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Chojnów

Coordinates: 51°16′N 15°56′E / 51.267°N 15.933°E / 51.267; 15.933
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For other uses, see Chojnów (disambiguation).
"Haynau" redirects here. For the Austrian general, please see, see Julius Jacob von Haynau.
Chojnów
Market Square, Castle, Park, Cultural center, Weavers Tower
Market Square, Castle, Park, Cultural center, Weavers Tower
Flag of Chojnów
Flag
Coat of arms of Chojnów
Coat of arms
Chojnów is located in Lower Silesian Voivodeship
Chojnów
Chojnów
Chojnów is located in Poland
Chojnów
Chojnów
Coordinates: 51°16′N 15°56′E / 51.267°N 15.933°E / 51.267; 15.933
Country Poland
Voivodeship Lower Silesian
CountyLegnica
GminaChojnów (urban gmina)
Established14th century
Town rights1333
Government
 • MayorJan Serkies
Area
 • Total5.32 km2 (2.05 sq mi)
Elevation
170 m (560 ft)
Population
 (2019-06-30[1])
 • Total13,355
 • Density2,500/km2 (6,500/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+1 (CET)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+2 (CEST)
Postal code
59-224, 59-225
Area code+48 76
Car platesDLE
Websitechojnow.eu

Chojnów [ˈxɔjnuf] ⓘ (German: Haynau) (Silesian German:Hoyn) is a small town in Legnica County, Lower Silesian Voivodeship, in south-western Poland. It is located on the Skora river, a tributary of the Kaczawa at an average altitude of 170 m (560 ft) above sea level. Chojnów is the administrative seat of the rural gmina called Gmina Chojnów, although the town is not part of its territory and forms a separate urban gmina. As of 2019 it had 13,355 inhabitants.

Chojnów is located 18 km (11 mi) west of Legnica, 26 km (16 mi) east from Bolesławiec and 18 km (11 mi) north of Złotoryja, 5 km (3.1 mi) from the A4 motorway. It has railroad connections to Bolesławiec and Legnica.

Heraldry

Coat of arms of the Chojnów has is a blue escutcheon. On the dial there is a tower with three bastions of white colour. The central tower has two Windows, and one side. On the towers is located on the right side of the Moon and Sun on the left. In the gate of the Silesian Eagle on a yellow background. The Motto of Chojnów is "Friendly City".

Geography

Chojnów is located in the Central-Western part of the Lower Silesia region. The Skora (Leather) River flows through the town in a westerly direction. The city of Chojnów is 5.32 km2 (2.05 sq mi) in area, including 41% agricultural land.

Chojnów has a connection with the major cities of the country (road and rail) and located 5 kilometres (3 miles) south of Chojnów has the A4 Autostrada. To the South of the town is the surrounding Chojnowska Plain.

History

Piast Castle in Chojnów

The town is first mentioned in a Latin mediaeval document issued in Wrocław on February 26, 1253, stating, the Silesian Duke Henry III when the town is mentioned under the name Honowo.[2][3] Possible the name of nearby Hainau Island.[citation needed] The name is of Polish origin, and in more modern records from the 19th century, the Polish name appears as Hajnów,[4][5] while Haynau is the Germanized version of the original Polish name.[6]

The settlement of Haynow was mentioned in a 1272 deed. It was already called a civitas in a 1288 document issued by the Piast duke Henry V of Legnica, and officially received town privileges in 1333 from Duke Bolesław III the Generous.[5] It was part of the duchies of Wrocław, Głogów and Legnica of fragmented Poland and remained under the rule of the Piast dynasty until 1675. Its population was predominantly Polish.[7] In 1292 the first castellan of Chojnów, Bronisław Budziwojowic, was mentioned. In the 14th and early 15th centuries Chojnów was granted various privileges, including staple right and gold mining right, thanks to which it flourished.[7]

The town survived the Hussites, who burned almost the entire town center and castle, but it quickly helped recover its former glory. The largest boom Chojnów experienced was in the 16th century, however by the end of that century began to decline due to fires and epidemic, which claimed many victims in 1613. During the Thirty Years War (1618–1648), there was another outbreak in the city, it was occupied by the Austrians and Swedes[7] and in 1642 it was also plundered by the Swedes.[5] It remained part of the Piast-ruled Duchy of Legnica until its dissolution in 1675, when it was incorporated to Habsburg-ruled Bohemia.

Early 20th-century view of the Piast Park

In the 18th century, cloth production developed and a clothmaking school was established in the town.[7] One of two main routes connecting Warsaw and Dresden ran through the town in the 18th century and Kings Augustus II the Strong and Augustus III of Poland traveled that route numerous times.[8] In 1740 the town was captured by Prussia and subsequently annexed in 1742. In 1804 it suffered a flood.[7] During the Napoleonic wars there were more epidemics. In 1813 in Chojnów, Napoleon Bonaparte issued instructions regarding the reorganization of the 8th Polish Corps of Prince Józef Poniatowski. The event is commemorated by a plaque in the facade of the Piast Castle. A railway line was opened in the 19th century. Sewer, Gas lighting a Newspaper and a hospital soon followed as the towns economy improved.

The city was not spared in World War II, with 30% of the town being destroyed on February 10, 1945 when Soviet Red Army troops took the abandoned town.[7] After World War II and the implementation of the Oder-Neisse line in 1945, the town passed to the Republic of Poland. It was repopulated by Poles, expelled from former eastern Poland annexed by the Soviet Union. In 1946 it was renamed Chojnów, a more modern version of the old Polish Hajnów. Also Greeks, refugees of the Greek Civil War, settled in Chojnów.[9]

Population

  • 1428 – 15 inhabitants
  • 1633 – 500
  • 1657 – 180
  • 1742 – 400
  • 1788 – 20,176
  • 1801 – 2,314
  • 1890 – 8,115
  • 1910 – 10,500[10]
  • 2005 – 14,510
  • 2011 – 14,367

Economy

Chojnów is an industrial and agricultural town. Among local products are: paper, agricultural machinery, chains, metal furniture for hospitals, equipment for the meat industry, beer, wine, leather clothing, and clothing for infants, children and adults.

Sights and nature

Among the interesting monuments of Chojnów are the 13th-century castle of the Dukes of Legnica (currently used as a museum), two old churches, the Baszta Tkaczy (Weavers' Tower) and preserved fragments of city walls.

The biggest green area in Chojnów is small forest Park Piastowski (Piast's Park), named after Piast dynasty. Wild animals that can be found in the Chojnów area are roe deer, foxes, rabbits and wild domestic animals, especially cats.

Culture and sport

Miejski Dom Kultury ("Municipal House of Culture")

Every year in the first days of June, the Days of Chojnów (Dni Chojnowa) are celebrated. The Whole-Poland bike race Masters has been organized yearly in Chojnów for the past few years.

Chojnów has a Municipal sports and recreation center formed in 2008 holding various events, festivals, reviews, exhibitions, and competitions. The regional Museum is housed in the old Piast era castle. The collections include tiles, relics, and the castle garden. Next to the Museum there is a municipal library. In śródmiejskim Park, near the Town Hall is the amphitheatre.

The local government-run weekly newspaper is Gazeta Chojnowska, which has been published since 1992. It is published biweekly. Editions have a run of 900 copies and it is one of the oldest newspapers in Poland issued without interruption. The Chojnów is the official newspaper of Chojnów with copy run of 750 copies.

Education

Education Centre in Chojnów

In Chojnów, there are two kindergartens, two elementary schools and two middle schools.

  • Mary Konopnickiej is the smallest elementary school in Chojnów, and is located in the northern part of the city, close to the train station and founded in 1962.
  • Janusz Korczak is the largest primary school in Chojnów in the southern part of the town.
  • Middle School No. (Pope John Paul II), it is situated in the north-western part of the city next to the "Small Church".
  • Gimnazjum nr 2 im. Nicolaus Copernicus is the largest high school in Chojnów.
  • Liceum Ogólnokształcące im. Nicolaus Copernicus

Religion

Chojnów is in the Catholic deanery of Chojnów and has two parishes, Immaculate Conception of the Blessed Virgin Mary and also the Holy Apostles Peter and Paul. Both parishes have active congregations. There are also two Congregations of Jehovah's witnesses.[11]

Notable people

Twin towns – sister cities

See also: List of twin towns and sister cities in Poland

Chojnów is twinned with:[12]

  • Entrance to the Piast Castle
    Entrance to the Piast Castle
  • Market Square
    Market Square
  • Flower beds in Chojnów
    Flower beds in Chojnów
  • Gothic Saints Peter and Paul Church
    Gothic Saints Peter and Paul Church
  • Park Piastowski
    Park Piastowski
  • Town hall
    Town hall
  • Immaculate Conception Church
    Immaculate Conception Church
  • Nicolaus Copernicus Gymnasium No. 2
    Nicolaus Copernicus Gymnasium No. 2
  • Monument to Polish soldiers killed in World War II and murdered in labour camps and exiled to Siberia
    Monument to Polish soldiers killed in World War II and murdered in labour camps and exiled to Siberia
  • Swan's Pond (Łabędzi Staw) in winter
    Swan's Pond (Łabędzi Staw) in winter
  • Chojnów Railway Station
    Chojnów Railway Station
  • Railway bridge
    Railway bridge

References

  1. ^ "Population. Size and structure and vital statistics in Poland by territorial divison in 2019. As of 30th June". stat.gov.pl. Statistics Poland. October 15, 2019. Retrieved February 14, 2020.
  2. ^ Historical doccontent Archived March 15, 2016, at the Wayback Machine.
  3. ^ Georg Korn, "Breslauer Urkundenbuch", Erster Theil, Breslau, Verlag von Wilhelm Gottlieb Korn 1870, p14.
  4. ^ Józef Lompa, Krótki rys jeografii Śląska dla nauki początkowej, Głogówek 1847, p. 14 (in Polish)
  5. ^ a b c Słownik geograficzny Królestwa Polskiego i innych krajów słowiańskich, Tom III, Warsaw, 1882, p. 10 (in Polish)
  6. ^ Haynau Archived March 15, 2016, at the Wayback Machine.
  7. ^ a b c d e f Marta Kociuba. "Historia miasta". Chojnow.eu (in Polish). Retrieved February 7, 2020.
  8. ^ "Informacja historyczna". Dresden-Warszawa (in Polish). Retrieved February 7, 2020.
  9. ^ Mieczysław Wojecki, Ludność grecko-macedońska na Dolnym Śląsku, "Śląski Kwartalnik Historyczny Sobótka", No. 1/1980, p. 95-96 (in Polish)
  10. ^ Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Hainau" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 12 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 822.
  11. ^ JW website in Poland.
  12. ^ "Dzieñ Partnerstwa Miast" (PDF). chojnowska.e-informator.pl (in Polish). Gazeta Chojnówska. May 26, 2017. p. 3. Retrieved October 10, 2019.
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