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Evolution of the French colonial empire

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The French colonial empire was the set of territories outside Europe that were under French rule from the 16th century to the late 1980s. From the 16th to the 17th centuries, the First French colonial empire stretched from a total area at its peak in 1680 to over 10,000,000 square kilometres (3,900,000 sq mi), the second largest empire in the world at the time behind only the Spanish Empire. In terms of land area, the Second French colonial empire extended to over 13,500,000 square kilometres (5,200,000 sq mi) at its peak in 1936, the second largest in the world at the time, which accounted for 10% of the world's land area. The total land area of the first and second French colonial empire combined reached 24,000,000 square kilometres (9,300,000 sq mi).

This is a list of all territories that were part of the French colonial empires in the last 500 years, either entirely or in part, either under French sovereignty or as mandate or protectorate. When only a part of the country was under French rule, that part is listed in parentheses after the country. When there are no parentheses, it means the whole country was formerly part of any one of the French colonial empires. Countries listed are those where French sovereignty applied effectively. Areas that were only claimed, but not effectively controlled (such as Manhattan or Western Australia) are not listed.

N.B.
  • "1st" means the country/territory was part of the first French colonial empire.
  • "2nd" means the country/territory was part of the second French colonial empire.
  • "Now" means this is a territory still part of the French Republic today.

The Americas

North America

Main article: New France

Caribbean

South America

(see France Antarctique and France Équinoxiale)

Africa

North Africa

Name of territory Dates Status Comments
Algeria 1830 Colony
1848 annexed to France
1962 Independent
Morocco 1912 protectorate
1956 Independent
Tunisia 1881 protectorate
1956 Independent

West Africa

Equatorial Africa

Indian Ocean

Red Sea

Asia

Middle East

South Asia

East Asia

South East Asia

Oceania

Antarctic Ocean

See also

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