Draft:Mixed Argentines

Mixed Argentines

Argentinos Mixtos (Spanish)
Total population
Unknown % of the Argentina's population There are no official data in the censuses
Regions with significant populations
Mainly in the Argentine Northwest and in South American immigration areas.
Languages
Predominantly Spanish
Religion
Majority: Catholicism Minority: Protestantism · Irreligion
Related ethnic groups
Pardo Brazilians · Mixed Americans · Mixed Mexicans · Mixed Colombians · Mixed Venezuelans · Others

Mixed Argentines (Spanish: Argentinos Mixtos), are Argentines who do not have a predominant ancestry. These originated due to the mix of origins that occurred during the viceregal and post-independence period, this was classified under the colonial caste system, some terms used are Mestizo (mixed Amerindian and European ancestry), Mulatto (mixed European and Sub-Saharan ancestry ), Zambo (mixed Amerindian and Sub-Saharan ancestry), Pardo (mixed Amerindian, European and Sub-Saharan ancestry), among other.

History

Argentina had, like the rest of the viceroyalties, a mix between spaniards, amerindians and sub-saharan africans. Within the Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata, the only region that had real value for the Spanish crown was Upper Peru due to the Potosí Mines, the current Argentine territory was mainly livestock so it did not have a strong economic interest and there was no important arrival of slaves as in the rest of America, it was also always the least populated region of the Spanish Empire.

Mainly between 1880 and 1930 there was a great wave of immigration from Europe and the Levant, many of the Mixed Argentines had children with the millions of immigrants who quickly became the majority, this caused much of the country to have a predominantly Spanish and Italian ancestry. After the return to democracy in 1983, there was an increase in South American immigration (mainly Bolivian, Paraguayan and Peruvian) that settled mainly in the Villas Miseria (squatter settlement), around large cities and border cities such as Buenos Aires, Salta, Mendoza, San Salvador, Posadas, Córdoba, Formosa, Rosario, etc.

Drawing of a Mulatto woman in the viceregal era in 1711.

Mixing of Amerindians and Caucasians in the viceregal era

Casta	Spanish blood	Amerindian blood
Predominantly Caucasian
Criollo	87.5% - 100%	12.5% - 0%
Castizo	75%	25%
No predominant ancestry
Harnizo	62.5%	37.5%
Mestizo	50%	50%
Coyote	37.5%	62.5%
Predominantly Amerindian
Cholo	25%	75%
Indigenous	12.5% - 0%	87.5% - 100%

Mixing of Sub-Saharans and Caucasians in the viceregal era

Casta	Spanish blood	Sub-Saharan blood
Predominantly Caucasian
Criollo	100%	0%
Octavon	87.5%	12.5%
No predominant ancestry
Morisco	75%	25%
Terceron	62.5%	37.5%
Mulatto	50%	50%
Black Terceron	37.5%	62.5%
Predominantly Sub-Saharan
Galfarro	25%	75%
Black	12.5% - 0%	87.5% - 100%

Although they have the same amount of Spanish blood, the Castizos were lighter skinned and had more Spanish features, while the Moriscos had more mixed features and brown skin so they were not considered to have a predominant ancestry.

Demographics

There is no official census data on the number of people in the Argentine Republic who do not have a predominant ancestry.

In 1778 a census was taken to find out the number of people who lived in the current Argentine area of ​​the viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata. According to this census, Argentina only had 185,920 people, of which 3.31% (about 6,134 people) were Mestizos (mixed Amerindians and Spaniards), the Mulattoes despite also being mixed people (mixed Sub-Saharans and Spaniards) did not were taken into account and were included as "Black" for simplicity.

It is estimated that the percentage of argentines without a predominant ancestry increases in provinces that did not receive such notable immigration from Europe and the Levant, mainly between 1880 and 1930 during the great immigration, these are mainly some of the provinces of the Argentine Northwest.

Genetics studies

Genetic ancestry of the average Argentinian gene pool (matrilineal) (2021).
The average is Castizo (with Spanish and Italian ancestry):

  Caucasian Contribution (77.8%)

  Amerindian Contribution (18.0%)

  Sub-saharan Contribution (4.2%)

Large comprehensive studies across Argentina's many regions in order to characterize the genetic admixture have been lacking. Small sample size studies give the following composition. It is estimated that because in the mix between European and Levantine immigrants who were the majority and Argentines from that time who became a minority, it caused modern Argentines to have a predominantly Caucasian Mediterranean ancestry (mainly Spanish, Italian, Arab and South French) in the Castizo range.

A team led by Daniel Corach conducted a study in 2009, analyzing 246 samples from eight provinces and three different regions of the country. The results were as follows: the analysis of Y-Chromosome DNA revealed a 94.1% of European contribution, and only 4.9% and 0.9% of Native American and Black African contribution, respectively. Mitochondrial DNA analysis again showed a great Amerindian contribution by maternal lineage, at 53.7%, with 44.3% of European contribution, and a 2% African contribution. The study of 24 autosomal markers also proved a large European contribution of 78.5%, against 17.3% of Amerindian and 4.2% Black African contributions.

Several studies found out that the Caucasian ancestry in Argentina comes mainly from the Iberian Peninsula and Italian Peninsula with a much lower contribution from Central Europe, Northern Europe and West Asia. The Italian component appears strongest in the East and Center-West, while the Spanish influence dominates in the North East and North West.

Notable Mixed Argentines

• 
  La Mona Jiménez, a important cuarteto singer and composer.
• 
  Carlos Tevez, a former player and current football coach.
• 
  Carlos Monzón, a historic argentine professional boxer.
• 
  María Remedios del Valle, the Mother of the Argentine Homeland.
• 
  Claudio Tapia, an executive of the Argentine Football Association.

See also

• Ethnic groups of Argentina
• Colonial caste system
• Pardo
• Mestizo
• Mulatto
• Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata
• Multiracial people
• History of colonialism
• European emigration