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Draft:Paturi (Bengali dish)

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Paturi
Ilish (Hilsa) paturi wrapped in banana leaves
CourseMain dish
Place of originIndia
Region or stateBengal
Associated cuisineIndian (Bengali)
VariationsMachher paturi

Paturi is a Bengali dish, which comes in both vegetarian and non-vegetarian varieties, but machher paturi is the most popular, especially Bhetki paturi. The leaves of the plant play an important role in the preparation of this dish, as the ingredients are wrapped in the leaves and tied with twine and cooked on low flame or steamed.

Vegetarian options of paturi include paneer, dal, sandesh etc., while non-vegetarian options include machher (fish) paturi. Fresh water fish are mainly used to make machher paturi.

Etymology

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Probably the word Paturi is derived from the word ‘Patra’. That is, the foodstuff which is prepared wrapped in leaves can be identified as Paturi.[1]

History

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It is not possible to know the exact time about the origin of Paturi. Paturi is not much mentioned in the diet of Bengalis in ancient and medieval times as compared to the present time. However, a mention of Paturi's preparation can be found in the Banshulimangal, a bengali kavya (poem), written by poet Mukund Mishra. Paturi is one of the dishes that Rukmini prepared for Swami Dhusdatta, mentioned in this Kavya. In the Kavya, there is a mention of macher (fish) paturi with mustard.[1]

Different types of paturi

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Paturi can be prepared with a wide variety of ingredients, both vegetarian and non-vegetarian. However, among non-vegetarian dishes of paturi, fish dishes are more prevalent.[2] Different types of paturi are prepared from different fish like Bhetki paturi, Ilish paturi, Koi paturi,[3][4] Rui paturi etc. Apart from fish, there are egg dishes too, and even fish egg dishes are made.[5][6][7] Paturi is also prepared with prawns, known as chingri paturi.[8]

Paturi has many vegetarian options, which are more popular among vegetarians. Vegetarian Dal paturis are prepared using pulses (edible legume), among which Mushur dal paturi is notable.[9][10] Paturi is also prepared from dairy products, such as paneer—a fresh acid-set cheese common in cuisine of India—and chhana, a kind of acid-set cheese. Paturi prepared using these dairy products are known as Paneer Paturi and Chhanar Paturi respectively.[11][12][13] Paturi is also prepared with sandesh, a famous Bengali dessert made from milk.

Variations of Paturi[5][6][7][9][10][11][13][14][15]
Dish Photos Plant leaves
(as a wrapper) 		Ingredients
Main Essential Other
Neeramish (vegetarian) paturi
Paneer Paturi Banana leaves Paneer Black mustard seeds, turmeric powder (haldi), mustard oil, green chillies Poppy seeds, coconut
Dal Paturi Gourd leaves Dal (pulses) Green chillies, turmeric powder (haldi) and mustard oil Onions, garlics, black cumins, coriander powder, tomato, ginger
Sandesh Paturi Banana leaves Sandesh
Chhanar paturi Banana leaves Chhana Mustard seeds, flour and green chillies Poppy seeds, sugar
Amish (non-vegetarian) paturi
Bhetki paturi Banana leaves Bhetki (Barramundi) Mustard seeds, mustard oil, turmeric powder (haldi) and green chillies Coconut, Tok Doi (yogurt)
Ilish paturi Banana leaves Ilish Mustard seeds, mustard oil, turmeric powder (haldi) and green chillies Poppy seeds, coconut, Tok Doi (yogurt)
Koi paturi Gourd leaves Koi (Anabas) Mustard seeds, mustard oil, turmeric powder (haldi) and green chillies, onions Garlic, cumin powder, coconut, coriander powder
Rui paturi Banana leaves Rui Mustard seeds, mustard oil, turmeric powder (haldi) and green chillies
Chingri paturi Gourd leaves/Banana leaves Chingri (Prawn) Mustard seeds, mustard oil, turmeric powder (haldi), green chillies poppy seeds, coconut, Tok Doi (yogurt), sugar, garlic
Dim paturi Banana leaves Egg or fish egg Mustard seeds, mustard oil, turmeric powder (haldi) and green chillies Poppy seeds, coconut

Preparation and serving

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The basic method of making paturi is to wrap the main ingredient in leaves along with spices and cook it on low flame or steam. Some cooking styles may be associated with this basic method of preparing each individual paturi. In some cases, at the time of cooking rice, fish with spices is wrapped in leaves and steamed by the steam generated in handi.[15][16][17]

Paturi is served with hot rice.[3][16] It is almost always served directly from the cooking vessel, although in fancier homes the dish may be served on a plate or bowl.

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  • Machher (Fish) paturi at Tero Parban (a restaurant) in Kolkata
    Machher (Fish) paturi at Tero Parban (a restaurant) in Kolkata
  • Ilish macher paturi
    Ilish macher paturi
  • Homemade dal and rice meal with Bhetki paturi and salad
    Homemade dal and rice meal with Bhetki paturi and salad
  • Bhetki paturi in banana leaf
    Bhetki paturi in banana leaf

References

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  1. ^ a b "কাচকির পাতুরির স্বাদ, নিমেষে মন জিতে নেবে আপনার!". Eisamay (in Bengali). Retrieved 14 September 2024.
  2. ^ "Paturi to misti doi, US Ambassador enjoys Bengali cuisine in Delhi's Banga Bhawan". India Today. 4 July 2023. Retrieved 13 September 2024.
  3. ^ a b "পাতুরি মানেই কি শুধু ইলিশ? সেই দস্তুর ভেঙে বানাতে পারেন কই মাছ দিয়েও". Anandabazar (in Bengali). Kolkata: ABP. 19 August 2022. Retrieved 14 September 2024.
  4. ^ "কই মাছের পাতুরি তৈরির রেসিপি". dhakapost.com (in Bengali). 31 July 2022. Retrieved 14 September 2024.
  5. ^ a b "ইলিশ নয়, এ বার ডিম দিয়েই বানিয়ে ফেলুন পাতুরি! জমে যাবে দুপুরের ভোজ". Anandabazar (in Bengali). Kolkata: ABP. 4 July 2024. Retrieved 14 September 2024.
  6. ^ a b Das, Rajit (16 February 2024). "Dimer Paturi: মাছের পাতুরি তো অনেক খেয়েছেন, এবার রাঁধুন মুখরোচক ডিম পাতুরি". bengali.indianexpress.com (in Bengali). Retrieved 14 September 2024.
  7. ^ a b "বর্ষায় পাতুরি খেতে মন চাইছে? মাছের ডিম দিয়ে বানাতে পারেন, রইল প্রণালী". www.anandabazar.com (in Bengali). ABP. Retrieved 13 September 2024.
  8. ^ "ভাইফোঁটায় ভাইয়ের পাতে চিংড়ি রাখবেন? চাপড়া চিংড়ির পাতুরি বানিয়ে ফেলুন". Anandabazar (in Bengali). Kolkata: ABP. 18 October 2022. Retrieved 14 September 2024.
  9. ^ a b "ভেটকি কিংবা মুরগি নয়, গরম ভাতের সঙ্গে এ বার জমে যাবে মুসুর ডালের পাতুরি". Anandabazar (in Bengali). Kolkata: ABP. 12 August 2023. Retrieved 14 September 2024.
  10. ^ a b "অল্প তেলের পদ, চেখে দেখুন মুসুর ডালের পাতুরি". Sangbad Pratidin Digital (in Bengali). Pratidin Prakashani. 2 August 2018. Retrieved 14 September 2024.
  11. ^ a b Ghosal, Sharmistha (11 October 2018). "Durga Puja 2018 Special: The Westin Kolkata's Chef Vikash Prasad shares the recipe for Paneer Paturi". Indulgexpress. Retrieved 13 September 2024.
  12. ^ "জিভে-জল আনা নিরামিষ-পাতুরির গপ্পো". Bongodorshon (in Bengali). 2 September 2018. Retrieved 14 September 2024.
  13. ^ a b "পাতুরি মানেই কি ইলিশ কিংবা ভেটকি? দস্তুর ভেঙে বানিয়ে ফেলুন ছানার পাতুরি". www.anandabazar.com (in Bengali). ABP. Retrieved 13 September 2024.
  14. ^ "5 Types of Leaves Used in Bengali Paturi Dishes". www.news18.com. Retrieved 13 September 2024.
  15. ^ a b Bhartiya et al. 2024, p. 85.
  16. ^ a b Sen, Rajyasree (13 September 2024). "What ties the Parsi patrani macchi to the Bengali paturi?". The Indian Express. New Delhi. Retrieved 13 September 2024.
  17. ^ Chowdhury, Michella (13 April 2023). "Paturi's delicious Bengali food hits just the right spot". www.dhakatribune.com. Retrieved 13 September 2024.

Bibliography

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