or before 22 October 2021, as required by the Constitution of Japan. Voting will take place in all Representatives constituencies of Japan including proportional blocks, in order to appoint Members of Diet to seats in the House of Representatives, the lower house of the National Diet of Japan. As the cabinet has to resign after a general House of Representatives election in the first post-election Diet session (Constitution, Article 70), the lower house election will also lead to a new designation election of the Prime Minister in the Diet, and the appointment of a new cabinet (even if the same ministers are re-appointed).

Election date

Under the post-occupation interpretation of Article 7 of the Constitution, the cabinet may instruct the Emperor to dissolve the House of Representatives before the end of term at will. Elections must be held within 40 days after dissolution.

The only time in postwar history that the House of Representatives was not dissolved before the end of its term was in 1976. If the House of Representatives completes a full four-year term, the election must be held within 30 days before that.[1]

Current composition

Composition of the House of Representatives of Japan
(as of August 28, 2024, before 214th National Diet)[2]
elected by 2021 Japanese general election (term: 31 October 2021 – 30 October 2025 or earlier dissolution)
In-House Groups
[innai] kaiha 		Parties Seats
by parties 		Seats
Government 289
Liberal Democratic Party
Jiyūminshutō / Mushozoku no Kai
Liberal Democratic Party / Association of independents 		Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) 256 257
Independent 1
Komeito
Kōmeitō		 Komeito 32 32
Opposition 168
The Constitutional Democratic Party of Japan
Rikken Minshutō・Mushozoku
Constitutional Democratic Party / Independents 		Constitutional Democratic Party (CDP) 97 99
Social Democratic Party (SDP) 1
Independent 1
Nippon Ishin (Japan Innovation Party) and Free Education For All
Nippon Ishin no Kai / Kyōiku mushō-ka o jitsugen suru Kai
Nippon Ishin no Kai / Free Education For All 		Nippon Ishin no Kai 41 45
Free Education For All 4
Japanese Communist Party
Nihon Kyōsantō		 Japanese Communist Party (JCP) 10 10
Democratic Party for the People
Kokumin Minshutō・Mushozoku Club
Democratic Party for the People / Independent Club		 Democratic Party For the People (DPFP) 7 7
Yūshi no Kai
Yūshi no Kai		 Independent 4 4
Reiwa Shinsengumi
Reiwa Shinsengumi		 Reiwa Shinsengumi 3 3
Independents (government or opposition) 7
Independents (not member of a caucus)
Mushozoku 		LDP (Speaker: Fukushiro Nukaga) 1
CDP (Vice-Speaker: Banri Kaieda) 1
Independents (not member of a party) 5
Total 464
Vacant
Ketsuin 		proportional seat: one LDP list seat from Hokkaidō (scheduled runner-up replacement: Kazuo Maeda)[3] 1

Opinion polls

Main article: Opinion polling for the next Japanese general election

See also

Notes

  1. ^ Democratic Party merged with Kibō no Tō in May 2018, forming the Democratic Party for the People.
  2. ^ The party only runs candidates in Osaka Prefecture, and as such is unable to obtain enough seats for a majority alone.
  3. ^ After the DPFP merger, Kibō was re-established in a new form.

References

  1. ^ "公職選挙法". Archived from the original on 2016-07-29. Retrieved 2017-10-26.
  2. ^ "会派名及び会派別所属議員数". 衆議院　The House of Representatives, Japan. Retrieved 2024-04-24. (Japanese), retrieved August 30, 2024.
  3. ^ Hokkaidō Shimbun, August 29, 2024: 前田道議、繰り上げ当選辞退を正式表明　堀井衆院議員辞職で, retrieved August 30, 2024.
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