Hussein Kamel of Egypt

Hussein Kamel
Hussein Kamel wearing a traditional tarboosh.
Sultan of Egypt and the Sudan
Reign	19 December 1914 – 9 October 1917
Predecessor	Abbas Hilmi II (Khedive of Egypt)
Successor	Fuad I
Prime Minister	Hussein Roshdy Pasha
Born	(1853-11-21)21 November 1853 Cairo, Egypt
Died	9 October 1917(1917-10-09) (aged 63) Cairo, Egypt
Burial	Al-Rifa'i Mosque, Cairo, Egypt
Spouse	Ayn-al-Hayat Rifaat (divorced) Melek Tourhan
Issue	Prince Kamal el Dine Hussein Princess Kazma Husayn Princess Kamila Husayn Prince Ahmed Nazim Bey Princess Kadria Husayn Princess Samiha Husayn Princess Badia Husayn
Dynasty	Muhammad Ali Dynasty
Father	Ismail Pasha
Mother	Nur Felek Qadin

Sultan Hussein Kamel (Arabic: السلطان حسين كامل; November 1853 – 9 October 1917) was the Sultan of Egypt from 19 December 1914 to 9 October 1917, during the British protectorate over Egypt. He was the first person to hold the title of Sultan of Egypt since the killing of Sultan Tuman II by the Ottomans in 1517 following their conquest of Egypt.

Hussein Kamel was the second son of Khedive Ismail Pasha, who ruled Egypt from 1863 to 1879. He was declared Sultan of Egypt on 19 December 1914, after the occupying British forces had deposed his nephew, Khedive Abbas Hilmi II, on 5 November 1914. Though presented as the re-establishment of the pre-Ottoman Egyptian sultanate, the newly created Sultanate of Egypt was to be a British protectorate, with effective political and military power vested in British officials. This brought to an end the de jure Ottoman sovereignty over Egypt, which had been largely nominal since Muhammad Ali's seizure of power in 1805.

Tomb of Sultan Hussien Kamel at the Al-Rifa'i Mosque in Cairo

Upon Hussein Kamel's death, his only son, Prince Kamal al-Din Husayn, declined the succession, and Hussein Kamel's brother Ahmed Fuad ascended the throne as Fuad I. At the beginning of Naguib Mahfouz's novel Palace Walk, Ahmad Abd al-Jawwad says "What a fine man Prince Kamal al-Din Husayn is! Do you know what he did? He refused to ascend the throne of his late father so long as the British are in charge."

Stereoscope photographs of the coronation procession and burial procession of Sultan Hussein are available on the Rare Books and Special Collections Digital Library of the American University in Cairo.

Honours

Domestic

• Founder and Sovereign of the Order of Muhammad Ali
• Founder and Sovereign of the Order of Ismail
• Founder and Sovereign of the Order of the Nile
• Founder and Sovereign of the Order of the Virtues

Foreign

• Order of Osmanieh, 1st Class
• Order of the Medjidie, 1st Class
• Knight of the Order of Franz Joseph, 1st Class, 1869
• Grand Cross of the Order of the Sword, 1891
• Honorary Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath (GCB), 1914
• Grand Cross of the Legion d'Honneur, 1916
• Grand Cross of the Order of Saints Maurice and Lazarus, 1916
• Grand Cross of the Order of the Redeemer, 1916
• Grand Cross of the Order of the Crown, 1916
• Grand Cross of the Order of Leopold II, 1917

External links

Media related to Hussein Kamel of Egypt at Wikimedia Commons

Stereoscopes of Hussein Kamel's coronation and burial processions