"Master Harold"...and the Boys
| "Master Harold"...and the boys | |
|---|---|
 Penguin Books edition | |
| Written by | Athol Fugard |
| Characters | Hally Sam Willie |
| Date premiered | 1982 |
| Place premiered | Yale Repertory Theatre New Haven, Connecticut |
| Original language | English |
| Subject | A student moves from childhood innocence to poisonous bigotry. |
| Genre | Drama |
| Setting | St. Georges Park Tea Room, Port Elizabeth, South Africa. 1950. |
"Master Harold"...and the boys is a play by Athol Fugard. Set in 1950, it was first produced at the Yale Repertory Theatre in March 1982 and made its premiere on Broadway on 4 May at the Lyceum Theatre,[1] where it ran for 344 performances. The play takes place in South Africa during apartheid era, and depicts how institutionalized racism, bigotry or hatred can become absorbed by those who live under it. It is said to be a semi-autobiographical play, as Athol Fugard's birth name was Harold and his boyhood was very similar to Hally's, including his father being disabled, and his mother running a tea shop to support the family. His relationship with his family's servants was also similar to Hally's, as he sometimes considered them his friends, but other times treated them like subservient help, insisting that he be called "Master Harold", and once spitting in the face of one he had been close to.
The play was initially banned from production in South Africa.[2] It was the first of Fugard's plays to premiere outside of South Africa.[1]
Plot
The play recounts the long, rainy afternoon that Hally ("Master Harold") spends with Sam and Willie, two middle-aged African servants of his parents' household, in a tea shop owned by Hally's mother. Sam and Willie have cared for seventeen-year-old Hally his whole life.
At the start of the play Sam and Willie are practising ballroom steps in preparation for a major competition, while maintaining the tea shop. Business is slow due to the rain. Sam is quickly revealed as being the more worldly of the two. When Willie, in broken English, describes his ballroom partner and girlfriend as lacking enthusiasm, Sam correctly diagnoses the problem: Willie beats her if she doesn't know the steps.
Hally then arrives home from school, and cheerfully asks if the two are ready for the competition. Sam is the unacknowledged yet de facto mentor to the boy since childhood, and has always treated Hally as his nephew/ward. Sam hopes to skillfully guide Hally through the difficult passage from childhood into manhood. And hopefully thereby, takes up those values and viewpoints of an adult; and a man, that Sam, has over the years lain down; and, that all men try to leave as their legacy of shepherding an adolescent boy into manhood. Willie, for his part, has always played the "loyal black"; who has always called the white Afrikaner boy (now young man) "Master Harold"; As if, as a man of forty-five, he was addressing a superior; even when Hally was six.
The conversation between the three moves from Hally's school-work, to an intellectual discussion on "A Man of Magnitude", where they mention various historical figures of the time and their contribution to society, to flashbacks of Hally, Sam and Willie when they lived in a Boarding House. Hally warmly remembers the simple act of flying a kite Sam had made for him out of junk; we later learn that Sam made it to cheer Hally up after he was embarrassed greatly by his father's public and continuing drunkenness. Conversation then turns to Hally's 500-word English composition. The play reaches an emotional apex as the beauty of the ballroom dancing floor ("a world without collisions") is used as a transcendent metaphor for life.
Almost immediately despair returns: Sam had early on mentioned why Hally's mother is not present; the hospital had called about his father, who has been there receiving treatment for complications from a leg he lost in World War II, to discharge him, and she had left to bring him home. However, Hally, indicating that his father had been in considerable pain the previous day, insisted that his father wasn't well enough to be discharged, and that the call must've been about a bad turn, rather than a discharge notice. A call from Hally's mother at the hospital confirms that Hally's father, is manipulating the hospital into discharging him, although he is indeed, not feeling any better than before, so it's still unofficial, and Hally remains hopeful that the discharge won't happen. A second call from Hally's mother later reveals that the discharge is official, and Hally's father is now home.
Hally is distraught about this news, since his father, who in addition to being crippled, is revealed to be a tyrannical alcoholic, and his being home will make home life unbearable with his drinking, fighting, and need for constant treatment, which includes demeaning tasks of having to massage his stump, and empty "chamber pots of phlegm and urine". Hally vents to his two black friends years of anger, and pain, viciously mocking his father and his condition. But when Sam chastises him for doing so, Hally, although ashamed of himself, turns on him, unleashing vicarious racism, that he learned from his father, creating possibly permanent rifts in his relationship with both Sam and Willie. For the first time, apart from hints throughout the play, Hally begins explicitly to treat Sam and Willie as subservient help rather than as friends or playmates, insisting that Sam call him "Master Harold" and spitting on him, among other things. Sam is hurt and angry and both he and Willie are just short of attacking Hally, but they both understand that Hally is really causing himself the most pain.
There is a glimmer of hope for reconciliation at the end, when Sam addresses Hally by his nickname again and asks to start over the next day, harkening back to the simple days of the kite. Hally, horrified about what he's done, is barely able to face Sam, responding without looking up "It's still raining, Sam. You can't fly kites on rainy days, remember," then asks Willie to lock up the tea shop, and walks out into the rain, as Sam mentions that the bench Hally sat on as he flew the kite said "Whites Only" but Hally was too excited to notice it, and that he can (figuratively) leave it at any time. The play ends while Sam and Willie console each other by ballroom dancing together.
Critical reception
John Simon, writing for the New York magazine, was measured in his review:
Fugard has now perfected his way of writing plays about the tragedy of apartheid; he avoids the spectacular horrors and concentrates instead on the subtle corrosion and corruption, on the crumbling of the spirit for which the cure would be heroic action that may not be forthcoming, which the blacks try to assuage with the salve of dreams, the whites with the cautery of oppression.
— John Simon, "'Two Harolds and no Medea." (May 17, 1982)[3]
Frank Rich of The New York Times praised the performance at the original Broadway premiere:
There may be two or three living playwrights in the world who can write as well as Athol Fugard, but I'm not sure that any of them has written a recent play that can match 'Master Harold' ... and the Boys. Mr. Fugard's drama - lyrical in design, shattering in impact - is likely to be an enduring part of the theater long after most of this Broadway season has turned to dust.
— Frank Rich, "'Master Harold,' Fugard's drama on the origin of hate." (May 5, 1982)[1]
Andy Propst of Time Out ranked it the 42nd greatest play of all time.[4]
Casting history
The principal casts of notable productions of Master Harold... and the Boys
| Production/Role | Hally | Sam | Willie |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1982 Yale Repertory[1] | Željko Ivanek | Zakes Mokae | Danny Glover |
| 1982 Original Broadway[1] | Lonny Price | Zakes Mokae | Danny Glover |
| 2003 Broadway Revival | Christopher Denham | Danny Glover | Michael Boatman |
| 2012 South African Revival[5] | Alex Middlebrook | Tshamano Sebe | Themba Mchunu |
| 2013 South African Revival (in Afrikaans) | Hennie Jacobs | Terence Bridgette | Christo Davids |
| 2016 Signature Theatre - New York | Noah Robbins | Leon Addison Brown | Sahr Ngaujah |
Ivanek left to make the film The Sender in 1982, which is why he was replaced by Price.
The Afrikaans version was translated by Idil Sheard as Master Harold en die Boys.
Adaptations
1985 film
Fugard adapted the play for a television film produced in 1985, directed by Michael Lindsay-Hogg starring Matthew Broderick, Zakes Mokae and John Kani.
2010 film
A feature film version of the play was produced in South Africa in 2009 starring Freddie Highmore (Charlie and the Chocolate Factory, Finding Neverland) as Hally and Ving Rhames (Pulp Fiction, Mission Impossible 1–3) as Sam. The film was directed by Lonny Price (who played Hally in the original Broadway cast) and produced by Zaheer Goodman-Bhyat, Mike Auret, Nelle Nugent and David Pupkewitz.
Awards
- 1982 Drama Desk Award - Outstanding New Play
- 1982 Outer Critics Circle Award - Outstanding Actor In A Play (Zakes Mokae)
- 1982 Outer Critics Circle Award - Outstanding Director (Athol Fugard)
- 1982 Outer Critics Circle Award - Outstanding New Broadway Play
- 1982 Theatre World Award - Danny Glover
- 1982 Tony Award - Featured Actor In A Play (Zakes Mokae)
Source: Playbill (vault)[6]
- 1983 London Critics' Circle Theatre Award - Best Play[citation needed]
- 1983 London Evening Standard Award - Best Play[citation needed]
References
- ^ a b c d e Rich, Frank (May 5, 1982). "STAGE: 'MASTER HAROLD,' FUGARD'S DRAMA ON ORIGIN OF HATE". The New York Times. Retrieved 13 September 2015.
- ^ "Master Harold...and the Boys" (Press release). The Colony Theatre Company. 26 September 2007. Retrieved 2008-10-01.
- ^ Simon, John (17 May 1982). "Two Harolds and no Medea". New York Magazine. 15 (20). New York Media, LLC: 76. ISSN 0028-7369.
- ^ "50 Best Plays of All Time: Comedies, Tragedies and Dramas Ranked". Time Out New York. Retrieved 2020-04-16.
- ^ Fick, David."BWW Reviews: New 'MASTER HAROLD' Production at the Fugard Packs an Emotional Punch" Archived 2013-03-29 at the Wayback Machine BroadwayWorld, March 26, 2013
- ^ " Master Harold...and the Boys 1982 Broadway" Playbill (vault), retrieved November 29, 2017
Further reading
- Fugard, Athol (1982). "Master Harold"...and the boys (First ed.). New York: A.A. Knopf. ISBN 0-394-52874-3.