Battle of Cotton Plant

Battle of Cotton Plant /; Battle of Hill's Plantation
	Part of the American Civil War
Date	July 7, 1862
Location	Woodruff County, Arkansas
Result	United States victory
Belligerents
United States	Confederate States
Commanders and leaders
Charles E. Hovey; William P. Benton	Thomas C. Hindman; William Parsons
Units involved
1st Brigade, 1st Division, Army of the Southwest; 2nd Brigade, 1st Division, Army of the Southwest; 3rd Brigade, 1st Division, Army of the Southwest	12th Texas Cavalry Regiment; 16th Texas Cavalry Regiment; 17th Texas Cavalry Regiment
Strength
400	5,000
Casualties and losses
63	245

The Battle of Cotton Plant (also known as the Battle of Hill's Plantation or the Battle of Cache River) occurred on July 7, 1862, in Woodruff County, Arkansas, during the American Civil War.

During the summer of 1862, Union Maj. Gen. Samuel R. Curtis planned to move his army toward Helena, Arkansas, in search of supplies to replace those that had been promised but never delivered by the US Navy. The Confederates skirmished with Union troops as the Federals marched south along the White River toward the supply flotilla waiting at Clarendon. On July 7, 1862, Confederate Maj. Gen. Thomas C. Hindman ordered Brig. Gen. Albert Rust to stop them at the Cache River. Rust moved too slowly, so the forward elements of his force did not strike until 4 miles south of the river on Parley Hill's plantation near Cotton Plant. The outnumbered Illinois and Wisconsin infantry commanded by Union Col. Charles E. Hovey repulsed repeated, poorly organized attacks by Confederate Col. William H. Parsons's two Texas cavalry regiments. The Confederates fled when Federal reinforcements arrived. On July 8, the 2nd Wisconsin Cavalry, under the command of newly promoted Brig. Gen. Cadwallader C. Washburn, pursued the Confederates to the Cache River, destroying two ferry boats and capturing several prisoners.

Curtis proceeded to Clarendon, only to find that the flotilla had departed the previous day. He turned east toward Helena and occupied it on July 12. Federal forces controlled the town for the duration of the war. Nevertheless, Hindman, despite suffering defeat, remained between Curtis and Little Rock, his objective.

Battlefield today

The Battle of Cotton Plant, designated one of the Civil War's 384 principal battlefields by the Civil War Sites Advisory Commission in 1993, has regional/state significance because it had an observable influence on the outcome of the Vicksburg Campaign. The Union victory enabled Federal forces to move toward Helena and occupy that strategic town on the Mississippi River for the duration of the Civil War.

References

Vicksburg Campaign Trail website
Nelson, Glenn T. and John D. Squier. "The Confederate Defense of Northeast Arkansas and the Battle of Cotton Plant, Arkansas, July 7, 1862." Rivers & Roads & Points in Between, XVI (1989), 5-27.