Entering heaven alive

"Ascension (mystical)" redirects here. For a different mystical ascension, see enlightenment (spiritual). For other uses, see ascension (disambiguation).

Ascension of Jesus, by John Singleton Copley. Christians believe that Jesus had ascended into heaven alive.

Entering heaven alive (called by various religions "ascension", "assumption", or "translation") is a belief held in various religions. Since death is the normal end to an individual's life on Earth and the beginning of afterlife, entering heaven without dying first is considered exceptional and usually a sign of a deity's special recognition of the individual's piety.

Christianity

Ascension Rock, inside the Chapel of the Ascension (Jerusalem), is said to bear the imprint of Jesus' right foot as he left Earth and ascended into heaven.

See also: Ascension of Jesus, Rapture, Biblical cosmology, and Translation (Mormonism)

• Jesus is considered by the vast majority of Christians to have died before being resurrected and ascending to heaven. Most Christians believe Jesus did initially die, but was then resurrected from the dead by God, before being raised bodily to heaven to sit at the Right Hand of God with a promise to someday return to Earth. The minority views that Jesus did not die are known as the swoon hypothesis and Docetism.
• Mary, the mother of Jesus is considered in Eastern Orthodoxy to have died prior to being assumed (translated) into heaven. In like manner, Roman Catholicism affirms that Mary, the mother of Jesus, suffered death prior to her assumption which has been "expressly affirmed in the Liturgy of the Church" and is expressly seen in paragraph 20 of the proclamation of this teaching. Protestants generally believe that Mary died a natural death like any other human being and subsequently entered heaven in the usual manner. The Anglo-Catholic tradition of Anglicanism typically affirms the assumption.

Since the adoption of the Nicene Creed in 325, the ascension of Jesus into heaven, as related in the New Testament, has been officially taught by all orthodox Christian churches and is celebrated on Ascension Thursday. In the Roman Catholic Church, the ascension of the Lord is a Holy Day of Obligation. In the Eastern Orthodox Church the ascension is one of twelve Great Feasts.

In the reformed churches' tradition of Calvinism, belief in the ascension of Christ is included in the Westminster Confession of Faith, the Heidelberg Catechism and the Second Helvetic Confession."

The "rapture" is a reference to "being caught up" as found in 1 Thessalonians 4:17, when the "dead in Christ" and "we who are alive and remain" will be caught up in the clouds to meet the Lord.

Another kind of entering heaven alive is mentioned in the Old Testament: the prophet Elijah and the patriarch Enoch, son of Jared and ancestor of Noah, respectively.

Catholicism

Main article: Assumption of Mary

The Roman Catholic Church distinguishes between the ascension, in which Christ rose to heaven by his own power, and the assumption in which Mary, mother of Jesus, was raised to heaven by God's power. (Enoch and Elijah are said in scripture to have been taken into heaven while still being alive on Earth and not yet experiencing physical death.)

On November 1, 1950, Pope Pius XII, acting ex cathedra, issued Munificentissimus Deus, an authoritative statement of official dogma of Roman Catholicism. In Section 44 the pope stated:

By the authority of our Lord Jesus Christ, of the Blessed Apostles Peter and Paul, and by our own authority, we pronounce, declare, and define it to be a divinely revealed dogma: that the Immaculate Mother of God, the ever Virgin Mary, having completed the course of her earthly life, was assumed body and soul into heavenly glory.

The doctrine is based on Sacred Tradition that Mary, mother of Jesus, was bodily assumed into heaven. For centuries before that, the assumption was celebrated in art. The proclamation states that Mary suffered bodily death before being assumed into heaven. Some theologians have argued that Mary didn't die, but this is contrary to the text of the dogma's proclamation.

Eastern Christianity

Orthodox icon of the Dormition of the Theotokos (1392, Theophan the Greek).

Main article: Dormition of the Mother of God

The Eastern Orthodox Church teaches that three other persons were taken bodily into heaven: Enoch, Elijah (Elias) and the Theotokos (Virgin Mary). Similar to the Western "Assumption" of Mary, the Orthodox celebrate the Dormition of the Theotokos on August 15. Unlike Western uncertainty about Mary's physical death, the Orthodox teach that Mary died a natural death like any other human being, that she was buried by the Apostles (except for Thomas, who was late), and three days later (after Thomas had arrived) was found to be missing from her tomb. The church teaches that the Apostles received a revelation during which the Theotokos appeared to them and told them she had been resurrected by Jesus and taken body and soul into heaven. The Orthodox teach that Mary already enjoys the fullness of heavenly bliss that the other saints will experience only after the Last Judgment.

Hellenistic religion

Main article: Hellenistic religion

• Apollonius of Tyana was said to have been assumed into Elysium by Philostratus.

Hinduism

• Yudhishthira of the Mahabharata is believed to be the only human able to cross the plane between mortals and heaven, while still in his mortal body.
• Arjuna, his brother, had been to heaven and lived there for 5 years in his human body.
• Bhishma, his grand-uncle, had lived and studied in heaven.
• King Puru, his ancestor, had been to heaven. Indeed, many kings, including
• King Nahusha was admitted to heaven in his human body, as were several other kings.
• Sant Tukaram was taken to Vaikunta on Garuda, which was witnessed by all the village people.
• Chaitanya Mahaprabhu disappeared after entering the temple deity room of Lord Jagannath.
• Ramalinga Swamigal (Swami Ramalinga), a great Sage revered by his teaching. Ramalinga supposedly attained the Supreme Body of the Godhead when Divinity itself merged with him. He was reported to have disappeared after deciding to de-materialize his immortal body by his own free will, his body was never found.
• The Mother (Mirra Alafassa), the foremost disciple of the Hindu philosopher and guru Sri Aurobindo, attempted the physical transformation of her body in order to become what she felt was the first of a new type of human individual by opening to the Supramental Truth Consciousness, a new power of spirit that Sri Aurobindo had allegedly discovered. She believed that she could create for herself a new kind of “light body”. However, she died and was cremated.

Islam

The Dome of the Rock

See also: Kitab al-Miraj

Islamic teaching states that Muhammad ascended into heaven alive at the site of the Dome of the Rock. However, this ascent was temporary and he came back to Earth. It is ascribed to the exact descriptions presented in both the Quran and the Hadith.

Islamic texts deny the idea of crucifixion or death attributed to Jesus by the New Testament. The Quran states that people (i.e., the Jews and Romans) sought to kill Jesus, but they could not crucify or kill him, although "this was made to appear to them". Muslims believe that Jesus was not crucified but instead he was raised by God unto the heavens. This "raising" is often understood to mean through bodily ascension.

Some Islamic scholars have identified the prophet Idris to be the same person as Enoch from the Bible. This is because the Qu'ran states that God "raised him to a lofty station", and that has been taken to be a term for ascending, upon which it is concluded that "Idris" was "Enoch".

In contrast, the Ahmadiyya movement in Islam believe that Jesus, having survived crucifixion and later living to old age, that only his rank and spiritual stature was ‘raised’ to be closer to God. The movement reject the notion of Jesus’s bodily ascension into heaven.

Judaism

In the Hebrew Bible, the word for "heavens" is shamayim. This is plural – it means "heavens", not "heaven" – but seems nevertheless to have a singular meaning: i.e., the older parts of the bible speak of "heavens" in the plural and Nehemiah 9:6 says, "... You made the heavens, even the highest heavens..." Shamayim also meant "sky", the atmosphere, as it does in modern English. The blue dome of the sky was called the raqia, and was believed to be a solid shield between the atmosphere and the true heaven where God lived. Heaven was the realm of God, Earth of mankind, and the underworld was for the dead, and travel between them was generally impossible, although God and his messengers frequently appear on Earth and the dead can be summoned up from the underworld as the Witch of Endor summons the shade of Samuel.

There are two possible exceptions to this general rule that humans could not go to heaven, Enoch and Elijah, but neither is clear. Genesis 5:24 mentions Enoch as one who "...walked faithfully with God; then he was no more, because God took him away," but it does not explicitly say whether he was alive or dead, and it does not say where God took him. The Books of Kings describes the prophet Elijah being taken towards "shamayim" in a whirlwind, but the word can mean both heaven as the abode of God, or the sky (as the word "heavens" does in modern English), and so again the text is ambiguous.

According to the post-biblical Jewish Midrash, eight people went to (or will go to) heaven (also referred to as the Garden of Eden and paradise) alive:

• Enoch, Noah's great grandfather (Genesis 5:22–24)
• Elijah (2 Kings 2:11)
• Serah, daughter of Asher, son of Jacob (Midrash Yalkut Shimoni (Yechezkel 367))
• Eliezer, the servant of Abraham who chose Rebecca to be Isaac's wife
• Hiram, king of Tyre, who helped Solomon build the first temple
• Ebed-Melech, the Ethiopian
• Jaabez, the son of Rabbi Yehudah ha-Nasi, who was editor of the Mishnah
• Bithiah, the daughter of Pharaoh

Zoroastrianism

It is believed in Zoroastrianism that the Peshotanu was taken up into heaven alive and will someday return as the Zoroastrian messiah.

Ascended Master Teachings

Members of various Ascended Master Teachings, a group of New Age religions based on Theosophy, believe that Francis Bacon underwent a physical Ascension without experiencing death (he then became the deity St. Germain). They also believe numerous others have undergone Ascension; they are called the Ascended Masters and act as spirit guides to human souls on their spiritual path. The leaders of these religions claim to be able to receive channeled messages from the Ascended Masters, which they then relay to their followers.

Fictional portrayals

• In C. S. Lewis's That Hideous Strength, those who ascended to heaven alive included Melchizedek, Frederick Barbarossa, King Arthur and Elwin Ransom.
• In C. S. Lewis's The Voyage of the Dawn Treader, Reepicheep the Mouse is permitted to travel into Aslan's Country while alive. He is next seen in The Last Battle where he is the first to greet the protagonists when they arrive at Aslan's Country.
• In J. R. R. Tolkien's Middle-earth legendarium, Elves who grow weary of life in Middle-earth may sail west to the Undying Lands. A few mortals also follow this route, including Tuor, Eärendil, the Ring-bearers Bilbo Baggins, Frodo Baggins, and Sam Gamgee, and the Dwarf Gimli.
• In the fictional universe of the Stargate franchise, the Ancients, have learned how to "ascend" from the physical plane and have moved on to a higher plane of existence "Hide and Seek". Stargate Atlantis. Season 1. Episode 3..
• In Gabriel García Márquez's One Hundred Years of Solitude, Remedios the Beauty, is said to be the most beautiful woman ever seen in Macondo, who unintentionally causes the deaths of several men who love or lust over her. She appears to most of the town as naively innocent, and some come to think that she is mentally handicapped. However, Colonel Aureliano Buendía believes she has inherited great lucidity: "It is as if she's come back from twenty years of war", he said. She rejects clothing and beauty. Too beautiful and, arguably, too wise for the world, Remedios ascends into the sky one afternoon in the 4pm sun, while folding Fernanda's white sheet.
• In the world of the video game series Dragon Age, according to the in-universe religion of the Andrastian Chantry, seven magisters of the Tevinter Imperium physically entered the Golden City, the seat of the god known as the Maker, in the world of dreams, the Fade. This entry tainted the Golden City, turning it into the Black City, and were cast back to Earth twisted as Darkspawn.

See also

• Enlightenment
• Nirvana

References

Sources

• Encyclopedia of Religion s.v. Ascension; Eliade, Mircea, ed. in chief. New York: Macmillan, 1987.