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Adams County Paleo-Indian District

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Coordinates: 38°36′48″N 83°17′39″W / 38.61333°N 83.29417°W / 38.61333; -83.29417
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Adams County Paleo-Indian District
View from the south
Adams County Paleo-Indian District is located in Ohio
Adams County Paleo-Indian District
Adams County Paleo-Indian District is located in the United States
Adams County Paleo-Indian District
LocationNorth of U.S. Route 52 near Sandy Springs, Ohio[2]
Coordinates38°36′48″N 83°17′39″W / 38.61333°N 83.29417°W / 38.61333; -83.29417
Area175 acres (71 ha)
NRHP reference No.74001389[1]
Added to NRHPOctober 17, 1974

The Adams County Paleo-Indian District is an archaeological site near Sandy Springs in Green Township, Adams County, Ohio, United States.

Excavation

Approximately 10,000 years BP, the site was repeatedly occupied by groups of Paleo-Indians, who took advantage of its location near salt springs to hunt local wildlife. Artifacts found at the site are concentrated in multiple small middens that are believed to represent individual campsites. Among these artifacts are gravers, scrapers, and projectile points.[3]

Within a few years of the site's discovery, a 1982 report noted that it had yielded more than seventy fluted points[4]: 157  (elsewhere identified as Clovis points[5]), which the report's authors declared made it an example of "unusual size and complexity".[4]: 157  Such large sites as Adams County, or "Sandy Springs" as it is also known, are rare among Paleo-Indian sites; most discoveries related to the people are isolated finds,[4]: 158  although a comparable archaeological district known as the Welling Site has been discovered in Coshocton County, Ohio. It appears that southern Adams County was highly significant for such primitive peoples because of its geology:[4]: 157  one of Ohio's few regions with combined shale and limestone bedrock, the Sandy Springs area is geologically similar to the Kentucky Bluegrass, making it a natural migration route for herds of animals roaming the Bluegrass.[4]: 158  As a result, Paleo-Indian hunters learned to use the area to watch for and ambush large herds of animals, which would have been travelling slowly due to the large river.[4]: 160 

Recognition

The Adams County Paleo-Indian Archeological District is particularly valuable as a well-preserved example of the Paleo-Indian period. It is believed that the portion of the site that has been excavated is smaller than the portion that has not yet been excavated.[3] In recognition of its archaeological significance, the site was placed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1974. Approximately 175 acres (71 ha) is included in the landmarked area.[1]

References

  1. ^ a b "National Register Information System". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. March 13, 2009.
  2. ^ Ohio Valley Regional Development Commission. Adams County Tourism Map (key), June 2005. Accessed 2010-04-07.
  3. ^ a b Owen, Lorrie K., ed. Dictionary of Ohio Historic Places. Vol. 1. St. Clair Shores: Somerset, 1999, 1.
  4. ^ a b c d e f Seeman, Mark F., and Olaf H. Prufer. "An Updated Distribution of Ohio Fluted Points", Midcontinental Journal of Archaeology 7.2 (1982): 155-169.
  5. ^ Cunningham, Roger M. "Paleo-Hunters Along the Ohio River", Archaeology of Eastern North America, 1.1 (1973): 118-126: 123.
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