9 February: in the final evening of the Sanremo Festival (won by Toto Cotugno) the host Roberto Benigni, on air, mocks good-naturedly the pope John Paul II., calling him “Woytilaccio” (Big bad Woytila), ironizes about the Catholic sex morality and asks to his partner Olimpia Carrisi to make love on the stage. The performance of the actor arouses some scandal and causes a parliamentary question.[1]
12 June. Sergio Zavoli takes the place of Paolo Grassi as RAI president, while Willy de Luca becomes general director; in September, also the directors of the three channel and of the news headlines are substituted. After the freedom of the “era Grassi”, the government parties regain the control of the estate, despite the undeniable professionality of the new president.[2]
2 August. Bologna massacre, with 85 dead; RAI covers the event with extraordinary editions of the news, showing to the nation the shocking images shot by its Bonosia seat and then airing the funeral of the victims, where the State authority are harshly contested.[4]
September. Musica insieme is the last RAI show aired in black and white.
October. RAI 1 and RAI 2 extend the hours of broadcasting: the traditional pause of the afternoon is abolished; in the week-end, the beginning of the programs is anticipated to 10 AM.[2]
23 November. Irpinia earthquake. For a week, the RAI programs are almost integrally dedicated to the huge tragedy, with special editions of the news, touching reportages and appeals to the solidarity. Il 26, the president Sandro Pertini, reduces from the places of the disaster, denounces, in a burning TV message to the Italians, the delays and the inefficiencies of the helps. [5]
Private channels
Notwithstanding a series of legal battles brought by RAI to maintain the private channels in the local scope, with sentences of the tribunals often contradictory, the year sees the birth of the two first Italian national networks: the Angelo Rizzoli’s Prima Rete Indipendente and the Silvio Berlusconi’s Canale 5. At the end of the year, there are 370 channels affiliated to a network, against 266 independent ones.[2]
March. Birth of Nuova Emittenza Televisiva (NET), network of 18 televisions, managed by the FGCI and directed by Walter Veltroni.[6]
30 September. In spite of a warning of the Ministry of Communications, Silvio Berlusconi’s Tele Milano 58 begins to broadcast in the whole Northern Italy with the mark Canale 5; almost immediately, the network extends to Center and South, with the mark Canale 10, and the 1 November covers the whole Italian territory.[2]
November. The newborn Canale 5 gets straightaway a sensational goal, buying for $900,000 the TV rights for the Mundialito (a tournament among the World Champions football team, played in Uruguay). After long negotiations, RAI and Canale 5 get an agreement: Canale 5 can use the RAI satellite, while in exchange the State television can broadcast the matches of the Italian team. The Mundialito is the first great public success of Canale 5, with 8 million viewers.[7]
13 December. Birth of Angelo Rizzoli’s network Prima Rete Indipendente, active in the Northern Italy and in Rome. The news program, Contatto, is trusted to Maurizio Costanzo (as Rizzoli, affiliated to the P2 lodge). [8]
Debuts
Serials
Il fascino dell’insolito (The charm of the strange) – anthology series of fantastic stories; 3 seasons. [9]
Variety
Flash – quiz about the current news, with Mike Bongiorno (who works in RAI for the last time); 2 seasons.
Fresco fresco (Very fresh) – show for children of the summer; 3 seasons.
Popcorn – musical show on Canale 5; 4 seasons.[10]
Il telegramma (The telegram) – game show on Antenna Nord; 3 seasons.
News and educational
Mixer – magazine of current news and culture, care of Giovanni Minoli, famous for its graphic experimentations and for the “Mixer face to face”, interviews to famous personalities, whose a tight close-up fills the background; lasted till 1998. [11]
Il processo del lunedì (The Monday’s trial) – talk show about Italian soccer, care of Aldo Biscardi, the first (and, for long time, the only) public success of RAI 3. For two decades the most popular sport program of the Italian TV, also if often charged to be “trash TV” for its harsh verbal brawl, it goes on till 1997 (with a reprisal from 2013 to 2017) on RAI. A similar show, Il processo di Biscardi, is on air since 1993 on various private channels.[12]
Un uomo da ridere (A man to laugh) – by Lucio Fulci, with Franco Franchi in the autobiographical and partly dramatic role of a comic actor; 6 episodes.
Mistery
Bambole: scene da un delitto perfetto (Dolls, scenes from a perfect crime) – by Alberto Negrin, with Adalberto Maria Merli, in 3 episodes. Noir drama, with an unusual setting (Rome in 1918) and inspired by the true Mesones affair.
Delitto in piazza (Crime in the place) – by Nanni Fabbri, with Gino La Monica, in 3 episodes. A simple clerk, improvised detective, solves an intricate plot.
L’enigma delle due sorelle (The two sisters’ enigma) – thriller by Mario Foglietti, with Delia Boccardo and Giampiero Albertini, in 4 episodes. A female fashion photographer is persecuted by the phone calls of her sisters (died two years before in a car accident), while around her the murders follow each other.
Giacinta – by Luigi Calderone, from the Lugi Capuana’s novel; in 3 episodes; naturalistic drama about a young woman, marked forever by a rape suffered in her childish.
Tre operai (Three workers) – by Francesco Maselli, from the Carlo Bernari’s novel, in 4 episodes; the hard lives, the trade union struggles and the love affairs of three young socialist militants (two boy and a girl) on the eve of the fascism’s advent.[18]
Quaderno proibito (The forbidden cahier) – by Marco Leto, with Lea Massari, from the feminist novel by Alba De Cespedes; in 4 episodes.
Serial
Fermate il colpevole (Stop the guilty) – mystery inserted in the show Scacco matto (see below) as a quiz (the contenders have to guess the solution). The 23 episodes have the same actors and the same location (a villa on the Como Lake), while characters and historical setting change every time.
Chiamata urbana urgente per il numero… (Urgent call for number...) – similar mix of mystery and quiz, inserted in Domenica in, with Nando Gazzolo and Erica Bonaccorti.
Pronto emergenza (Hallo emergence) – by Marcello Baldi; adventure serial about an air rescue team, realized in collaboration with the Italian Armed Forces.
Ora zero e dintorni (Hour zero and surroundings) – sci-fi serial, set after a nuclear war, directed by Andrea Ferreri and Lucio Gaudino, aired on the Roman television Quintarete; in 13 episodes, each 14 minutes long. To be remembered as the first Italian fiction produced by a private editor.
Crazy bus – variety with Milly Carlucci and, later, Daniela Goggi; remembered for having hosted the last Rino Gaetano’s performance, two days before the sudden death of the singer.
Giochiamo al varietà (Let’s play the variety) – show by Antonello Falqui in 4 episodes, each dedicated to one of the four great schools of the Italian cabaret (Rome, Naples, the Sicily and Milan); with one of the most stellar cast in the story of RAI, from Gigi Proietti and Enrico Montesano to Massimo Troisi, from Lando Buzzanca to Gino Bramieri. It is the greatest public success of the year, with 20 million viewers.[21]
Ma ce l’avete un cuore? (Have you a heart?) – variety with Gianfranco D’Angelo.
Saltimbanchi si muore (Tumblers are dead) – variety by Enzo Jannacci, with Gianrico Tedeschi and Massimo Boldi; the surreal misadventures of a troupe of mummers, victims of a fake talent scout.[22]
Scacco matto (Chek-mate) – autumnal show, bound to the Lotteria Italia, hosted by Pippo Franco and Claudio Cecchetto; it gets poor public approval, also because its airing coincides with the Irpina earthquake, and the following years it’s substituted by a new edition of Fantastico.
Sette e mezzo – quiz hosted by Raimondo Vianello and, later, by Claudio Lippi; it’s the first Italian game show aired in the late afternoon, before the news (the time slot was, till then, reserved to the telefilms).
Studio 80 – variety, by Antonello Falqui, hosted by Christian De Sica.
Superstar – music show, directed by Gianni Boncompagni, with the New Trolls.
Tutti insieme compatibilmente (All together compatibly) – variety of the Sunday afternoon, hosted by Nanni Loy.
News and educational
Versilia: gente del marmo e del mare (Versilia: people of the marble and the sea) – documentary by Ansano Giannarelli.
Nel cosmo alla ricerca della vita (In the cosmos, looking for life) – program of popular science by Piero Angela, about the possible existence of the extraterrestrail life.
