Danaus melanippus
| Black veined tiger | |
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| Butterfly Garden in Science City Kolkata | |
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| Species: | D. melanippus
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| Danaus melanippus (Cramer, [1777])
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The black veined tiger, white tiger, common tiger, or eastern common tiger (Danaus melanippus) is a butterfly species found in tropical Asia which belongs to the "crows and tigers", that is, the danaine group of the brush-footed butterflies family.
It ranges from Assam in eastern India through Southeast Asia south to Indonesia, and eastwards to the Philippines and through southern China to Taiwan.[1][2] It has around 17 subspecies, and its closest relative is the Malay tiger, Danaus affinis.[2]
Subspecies
Listed alphabetically.[3]
- D. m. celebensis (Staudinger, 1889) – N.Sulawesi
- D. m. edmondii (Bougainville, 1837) – Philippines
- D. m. edwardi (van Eecke, 1914) – Simeulue
- D. m. eurydice (Butler, 1884) – Nias
- D. m. haruhasa Doherty, 1891 – Sumbawa - Alor
- D. m. hegesippus (Cramer, [1777]) – Peninsular Malaya, Langkawi, Singapore, Sumatra, Bangka, Belitung
- D. m. indicus (Fruhstorfer, 1899) – E.India - Thailand, Indo-China
- D. m. keteus (Hagen, 1898) – Mentawai
- D. m. kotoshonis Matsumura, 1929 – Taiwan
- D. m. lotina (Fruhstorfer, 1904) – Natuna Is.
- D. m. lotis (Cramer, [1779])
- D. m. melanippus (Cramer, [1777]) – Java
- D. m. meridionigra Martin, [1914] – C.Sulawesi
- D. m. nesippus (Felder, 1862) – Nicobars
- D. m. pietersi (Doherty, 1891) – Enggano
- D. m. umbrosus Fruhstorfer, 1906 – Pualu Tello
See also
References
- ^ Evans, W.H. (1932). The Identification of Indian Butterflies (2nd ed.). Mumbai, India: Bombay Natural History Society.
- ^ a b Smith, David A. S.; Lushai, Gugs & Allen, John A. (2005). A classification of Danaus butterflies (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) based upon data from morphology and DNA. Zool. J. Linn. Soc. 144(2): 191–212. doi:10.1111/j.1096-3642.2005.00169.x (HTML abstract)
- ^ Danaus melanippus, funet.fi
- Gaonkar, Harish (1996). Butterflies of the Western Ghats, India (including Sri Lanka) - A Biodiversity Assessment of a Threatened Mountain System. Bangalore, India: Centre for Ecological Sciences.
- Gay, Thomas; Kehimkar, Isaac David; Punetha, Jagdish Chandra (1992). Common Butterflies of India. Nature Guides. Bombay, India: World Wide Fund for Nature-India by Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0195631647.
- Haribal, Meena (1992). The Butterflies of Sikkim Himalaya and Their Natural History. Gangtok, Sikkim, India: Sikkim Nature Conservation Foundation.
- Kunte, Krushnamegh (2000). Butterflies of Peninsular India. India, A Lifescape. Hyderabad, India: Universities Press. ISBN 978-8173713545.
- Wynter-Blyth, Mark Alexander (1957). Butterflies of the Indian Region. Bombay, India: Bombay Natural History Society. ISBN 978-8170192329.
External links
Media related to Danaus melanippus at Wikimedia Commons
Data related to Danaus melanippus at Wikispecies
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