Mujtaba al-Shirazi
Mujtaba al-Shirazi | |
|---|---|
السيد مجتبى الحسيني الشيرازي | |
| Personal | |
| Born | 6 August 1943 |
| Religion | Islam |
| Children | Mustafa |
| Parent | Mirza Mahdi al-Shirazi (father) |
| Jurisprudence | Twelver Shia Islam |
| Relatives | Mirza Shirazi (great-great grandfather) Muhammad al-Shirazi (brother) Sadiq al-Shirazi (brother) Hassan al-Shirazi (brother) Mohammed Kadhim al-Modarresi (brother-in-law) Mohammed Kadhim al-Qazwini (brother-in-law) |
| Muslim leader | |
| Based in | London, UK[1] |
Ayatollah Sayyid Mujtaba al-Husayni al-Shirazi. (Arabic: مجتبى الحسيني الشيرازي; Persian: مجتبى حسينى شيرازى; b. ِ6 August 1943) is an Iraq-Iranian Shia jurist.[2][3][4]
Early life and education
al-Shirazi was born to Mirza Mahdi al-Shirazi and Halima al-Shirazi. Both of his parents are from the distinguished clerical al-Shirazi family that emigrated from Shiraz to Karbala in the 19th century. He is the tenth of ten children. All of his brothers are clerics, and his brothers' Muhammad al-Shirazis and Sadiq al-Shirazi are marja's. His mother is the great-granddaughter of Mirza Shirazi, the pioneer of the Tobacco Movement. His nephew, Mohammad Taqi al-Modarresi is also a marja'.[5]
Education
He grew up in Karbala, and studied in its seminary under his father, his older brother, Muhammad al-Shirazi and senior scholars like Sheikh Muhammad al-Hajiri and Sheikh Yusuf al-Khorasani. He moved to Najaf to complete his advanced studies, and studied under Sayyid Abu al-Qasim al-Khoei, as well as the founder of the Islamic republic of Iran, Sayyid Ruhollah Khomeini.[6]
He was exiled from Iraq and migrated to Iran, after the success of the Iranian revolution. He remained in Qom for a short while, and then moved to Mashhad, where he taught in its seminaries.
Relationship with Khomeini
In Najaf, al-Shirazi attended the bahth kharij (advanced research seminars) classes of Khomeini, and from there on, he grew in close proximity with Khomeini.[7] He would also go as far as being known as the "only Arab supporting Khomeini" in the Najaf seminary.[4] He was granted ijtihad by Khomeini. al-Shirazi would write numerous verses of poetry supporting the Islamic republic, as well as poems in praise of Khomeini personally, the most known one being:[8]
الخُـمَـيْـنِـي العَـظِـيـمْ |
Khomeini the great, |
al-Shirazi believed Khomeini to be senior to al-Khoei.[4]
Immigration to the United Kingdom
al-Shirazi wasn't really affiliated with any of his marja' brothers, in fact ever since the inception of his religious education, he held relatively differing views to them, and took under the wing of Khomeini throughout the majority of his stay in Iraq.[9] However, when the Shirazi's landed in Iran, and the disputes between his brother and Khomeini surfaced, al-Shirazi also began to harvest a dispute with Khomeini, but it was over his Sufi tendencies that al-Shirazi deemed deviance and kufr.[3]
Due to family ties, and his differences on Islamic philosophy with Khomeini, al-Shirazi naturally became affiliated with his brother. Hence, after facing much pressures and discomfort in Mashhad, with some reports going as far as to say that al-Shirazi's house was at some point raided, whilst he was taken and tortured, he left Mashhad for London in 1994.[3]
al-Baqi' 2009 protest
On 20 February 2009, Shia pilgrims gathered in Medina, at the al-Baqi' cemetery, to mark the anniversary of Prophet Muhammad's death. However, an incident took place where the religious police videotaped female pilgrims, a practice that was found offensive, and so a group of men asked the police to destroy or hand over the tapes, but they were denied. In response, on 24 February, many pilgrims gathered and protested in front of the cemetery and so the religious police began to attack them, and then the police interfered, arresting and injuring dozens of the pilgrims, as well as beating and assaulting them with knives.[10]
al-Shirazi released a very strong statement in the form a video, attacking the Saudi government, and King Abdullah personally.[11] He called for the masjid al-haram and masjid al-nabawi, to be taken under management of the United Nations, and for the independence of the Eastern province, with its own sovereignty, referencing the independence of Pakistan from India. In response, there was a large uproar from the Saudi media towards al-Shirazi.[12]
al-Shirazi and his student, controversial Kuwaiti cleric, Sheikh Yasser al-Habib, were accused of provoking terror attacks against Sunni mosques, as a reaction to the al-Baqi' incident and the bombings (2006 and 2007) of the Askariayn shrine.[13] However, al-Habib denied this, claiming:
"this was a call for the mosques–satanic temples–that are proven to be dens of criminal Wahabis and terrorists; the ones that call for the slaughter of the Shia. As for the ordinary Sunni mosques, it is strictly forbidden to be destroyed, even if it is a Bakri [Sunni] mosque."[14]
Controversy
al-Shirazi adopted an insulting rhetoric towards Iran’s politicians and their supporters and is never hesitant of using obscene language towards his political rivals and opponents from different Islamic sects.[15]
This rhetoric also extended to the use of profane words when condemning the Saudi government for the al-Baqi' 2009 incident.[16]
Fall out with al-Habib
al-Shirazi was considered a mentor to al-Habib. However, they had a fall out in 2012, and are no longer affiliated.[17][9]
Works
al-Shirazi has published numerous lectures and books about jurisprudence, principles of jurisprudence, Islamic philosophy and Sufism. Some of his works include:
Lectures
- al-Falsafa wal-Irfan (Islamic Philosophy and Gnosis). These are considered the largest chain of lectures on Gnosis and Sufism, as well as figures of Islamic mysticism.
- al-Sira al-Nabawiya (Biography of Muhammad)
- al-Sira al-Alawiya (Biography of Ali)
- al-Sira al-Sajadiya (Biography of Ali ibn al-Husayn)
- al-Sira al-Baqiriya (Biography of Muhammad ibn Ali)
- Ahl al-Bayt Fi al-Quran (Ahl al-Bayt in the Quran)
- Abu Bakr Fi al-Hadith (Abu Bakr in Hadith)
Books
- Falsafat Ta'adud al-Zawjat (The Islamic Philosophy of Polygamy)
- Ijtima'iyat al-Islam (Islamic Sociology)
- Hadhara Bari'a (Innocent Civilization)
- Hatha Rasool Allah (This is the Messenger of Allah)
- Diwan (Poetry collection)
Personal life
al-Shirazi is married to the daughter of Ayatollah Sayyid Ahmed Khatami, a contemporary of his father.[18] He has two daughters and one son.
His son Mustafa is a cleric, and is married to Yasser al-Habib's sister.[19][9]
References
- ^ Louër, Laurence (2011). Transnational Shia Politics: Religious and Political Networks in the Gulf. Hurst. p. 93. ISBN 978-1-84904-214-7.
- ^ al-Jibouri, Kaamil Salman. Mu'jam al-'Udaba' Min 'Asr al-Jahili Hata Sanat 2002 [Glossary of Scholars: From the Jahiliyyah to 2002 AD] (in Arabic). Vol. 5. Beirut, Lebanon: Daar al-Kitab al-'Ilmiya. pp. 76–7.
- ^ a b c "Al Shirazi Wa Tarikh al-Marji'iya al-Udhma" [The Shirazi family and its great intellectual history]. Annaba News Outlet (in Arabic). Retrieved 21 April 2020.
- ^ a b c "al-Sirah al-Thatiyyah Li Samahat Ayatollah al-Udhma al-Mujahid al-Sayyid Mujtaba al-Shirazi (Dam Dhiluh)" [Biography of Ayatollah Sayed Mujtaba al-Shirazi]. yahossein.com (in Arabic). Retrieved 21 April 2020.
- ^ Ṭuʻmah, Salmān Hādī (1998). Asha'er Karbala Wa 'Usariha [Tribes and Families of Karbala] (in Arabic). Beirut, Lebanon: Dar al-Mahaja al-Baydha'. pp. 79–80.
- ^ "Mata Bada'at Mathlumiyat al-Imam al-Shirazi Wa Hal Istashhad Masmooman" [When did the oppression of Imam Shirazi begin? And did he die poisoned?]. al-qatrah.net (in Arabic). Retrieved 20 April 2020.
- ^ "Al-Sayyid al-Shirazi.. al-Manhaj wal-Hikmah" [Sayyid Shirazi.. Path and Wisdom]. Mozn Cultural Network (in Arabic). Retrieved 21 April 2020.
- ^ "Nagofta haye Az Zendegu Imam Khomayni Dar Najaf Va Karbala" [Untold stories from the life of Imam Khomeini in Najaf and Karbala]. www.tabnak.ir (in Persian). Retrieved 21 April 2020.
- ^ a b c "سماحة العلامة الشيخ عبدالعظيم المهتدي البحراني" [Sheikh Abd al-Atheem al-Muhtadi al-Bahrani]. www.facebook.com. Retrieved 21 April 2020.
- ^ "Medina 2009: Sheikh Nimr's rise to prominence". Americans for Democracy & Human Rights in Bahrain. 4 July 2016. Retrieved 21 April 2020.
- ^ al-Kash, Ali. Jadaliyat al-Fawdha al-Fiqhiya Wa Tasfih al-Aql al-Muslim (in Arabic). E-Kutub Ltd. pp. 489–90. ISBN 978-1-78058-191-0.
- ^ "al-Sayyid al-Shirazi al-Bathee'" [The dirty Sayyid al-Shirazi]. Elaph Publishing Limited (in Arabic). Retrieved 21 April 2020.
- ^ "Al-Shirazi- Uqtulu Ahl al-Sunnah Wahdimu Masajidhum" [Al-Shirazi- Kill Ahl al-Sunnah and demolish their mosques]. albainah.net. Retrieved 21 April 2020.
- ^ "Hal Bayanakum Bikhusus Faji'at Samarra Yad'u Ila al-Unf" [Does your statement regarding Samarra call for violence?]. www.alqatrah.org. Retrieved 21 April 2020.
- ^ "The early disputes between al-Shirazi family and Iran". Al Arabiya English. 16 March 2018. Retrieved 20 April 2020.
- ^ al-Kash, Ali. Ightiyal al-Aql al-Shi'i: Dirasat Fi al-Fikr al-Shu'ubi [Assassination of the Shi'i mind: Studies in Shu'ubiya thought] (in Arabic). E-Kutub Ltd. p. 251. ISBN 978-1-78058-153-8.
- ^ "Kitabat Sayyid Mustafa al-Husayni al-Shirazi Hawl Yasser al-Habib" [Writings by Sayyid Mustafa al-Shirazi regarding Yasser al-Habib]. yahosein.com (in Arabic). Retrieved 21 April 2020.
- ^ "Ta'ziyat Samahatihi Lil Sayyid Mujtaba al-Shirazi Bi Wafat Ayatollah al-Sayyid Ahmad al-Khatami" [His eminence consoles Sayyid Mujtaba for the passing of Ayatollah Sayyid Ahmed al-Khatami]. arabic.shirazi.ir (in Arabic). Retrieved 21 April 2020.
- ^ Azizi, Arash (4 May 2015). "Iran targets 'MI6 Shiites'". Al-Monitor. Retrieved 20 December 2017.
External links
- Lectures by al-Shirazi by al-Hadeeth al-Shareef (in Arabic)