Brian Earp
Dr Brian David Earp | |
---|---|
Born | 1985 |
Occupation | Philosopher, Cognitive Scientist, Bioethicist |
Education | Yale University, University of Oxford, University of Cambridge[1] |
Notable works | Love Drugs: The Chemical Future of Relationships |
Notable awards | 2020 commendation, by the John Maddox Prize judges[2][3] |
Website | |
www |
Brian David Earp is an American bioethicist, philosopher, and interdisciplinary researcher. He is probably best known for his writings on bodily autonomy and integrity, the involuntary non-therapeutic (medically unnecessary) genital cutting of children and drug use in the United States.[4][5] He is Director of the Oxford-National University of Singapore (NUS) Centre for Neuroethics and Society and the EARP Lab (Experimental Bioethics, Artificial Intelligence, and Relational Moral Psychology) within the Centre for Biomedical Ethics at the NUS Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine.[1] Earp is an Associate Professor of Philosophy and of Psychology at NUS by courtesy.[1] He is Associate Director of the Yale-Hastings Program in Ethics and Health Policy at Yale University and The Hastings Center.[1] He is a Research Fellow at the Oxford Uehiro Centre for Practical Ethics. He is an elected member of the UK Young Academy under the auspices of the British Academy and the Royal Society.[1]
Earp has written on a wide range of topics, including free will,[6] sex and gender[7] and the replication crisis in psychology[8] He has also worked on relational moral psychology, human enhancement, philosophy of love and children’s rights.[1] Brian helped to establish "experimental philosophical bioethics" (bioXphi) as an area of research.[1] He currently writes the quarterly "Philosophy in the Real World" column for The Philosopher. In 2019, Earp wrote his first book (co-written with Julian Savulescu), published in the UK as Love Is the Drug: The Chemical Future of Our Relationships [9] and in the United States as Love Drugs: The Chemical Future of Relationships).[10][11][12][13][14]
He's one of the authors of both statements made by the Brussels Collaboration on Bodily Integrity.[15][16]
Personal life
[edit]Earp grew up in a conservative evangelical Christian household. His mother was a stay-at-home mother; his father was a X-ray technician.[13]
Work and views
[edit]Relationships and drugs
[edit]He is best known for writing Love Is the Drug: The Chemical Future of Our Relationships with Julian Savulescu.[13][17][18] He has argued that certain forms of medications can be ethically consumed as a "helpful complement" in relationships. Both to fall in love, and, to fall out of it.[13][14]
Bodily autonomy and integrity, and children's rights
[edit]With other child genital cutting experts, Earp has argued that all forms of involuntary non-therapeutic (medically unnecessary) genital cutting or surgery — including penile circumcision, intersex interventions, and female genital mutilation — are violations of bioethical principles.[4][5][19][20][16]: 1 : 42 For this work, Earp was nominated for the 2020 John Maddox Prize, and received commendation from the judges, for “taking a multi-disciplined, science-based approach to a deep-rooted cultural practice”.[2][3]
A near ethical consensus in the Global North forbids clinicians to perform involuntary non-therapeutic genital cutting of endosex (non-intersex) female minors (except involuntary clitoral reduction surgeries on children with congenital adrenal hyperplasia), even pricking or nicking of the clitoral hood.[5][21][16]: 1 : 24 For instance, these two are less severe than a endosex male circumcison: the partial or total removal of the penile prepuce of half of the motile skin system of the penis (approximately 30–50 cm2 in the adult organ).[5][21][15]: 20 [16]: 49
Some advocates of the permissibility of medicalized newborn penile circumcision who recognize the physical and symbolic overlaps between this custom and what they see as “minor” female genital cutting (e.g., ritual cutting of the labia or clitoral hood) increasingly argue that the latter should be permitted in Western societies even for nonconsenting girls (i.e., for the sake of parity) overlaps between this custom and what they see as “minor” female genital cutting (e.g., ritual cutting of the labia or clitoral hood) increasingly argue that the latter should be permitted in Western societies even for nonconsenting girls (i.e., for the sake of parity) (Arora and Jacobs 2016; Cohen-Almagor 2020; Porat 2021; Shweder 2022b; for analysis, see Van Howe 2011). Nonvoluntary intersex surgeries have also in some cases been justified by appeals to the presumed acceptability of nonvoluntary penile circumcision (Fox and Thomson 2005; Meoded Danon 2018; see also Earp, Abdulcadir, and Shahvisi 2024).[16]: 24
With other child genital cutting experts, he asks that clinicians stop involuntary clitoral reduction surgeries on children with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH), as well as the non-therapeutic genital cutting of endosex male minors and intersex children.[16]: 24 : 42
He's one of the authors of both statements made by the Brussels Collaboration on Bodily Integrity.[15][16]
Bibliography
[edit]- Earp, Brian D.; Savulescu, Brian D. (2020). Love is the Drug: The Chemical Future of Our Relationships. Manchester University Press. ISBN 978-1-5261-4541-3.
- Earp, Brian D.; Chambers, Clare; Watson, Lori, eds. (2022). The Routledge Handbook of Philosophy of Sex and Sexuality. Routledge. ISBN 9781138370678.
References
[edit]- ^ a b c d e f g National University of Singapore (NUS) Centre for Biomedical Ethics (CBmE). "Brian D. Earp". Retrieved 22 October 2024.
- ^ a b CAPRISA (14 December 2020). "Anthony Fauci and Salim Abdool Karim jointly awarded John Maddox Prize 2020 for standing up for science during the coronavirus pandemic". Retrieved 22 October 2024.
- ^ a b Sense about Science. "Maddox Prize 2020". Retrieved 22 October 2024.
- ^ a b Earp, Brian D.; Steinfeld, Rebecca (May 15, 2017). "How different are female, male and intersex genital cutting?". The Conversation. Archived from the original on 2017-05-16. Retrieved October 29, 2020.
- ^ a b c d Earp, Brian (October 2015). "Female genital mutilation and male circumcision: toward an autonomy-based ethical framework". Medicolegal and Bioethics. 5: 89. doi:10.2147/mb.s63709. ISSN 2230-2468.
- ^ Earp, Brian D.; Everett, Jim Albert Charlton; Crone, Damien; Nadelhoffer, Thomas; Caruso, Gregg D.; Shariff, Azim; Sinnott-Armstrong, Walter. "Determined to be Humble? Exploring the Relationship Between Belief in Free Will and Humility". PsyArXiv. doi:10.31234/osf.io/3bxra.
- ^ Earp, Brian D. (2020). "What is gender for?". The Philosopher. 108 (2): 94–99 – via ResearchGate.
- ^ Earp, Brian D.; Trafimow, David (2015). "Replication, falsification, and the crisis of confidence in social psychology". Frontiers in Psychology. 6: 621. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00621. ISSN 1664-1078. PMC 4436798. PMID 26042061.
- ^ "Manchester University Press - Love is the Drug". Manchester University Press. Retrieved 2020-12-07.
- ^ Earp, Brian David; Savulescu, Julian (2020). Love Drugs: The Chemical Future of Relationships. Redwood Press. ISBN 9780804798198. Retrieved 2020-12-07.
- ^ Greenberg, Jon (April 18, 2016). "HIV In Africa: 6 Million Circumcisions And Counting". Politifact. Archived from the original on 2020-10-28. Retrieved 2020-10-25.
- ^ Zublin, Fiona (2020-01-05). "Love in the Roaring '20s". OZY. Archived from the original on 2020-01-06. Retrieved 2020-10-25.
- ^ a b c d Shane, Cari (2019-12-12). "Can We Replace Couples Therapy With Real-Life Love Potions?". OZY. Archived from the original on 2019-12-13. Retrieved 2020-10-25.
- ^ a b Szalavitz, Maia (2014-05-19). "Is It Possible to Create an Anti-Love Drug?". The Cut. Archived from the original on 2018-04-17. Retrieved 2020-10-29.
- ^ a b c Abdulcadir, Jasmine; Adler, Peter W.; Alderson, Priscilla; Alexander, Sophie; Aurenque, Diana; Bader, Dina; Ben-Yami, Hanoch; Bewley, Susan; Boddy, Janice; van den Brink, Marjolein; Bronselaer, Guy; Burrage, Hilary; Ceelen, Wim; Chambers, Clare; Chegwidden, James; Coene, Gily; Conroy, Ronán; Dabbagh, Hossein; Davis, Dena S.; Dawson, Angela; Decruyenaere, Johan; Dekkers, Wim; DeLaet, Debra; De Sutter, Petra; van Dijk, Gert; Dubuc, Elise; Dworkin, Gerald; Earp, Brian D.; Fahmy, Mohamed A. Baky; Ferreira, Nuno; Florquin, Stéphanie; Frisch, Morten; Garland, Fae; Goldman, Ronald; Gruenbaum, Ellen; Heinrichs, Gretchen; Herbenick, Debby; Higashi, Yuko; Ho, Calvin W. L.; Hoebeke, Piet; Johnson, Matthew; Johnson-Agbakwu, Crista; Karlsen, Saffron; Kim, DaiSik; Kling, Sharon; Komba, Everlyne; Kraus, Cynthia; Kukla, Rebecca; Lempert, Antony; Levin Freifrau von Gleichen, Tobe; MacDonald, Noni; Merli, Claudia; Mishori, Ranit; Möller, Kai; Monro, Surya; Moodley, Keymanthri; Mortier, Eric; Munzer, Stephen R.; Murphy, Timothy F.; Nelson, Jamie Lindemann; Ncayiyana, Daniel J.; van Niekerk, Anton A.; O’Neill, Sarah; Onuki, Daisuke; Palacios-González, César; Pang, Myung-Geol; Proudman, Charlotte R.; Richard, Fabienne; Richards, Janet Radcliffe; Reis, Elizabeth; Rotta, Alexandre T.; Rubens, Robert; Sarajlic, Eldar; Sardi, Lauren; Schüklenk, Udo; Shahvisi, Arianne; Shaw, David; Sidler, Daniel; Steinfeld, Rebecca; Sterckx, Sigrid; Svoboda, J. Steven; Tangwa, Godfrey B.; Thomson, Michael; Tigchelaar, Jet; Van Biesen, Wim; Vandewoude, Koenraad; Van Howe, Robert S.; Vash-Margita, Alla; Vissandjée, Bilkis; Wahlberg, Anna; Warren, Nicole (26 September 2019). "Medically Unnecessary Genital Cutting and the Rights of the Child: Moving Toward Consensus". The American Journal of Bioethics. 19 (10): 50. doi:10.1080/15265161.2019.1643945. Retrieved 22 October 2024.
- ^ a b c d e f g Abdulcadir, Jasmine; Adler, Peter W.; Almonte, Melanie T.; Anderson, Frank W. J.; Arguedas-Ramírez, Gabriela; Aulisio, Mark P.; Bader, Dina; Balashinsky, David; Baratz, Arlene B.; Bariş, Maide; Bauer, Greta; Behrensen, Maren; Ben-Yami, Hanoch; Boddy, Janice; Bootwala, Yasmin; Bowman-Smart, Hilary; Bruce, Lori; Buckler, Max; Cabral Grinspan, Mauro; Cannoot, Pieter; Carpenter, Morgan; Catto, Marie-Xavière; Catalán, Moisés; Chambers, Clare; Chapin, Georganne; Chegwidden, James; Christian Ghattas, Dan; Clough, Sharyn; Conroy, Ronán M.; Dabbagh, Hossein; Dalke, Katharine B.; Dallière, Sophie; Danon, Limor Meoded; Davis, Dena S.; Davis, Georgiann; Dawson, Angela J.; DeLaet, Debra L.; Dranseika, Vilius; DuBoff, Max; Dwyer, James G.; Earp, Brian D.; Esho, Tammary; Essén, Birgitta; Fahmy, Mohamed A. Baky; Feder, Ellen K.; Ferreira, Nuno; Fillod, Odile; Florquin, Stéphanie; Foldès, Pierre; Fox, Marie; Frisch, Morten; Fusaschi, Michela; Garland, Fae; Geisheker, John; Gheaus, Anca; Giménez Barbat, Teresa; Levin Freifrau von Gleichen, Tobe; Godwin, Samantha; Goldman, Ronald; Gonzalez-Polledo, E. J.; Goodman, Jenny; Gradilla, Alexandro José; Gruenbaum, Ellen; Gwaambuka, Tatenda; Hatem-Gantzer, Ghada; Hakim, M.; Hammond, Tim; Hannikainen, Ivar R.; van der Have, Miriam; Herbenick, Debby; Higashi, Yuko; Hill, B. Jessie; Johansen, R. Elise B.; Johari, Aarefa; Johnson-Agbakwu, Crista; Johnson, Matthew T.; Kimani, Samue; Komba, Eva; Kolak, Julia; Koukoui, Sophia; Kraus, Cynthia; Latham, Stephen R.; Laurent, Bo; Learner, Hazel; Lempert, Antony; Lenta, Patrick; Lesslar, Olivia; Lewis, Jonathan; Liao, Lih-Mei; Lorshbough, Erika; Lurenbaum, Jean-Christophe; MacDonald, Noni E.; McAllister, Ryan; Meddings, Jonathan; Merli, Claudia; Mertens, Mayli; Milos, Marilyn; Mishori, Ranit; Monro, Surya; Moss, Lisa Braver; Munzer, Stephen R.; Nazri, Hannah M.; Ncayiyana, Daniel; Neiders, Ivars; Ngosso, Londé; Nguena, Marianne; van Niekerk, Anton A.; Nobis, Nathan; Oduor, Alphonce Odhiambo; O’Neill, Sarah; Ottenheimer, Deborah; Paalanen, Panda; Palacios-González, César; Qing, Xin; Radcliffe Richards, Janet; Ramus, Franck; Rashid Khan, Abdul; Ray, Saarrah; Reis, Elizabeth; Reis-Dennis, Samuel; Remennick, Larissa; Richard, Fabienne; Roen, Katrina; Rubashkyn, Eliana; Sarajlic, Eldar; Sardi, Lauren; Schuklenk, Udo; Shahvisi, Arianne; Shaw, David; Sinden, Guy; Sidler, Daniel; Skitka, Linda; Somerville, Margaret A.; Sterckx, Sigrid; Svoboda, J. Steven; Taher, Mariya; Tangwa, Godfrey B.; Thomson, Michael; Townsend, Kate Goldie; Travis, Mitchell; Van Howe, Robert S.; Vash-Margita, Alla; Verhagen, Emmanuelle; Vilponen, Tiina; Villani, Michela; Viloria, Hida; Vintiadis, Elly; Virgili, Tommaso; Vissandjée, Bilkis; Ungar-Sargon, Eliyahu; Wahlberg, Anna; Wald, Rebecca; Walsh, Reubs J.; Weisenberg, Desmond; Wenger, Hannah; Wisdom, Travis; Zelayandia, Ernesto; Ziemińska, Renata; Zieselman, Kimberly; Ziyada, Mai Mahgoub (17 July 2024). "Genital Modifications in Prepubescent Minors: When May Clinicians Ethically Proceed?". The American Journal of Bioethics: 50. doi:10.1080/15265161.2024.2353823. Retrieved 22 October 2024.
- ^ Fetters, Ashley (2020-01-16). "Your Chemical Romance". The Atlantic. Retrieved 2020-10-25.
- ^ Anekwe, Lilian (February 12, 2020). "Drugs may be able to fix our romantic lives when things go wrong". New Scientist. Archived from the original on 2020-02-13. Retrieved 2020-10-29.
- ^ Hacker, Daphna (2017). Legalized Families in the Era of Bordered Globalization. Cambridge University Press. pp. 270–271. ISBN 978-1316508213.
- ^ Shweder, Richard A. (2016). "Equality Now in Genital Reshaping: Brian Earp's Search for Moral Consistency". Kennedy Institute of Ethics Journal. 26 (2): 145–154. doi:10.1353/ken.2016.0016. ISSN 1086-3249. PMID 27477192. S2CID 44291019.
- ^ a b Earp, Brian D. (2021). "Male or female genital cutting: why 'health benefits' are morally irrelevant". Journal of Medical Ethics. doi:10.1136/medethics-2020-106782. PMID 33462078.