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Afşin-Elbistan C power station

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Coordinates: 38°21′09″N 37°00′18″E / 38.3525°N 37.005°E / 38.3525; 37.005
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Afşin-Elbistan C power station
Map
Country
  • Turkey
Coordinates38°21′09″N 37°00′18″E / 38.3525°N 37.005°E / 38.3525; 37.005
StatusCancelled
Construction cost
  • 17,000 million ₺
  • Maden Holding
Thermal power station
Primary fuel
Cooling source
Power generation
Nameplate capacity
  • 1,800 MW
Capacity factor
  • 72 %
Annual net output
  • 11 TW h
[edit on Wikidata]

Afşin-Elbistan C is a planned 1800 MW coal-fired power station which may be built in Turkey. The three units of 600 MW planned for Afşin in Kahramanmaraş Province may be operated by the state-owned generating company (EÜAŞ). Estimated to cost 17.3 billion lira, at planned capacity 11 TWh per year[1] of the nation's electricity would be generated by burning 23 million tonnes of lignite annually.[2] According to the environmental impact assessment, the plant would emit over 61 million tonnes of CO2 each year for 35 years. It would be the least carbon efficient power station in the world.

History

The site in the Altınelma district is near the two existing Afşin-Elbistan power stations. In 2019, compulsory purchase of land by EÜAŞ was authorised by President Erdoğan,[3] and diversion of Hurman Creek will allow more access to Elbistan coalfield.[4]

As of 2020 Global Energy Monitor lists the plant's status as "pre-permit development".[5]

Mine

The plant would be supplied by a nearby opencast lignite mine owned by EÜAŞ.[6]

Economics

The plant is planned to operate for 35 years and will be funded by China[7] or the Turkey Wealth Fund, the country's sovereign wealth fund, which plans to pay dividends to the treasury by 2025.[8] This is in accordance with the energy policy of Turkey, which prioritises local sources of energy to reduce coal and natural gas imports, partly in order to maintain energy security.[8] Despite low production costs,[9] the private sector was not interested as the coal is low-quality.[8] Despite being completely state-owned, EÜAŞ is a "Public Economic Enterprise" so is meant to operate commercially and seek profit.[10] According to Carbon Tracker, by 2020 both new wind and solar power plants were cheaper than building new coal-power plants. They forecast that wind would become cheaper than existing coal plants in 2027, and solar in 2023, and conclude that constructing the plant is a waste of money.[11]

Technology

The station is planned to run 6948 hours a year to generate 11380 GWh.[12] By using a supercritical boiler, the plant will be more efficient and emit less local air pollution[13] than all other large (over 400 MW) local lignite-fuelled power stations in Turkey, as they use subcritical boilers. But, according to campaign group "Right to Clean Air Platform", it would still result in thousands of early deaths over the lifetime of the plant.[14]

Greenhouse gas emissions

The Afşin-Elbistan C environmental impact assessment (EIA) estimated CO2 emissions would be more than 60 million tonnes of CO2 per year.[15] By comparison, total annual greenhouse gas emissions by Turkey are about 520 million tonnes;[16] thus more than a tenth of greenhouse gas emissions by Turkey would be from the planned power station.[note 1][note 2] Therefore, if built, at over 5 kg of CO2 per kWh generated it would be less carbon efficient than any power station on the list of least carbon efficient power stations.[note 3]

Opposition

Ali Öztunç, local MP of the main opposition Republican People's Party, has spoken out against the plant.[23] Environmentalists claim the country already has too much capacity[24] and contend that the plant will damage local water resources.[25] Environmental and public health groups criticised the EIA for describing coal as clean energy[26] and, in February 2020, thousands of people filed petitions against its approval:[27] but it was approved by the Ministry of Environment and Urbanisation in March.[28]

Notes

  1. ^ 62 megatonnes would be emitted annually[15] if run at the targeted capacity factor, whereas Turkey's current annual emissions are 521 megatonnes.[16] By simple arithmetic 62 megatonnes is more than 10% of 521+62 megatonnes.
  2. ^ On average somewhat over a million tonnes of CO2 was emitted for every TWh of electricity generated in Turkey by coal-fired power stations in 2010.[17] This power station aims to generate just over 12.5 TWh (gross) per year.[18] The calculation in the EIA assumes an emission factor of 94.6 tCO2/TJ,[15] which is three times the average of 31 for Turkish lignite,[19] but it is unclear whether this is the only reason the CO2 emissions per kWh are predicted to be very high compared to the 2010 average. Since 2020, more stringent filtering of local air pollutants from the smokestack has been compulsory.[20] Moreover, although the average is about 2800,[21] the net calorific value of Turkish lignite varies between 1000 and 6000 kcal/kg.[22]
  3. ^ 61,636,279.98 tCO2/year divided by 11380 GWh/year equals 61,636.27998 Gg CO2 divided by 11,380 GWh equals 5.4 kg CO2/kWh

References

  1. ^ "EÜAŞ, Afşin C Termik Santrali İçin Çalışmalara Başlıyor". Yeşil Afşin (in Turkish). 2020-03-05.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  2. ^ "C Santrali'nin ÇED sürecinde kritik dönemeç". Elbistanın Sesi (in Turkish). Retrieved 2019-10-06.
  3. ^ Sesi, Elbistanın. "C Termik Santrali için acele kamulaştırma kararı çıktı". Elbistanın Sesi (in Turkish). Retrieved 2020-01-28.
  4. ^ "Üç termik santral kapanabilir". Sabah (in Turkish).
  5. ^ "Afşin-Elbistan power complex - Global Energy Monitor". www.gem.wiki. Retrieved 2020-03-10.
  6. ^ Sesi, Elbistanın. "Türkiye Varlık Fonu, C Santrali için 6 firma ile görüşüyor". Elbistanın Sesi (in Turkish). Retrieved 2020-07-27.
  7. ^ https://www.bnnbloomberg.ca/turkey-s-wealth-fund-targets-chemicals-and-aviation-for-a-boost-1.1469030
  8. ^ a b c Öztürk, Sinan (2020-01-21). "Turkey Wealth Fund eyes becoming strategic investment arm of the country". Daily Sabah. Retrieved 2020-04-02.
  9. ^ Kasap, Yaşar; Şensöğüt, Cem; Ören, Özer (2020-03-01). "Efficiency change of coal used for energy production in Turkey". Resources Policy. 65: 101577. doi:10.1016/j.resourpol.2019.101577. ISSN 0301-4207.
  10. ^ Europe Beyond Coal(2020), page 4
  11. ^ "WIND VS COAL POWER IN TURKEY/SOLAR PV VS COAL IN TURKEY" (PDF). Carbon Tracker. 2020.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  12. ^ "Bakanlık, bölgeye 3.santralin kurulmasına 'olumlu' baktı". Elbistanın Sesi (in Turkish). 2020-03-28.
  13. ^ "Turkey looks to raise share of renewables to two-thirds by 2023". Anadolu Agency. 2019-06-17.
  14. ^ "Covid-19 Quarantine has Cleaned the Air of Turkey, What Should be Done Next?". Bianet. 22 April 2020.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  15. ^ a b c Çınar (2020), p. 319.
  16. ^ a b "Turkey's greenhouse gas emissions fall for second year in a row". Daily Sabah. Anadolu Agency. 2020-03-31. Turkey's total greenhouse gas emissions in 2018 ..... equivalent to 520.9 million tons of carbon dioxide (CO2).
  17. ^ Atilgan & Azapagic (2016), p. 177.
  18. ^ Çınar (2020), p. xix.
  19. ^ Turkstat report (2020), p. 50.
  20. ^ "Turkey shuts power plants for not installing filters". Anadolu Agency. 2020-01-02.
  21. ^ Yerli̇ ve mi̇lli̇ enerji̇ poli̇ti̇kalari ekseni̇nde kömür (PDF) (Report). Foundation for Political, Economic and Social Research. January 2019.
  22. ^ Turkstat report (2020), pp. 59, 60.
  23. ^ "AKP'li şirketten bir ÇED raporu daha". Yeni Çağ Gazetesi (in Turkish). 2020-01-14. Retrieved 2020-01-28.
  24. ^ Gazetesi, Yeni Yaşam (2020-02-28). "Afşin Elbistan'a biçilen değer cehennem!". Yeni Yaşam Gazetesi (in Turkish). Retrieved 2020-03-03.
  25. ^ "Suların şehri susuz şehir oluyor | alevi gazetesi" (in Turkish). 5 February 2020. Retrieved 2020-03-03.
  26. ^ "In Turkey, a Battle Over Coal Draws a Line in the Soot". Sierra Club. 2020-08-05.
  27. ^ "Bölge halkından C Termik Santrali'ne karşı binlerce dilekçe". Elbistanın Sesi (in Turkish). 6 March 2020. Retrieved 2020-03-08.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  28. ^ "Afşin Elbistan C Termik Santali yapımı için bakanlıktan onay çıktı". Elbistan Olay (in Turkish). Retrieved 2020-04-02.

Bibliography

UNFCCC reports

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